Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: Status of the Cholesterol Transfers to HDL and Other Parameters Related to Lipoprotein Metabolism in Patients Submitted to Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Active Core-Shell Ag NPs@Carbon Dots with Enzyme-Mimicking Activities for Label-Free Measurement Cholesterol

Serological-sensitive testing of cholesterol holds significant value in the fields of healthcare and clinical diagnosis. This study reports on the preparation of peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes through the wrapping of N, S-doped carbon dots (DCDs) on the surface of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs@DCD). The shell-core structure of Ag NPs@DCD displays peroxidase-mimicking capability, with the potential to catalyze inactive Raman probe molecules into the Raman reporters. Furthermore, a "shell-isolated nanoparticles-enhanced Raman spectroscopy" structure exhibited an enhanced Raman signal of reporter molecules. Ag NPs@DCD were utilized to create a label-free SERS sensing system for high-performance detection of cholesterol in serum samples. These results demonstrate the potential of the novel nanozyme-based SERS approach for clinical diagnosis.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and carcinogenesis

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) has been recognized to be associated with atherosclerosis. In the past few years many studies have found that HDLC is also related to tumor development and progression. Despite some opposing views, a large number of studies support a negative association between HDLC and tumor incidence. Measuring serum HDLC concentrations may facilitate assessment of the prognosis of cancer patients and provide a biomarker for tumors. However, there is a lack of molecular mechanism studies on the link between HDLC and tumors. In this review we discuss the impact of HDLC on the incidence and prognosis of cancer in different systems, as well as prospects for the prediction and treatment of cancer in the future.

The Impact of Subclinical Hyperthyroidism on Cardiovascular Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

CONTEXT

Limited studies have focused on the impact of subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) on poor prognosis in patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD).

OBJECTIVE

We implemented the present study to explore the association between SHyper and adverse cardiovascular events in CAD patients who underwent drug-eluting stent implantation.

METHODS

We consecutively recruited 8283 CAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). All subjects were divided into 2 groups according to their thyroid function: group 1 (euthyroidism group, n = 7942) and group 2 (SHyper group, n = 341). After 1:4 propensity score (PS) matching, 1603 patients (332 SHyper group and 1271 euthyroidism group) were selected. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), a composite of cardiac mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), and target vessel revascularization (TVR).

RESULTS

Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analyses suggested that there was no significant difference in the primary endpoint and secondary endpoints (MACE: 11.4% vs 8.8%, log-rank P = .124; cardiac death: 1.2% vs 0.9%, log-rank P = .540; nonfatal MI: 5.7% vs 4%, log-rank P = .177; and TVR: 6% vs 4.7%, log-rank P = .303) in the PS-matched population. Cox regression analysis indicated that SHyper was not an independent risk factor for MACEs (HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.92-1.92, P = .127).

CONCLUSION

SHyper is not independently associated with adverse cardiovascular events in CAD patients undergoing PCI. More studies should be implemented in the future to assess the long-term predictive value of SHyper with thyrotropin levels <0.1 mIU/L for CAD patients undergoing PCI.

Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is 3-10%. The prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHr) is 0.7-9.7%. Thyroid hormones affect cardiac electrophysiology, contractility, and vasculature. SH is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), especially in subjects under 65. SHr seems to be associated with a slightly increased risk of CHD and an increase in CHD-related mortality. Both SH and SHr carry an increased risk of developing heart failure (HF), especially in those under 65. Both SH and SHr are associated with worse prognoses in patients with existing HF. SH is probably not associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). SHr, low normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and high normal free thyroxine (FT4) are all associated with the increased risk of AF. An association between endothelial dysfunction and SH seems to exist. Data regarding the influence of SHr on the peripheral vascular system are conflicting. SH is a risk factor for stroke in subjects under 65. SHr does not increase the risk of stroke. Both SH and SHr have an unfavourable effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. There is a U-shaped curve of mortality in relation to TSH concentrations. A major factor that modifies the relation between subclinical thyroid disease (SCTD) and mortality is age. SH increases blood pressure (BP). SHr has no significant effect on BP. Lipids are increased in patients with SH. In SHr, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein( a) are increased. SCTD should be treated when TSH is over 10 mU/l or under 0.1 mU/l. Treatment indications are less clear when TSH is between normal limits and 0.1 or 10 mU/L. The current state of knowledge supports the understanding of SCTD's role as a risk factor for CVD development. Age is a significant confounding factor, probably due to age-associated changes in the TSH reference levels.

HDL and cancer - causality still needs to be confirmed? Update 2020

An inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and cancer risk has been shown by several epidemiological studies. Some studies have even suggested that HDL-C can be used as a prognostic marker in patients with certain types of cancer. However, whether reduced HDL-C level is a consequential or causal factor in the development and progression of cancer remains a controversial issue. In this review, we update and summarize recent advances that highlight the role of HDL and some of its components in prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of cancer.