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Zouaghi Y, Choudhary AM, Irshad S, Adamo M, Rehman KU, Fatima A, Shahid M, Najmi N, De Azevedo Correa F, Habibi I, Boizot A, Niederländer NJ, Ansar M, Santoni F, Acierno J, Pitteloud N. Genome sequencing reveals novel causative structural and single nucleotide variants in Pakistani families with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:787. [PMID: 39143522 PMCID: PMC11325732 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aims to elucidate the genetic causes of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), a rare genetic disorder resulting in GnRH deficiency, in six families from Pakistan. METHODS Eighteen DNA samples from six families underwent genome sequencing followed by standard evaluation for pathogenic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small indels. All families were subsequently analyzed for pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) using CoverageMaster. RESULTS Novel pathogenic homozygous SNVs in known CHH genes were identified in four families: two families with variants in GNRHR, and two others harboring KISS1R variants. Subsequent investigation of CNVs in the remaining two families identified novel unique large deletions in ANOS1. CONCLUSION A combined, systematic analysis of single nucleotide and CNVs helps to improve the diagnostic yield for variants in patients with CHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Zouaghi
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue de La Sallaz 8, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Anbreen Mazhar Choudhary
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Irshad
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Michela Adamo
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue de La Sallaz 8, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | | | - Ambrin Fatima
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Shahid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nida Najmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fernanda De Azevedo Correa
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue de La Sallaz 8, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Imen Habibi
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue de La Sallaz 8, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Boizot
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue de La Sallaz 8, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Niederländer
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue de La Sallaz 8, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Molecular Genetics and Genomics Disease Research and Treatment Centre, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Federico Santoni
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue de La Sallaz 8, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
- , Medigenome, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - James Acierno
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue de La Sallaz 8, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue de La Sallaz 8, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland.
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Bonomi M, Cangiano B, Cianfarani S, Garolla A, Gianfrilli D, Lanfranco F, Rastrelli G, Sbardella E, Corona G, Isidori AM, Rochira V. "Management of andrological disorders from childhood and adolescence to transition age: guidelines from the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) in collaboration with the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP)-Part-1". J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02435-x. [PMID: 39126560 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Andrological pathologies in the adulthood are often the results of conditions that originate during childhood and adolescence and sometimes even during gestation and neonatal period. Unfortunately, the reports in the literature concerning pediatric andrological diseases are scares and mainly concerning single issues. Furthermore, no shared position statement are so far available. METHODS The Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) commissioned an expert task force involving the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP) to provide an updated guideline on the diagnosis and management of andrological disorders from childhood and adolescence to transition age. Derived recommendations were based on the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) system. RESULTS A literature search of articles in English for the term "varicoceles", "gynecomastia", "fertility preservation", "macroorchidism", "precocious puberty" and "pubertal delay" has been performed. Three major aspects for each considered disorder were assessed including diagnosis, clinical management, and treatment. Recommendations and suggestions have been provided for each of the mentioned andrological disorders. CONCLUSIONS These are the first guidelines based on a multidisciplinary approach that involves important societies related to the field of andrological medicine from pediatric to transition and adult ages. This fruitful discussion allowed for a general agreement on several recommendations and suggestions to be reached, which can support all stakeholders in improving andrological and general health of the transitional age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonomi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy.
| | - B Cangiano
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy
| | - S Cianfarani
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Garolla
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - D Gianfrilli
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN Accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - F Lanfranco
- Division of Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Humanitas Gradenigo, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Rastrelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E Sbardella
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN Accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - G Corona
- Endocrinology Unit, Medical Department, Maggiore-Bellaria Hospital, Azienda Usl, Bologna, Italy
| | - A M Isidori
- Section of Medical Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (Endo-ERN Accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - V Rochira
- Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena Policlinico Di Modena, Ospedale Civile Di Baggiovara, Via Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Italy.
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Howard SR, Quinton R. Outcomes and experiences of adults with congenital hypogonadism can inform improvements in the management of delayed puberty. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:1-7. [PMID: 37997801 PMCID: PMC10775020 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Patients with congenital hypogonadism will encounter many health care professionals during their lives managing their health needs; from antenatal and infantile periods, through childhood and adolescence, into adult life and then old age. The pubertal transition from childhood to adult life raises particular challenges for diagnosis, therapy and psychological support, and patients encounter many pitfalls. Many patients with congenital hypogonadism and delayed or absent puberty are only diagnosed and treated after long diagnostic journeys, and their management across different centres and countries is not well standardised. Here we reconsider the management of pubertal delay, whilst addressing problematic diagnostic issues and highlighting the limitations of historic pubertal induction protocols - from the perspective of both an adult and a paediatric endocrinologist, dealing in our everyday work with the long-term adverse consequences to our hypogonadal patients of an incorrect and/or late diagnosis and treatment in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha R. Howard
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal London Children’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard Quinton
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Ichioka K, Yoshikawa T, Kimura H, Saito R. Additional mutation in PROKR2 and phenotypic differences in a Kallmann syndrome/normosmic congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism family carrying FGFR1 missense mutation. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258042. [PMID: 38272512 PMCID: PMC10826480 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a genetically and clinically diverse disorder encompassing Kallmann syndrome (KS) and normosmic CHH (nCHH). Although mutations in numerous genes account for nearly 50% of CHH cases, a significant portion remains genetically uncharacterized. While most mutations follow the traditional Mendelian inheritance patterns, evidence suggests oligogenic interactions between CHH genes, acting as modifier genes to explain variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance associated with certain mutations.In this study, the proband presented with nCHH, while his son exhibited KS. We employed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the genetic differences between the two, and Sanger sequencing was used to validate the results obtained from WES.Genetic analysis revealed that both the proband and his son harboured a mutation in FGFR1 gene. Notably, an additional rare mutation in PROKR2 gene was exclusively identified in the son, which suggests the cause of the phenotypic difference between KS and nCHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ichioka
- Karasumaoike Branch, Ichioka Urological Clinic, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Kimura
- Mens Fertility Clinic Tokyo, Ichioka Urological Clinic Tokyo Branch, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto-shi, Japan
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Koch CA, Dreisbach AW, Fulop T. Diabetes Mellitus, Kidney Disease, and Sense of Taste. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 120:563. [PMID: 37732599 PMCID: PMC10546889 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Koch
- *Dept of Medicine/Endocrinology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN,
| | | | - Tibor Fulop
- ***Dept of Medicine/Nephrology MUSC, Charleston, SC
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