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Zhou N, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liu T, Zhang J, Cao Y, Zhang B, Feng W, Zheng X, Li K. Exploring the efficacy mechanism and material basis of three processed Coptidis Rhizoma via metabolomics strategy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 232:115450. [PMID: 37196375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wine/zingiberis rhizoma recens/euodiae fructus processed Coptidis Rhizoma (wCR/zCR/eCR) are the major processed products of CR in clinic, and the role of CR is highlighted in different aspects after being processed with different excipients. To explore the mechanism and material basis for the highlighted efficacy of wCR/zCR/eCR, the metabolomics strategy was introduced to the comparative study between wCR/zCR/eCR and CR. Firstly, the metabolomics approach was applied to compare the chemical profiling and differential components between wCR/zCR/eCR and CR extract. Secondly, the rats were treated with CR/wCR/zCR/eCR extracts and a serum metabolomics approach was adopted to compare the metabolic profiling and significantly changed metabolites in CR/wCR/zCR/eCR groups, base on which the metabolic pathways were enriched, the metabolic network was constructed and the highlighted efficacy wCR/zCR/eCR was investigated. Lastly, the pathological and biochemical assessments (VIP, COX, HSL and HMGR) were implemented to validate the results inferred from metabolomics study. In chemical research, 23 differential components between wCR/zCR/eCR and CR extracts were identified. Thereinto, the content of alkaloids and organic acids decreased in wCR extract, the content of partial alkaloids and most organic acids increased in zCR extract, the content of alkaloids decreased, and partial organic acids increased in eCR extract. In serum metabolomics study, wCR had no outstanding effect, zCR played a more prominent role in resisting inflammation of gastrointestinal tissue by interfering with arachidonic acid metabolism, eCR exhibited the hottest drug property and the strongest effect on smoothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach by interfering with of bile acids biosynthesis. Based on the changes in chemical composition and efficacy before and after processing, as well as biochemical validation, it can be concluded that the above activity of zCR might be related to the increased alkaloids and organic acids in zCR extract, and the prominent role of eCR may be related to the increased organic acids in eCR extract. In brief, hot processing excipients could alleviate the cold property of CR, and different excipients have different effects on the chemical composition and efficacy mechanism. The present study fully reflects the advantage of metabolomics and provides guidance for the rational use of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Zhenkai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Yumin Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Bingxian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Kai Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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Yee SK, Meyer JH, Wong LL. VIP-secreting Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature. AACE Clin Case Rep 2022; 8:158-162. [PMID: 35959082 PMCID: PMC9363508 DOI: 10.1016/j.aace.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe a case of composite vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-secreting pheochromocytoma and review literature to provide insight into the various presentations and potential management of these rare tumors. Case Report A 64-year-old male patient presented with hypertensive emergency and coronary demand ischemia with development of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria syndrome. Serum and urine studies demonstrated elevated metanephrine and VIP levels. Definitive surgical resection resolved symptoms and normalized laboratory values. Pathologic examination of the specimen revealed pheochromocytoma with a Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal gland Scaled Score of 4 and patchy expression of VIP. Discussion Given the different actions of hormones that can be secreted by these composite tumors, we suggest that pheochromocytomas with diversified secretory capabilities may be an underrecognized clinical entity. Localized disease is often amenable to surgical resection, although management of metastatic disease is not well established due to the rarity of these tumors and lack of randomized trials. Conclusion In patients presenting with diarrhea of unclear etiology or the suggestion of secondary hypertension, assessment for a possible neuroendocrine tumor may be prudent. If an adrenal mass is discovered but the patient exhibits atypical symptoms of catecholamine excess, a diagnosis of composite pheochromocytoma with multisecretory properties should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby K. Yee
- University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - John H. Meyer
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Hawaii, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Linda L. Wong
- Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Address correspondence to Correspondence to: Dr Linda L. Wong, Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, 550 South Beretania Street, Suite 403, Honolulu, HI 96813.
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