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Nogales F, Pajuelo E, Romero-Herrera I, Carreras O, Merchán F, Carrasco López JA, Ojeda ML. Uncovering the Role of Selenite and Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) in Adolescent Rat Adipose Tissue beyond Oxidative Balance: Transcriptomic Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:750. [PMID: 38929188 PMCID: PMC11200624 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies on adolescent rats, when body composition is changing deeply, reveal that the administration of sodium selenite and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), at the same dose, have opposite effects on adipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT). To investigate the mechanisms involved in these contrasting effects by means of transcriptomic analysis, three groups of male adolescent rats (n = 18) were used: control (C), selenite supplemented (S), and SeNPs supplemented (NS). Both treated groups received a twofold increase in Se dose compared to the control group through water intake for three weeks. Following treatment, WAT was removed and frozen at -80 °C until subsequent use for RNA extraction, endogenous antioxidant enzymatic activities determination, and quantification of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. NS rats displayed a larger number of differentially expressed genes and cellular processes impacted than S rats. Remarkably, these changes involved upregulation of gene expression associated with the immune system, catabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative balance. NS rats presented an increase in antioxidant enzymes activity, alongside an accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde levels. The expression level of 81 genes related to oxidative stress was significantly affected in NS rats. Analyzing the KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that NS rats exhibited increased activity in key catabolic pathways and decreased activity in crucial growth signaling processes. These changes contribute to the mass decrease in WAT found in NS rats. These results suggest a possible application of SeNPs in WAT reduction and induction of the immune response during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Nogales
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.N.); (I.R.-H.); (O.C.)
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Inés Romero-Herrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.N.); (I.R.-H.); (O.C.)
| | - Olimpia Carreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.N.); (I.R.-H.); (O.C.)
| | - Francisco Merchán
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.P.); (F.M.)
| | - José A. Carrasco López
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (E.P.); (F.M.)
| | - María Luisa Ojeda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (F.N.); (I.R.-H.); (O.C.)
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Xiu W, Lin J, Hu Y, Tang H, Wu S, Yang C. Assessing multiple factors affecting the gut microbiome structure of very preterm infants. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e13186. [PMID: 38088676 PMCID: PMC10712283 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition and diversity of the gut microbiota are essential for the health and development of the immune system of infants. However, there is limited information on factors that influence the gut microbiota of very preterm infants. In this study, we analyzed factors that affect the gut microbiota of very preterm infants. The stool samples from 64 very preterm infants with a gestational age less than 32 weeks were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The infants were divided according to the delivery mode, antibiotic use during pregnancy, and feeding methods. The abundance of Proteobacteria was high in both cesarean (92.7%) and spontaneous (55.5%) delivery groups and then shifted to Firmicutes after the first week of birth. In addition, Proteobacteria was also the dominant phylum of infant gut microbiome for mothers with antibiotic use, with more than 50% after the first week of birth. In comparison, the dominant phylum for mothers without antibiotic use was Firmicutes. Proteobacteria level was also high in breastfeeding and mixed-feeding groups, consisting of more than 90% of the community. By contrast, Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum at the first week of birth but then shifted to Firmicutes for the formula-fed group. The alterations of gut microbiota in infants can affect their health condition during growth. This study confirmed that the different feeding types, delivery modes, and use of antibiotics during pregnancy can significantly affect the composition of the gut microbiota of very preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Xiu
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Heng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangchan Wu
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Changyi Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Wang H, Li H, Li Z, Feng L, Peng L. Evaluation of Prebiotic Activity of Stellariae Radix Polysaccharides and Its Effects on Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:4843. [PMID: 38004237 PMCID: PMC10675217 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the prebiotic potential of polysaccharides derived from Stellariae Radix (SRPs) and explore their influence on the gut microbiota composition in mice. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum were cultivated in an MRS medium, while their growth kinetics, clumping behavior, sugar utilization, pH variation, growth density, and probiotic index were meticulously monitored. Additionally, the impact of crude Stellariae Radix polysaccharides (CSRP) on the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in mice was assessed via 16S rDNA sequencing. The results demonstrated the remarkable ability of CSRPs to stimulate the proliferation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. Moreover, the oral administration of CSRPs to mice led to a noticeable increase in beneficial bacterial populations and a concurrent decrease in detrimental bacterial populations within the intestinal flora. These findings provided an initial validation of CSRPs as a promising agent in maintaining the equilibrium of gut microbiota in mice, thereby offering a substantial theoretical foundation for developing Stellariae Radix as a prebiotic ingredient in various applications, including food, healthcare products, and animal feed. Furthermore, this study presented novel insights for the exploration and utilization of Stellariae Radix resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.W.); (H.L.)
- College of Resource and Environment and Life Science, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Haishan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhenkai Li
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Lu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Li Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (H.W.); (H.L.)
- Ningxia Natural Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Hu M, Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhou H, You Y, Xue Z. Complex interplay of gut microbiota between obesity and asthma in children. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1264356. [PMID: 38029078 PMCID: PMC10655108 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important risk factor and common comorbidity of childhood asthma. Simultaneously, obesity-related asthma, a distinct asthma phenotype, has attracted significant attention owing to its association with more severe clinical manifestations, poorer disease control, and reduced quality of life. The establishment of the gut microbiota during early life is essential for maintaining metabolic balance and fostering the development of the immune system in children. Microbial dysbiosis influences host lipid metabolism, triggers chronic low-grade inflammation, and affects immune responses. It is intimately linked to the susceptibility to childhood obesity and asthma and plays a potentially crucial transitional role in the progression of obesity-related asthma. This review article summarizes the latest research on the interplay between asthma and obesity, with a particular focus on the mediating role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity-related asthma. This study aims to provide valuable insight to enhance our understanding of this condition and offer preliminary evidence to support the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yannan You
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ojeda ML, Nogales F, Carrasco López JA, Gallego-López MDC, Carreras O, Alcudia A, Pajuelo E. Microbiota-Liver-Bile Salts Axis, a Novel Mechanism Involved in the Contrasting Effects of Sodium Selenite and Selenium-Nanoparticle Supplementation on Adipose Tissue Development in Adolescent Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051123. [PMID: 37237989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period during which body composition changes deeply. Selenium (Se) is an excellent antioxidant trace element related to cell growth and endocrine function. In adolescent rats, low Se supplementation affects adipocyte development differently depending on its form of administration (selenite or Se nanoparticles (SeNPs). Despite this effect being related to oxidative, insulin-signaling and autophagy processes, the whole mechanism is not elucidated. The microbiota-liver-bile salts secretion axis is related to lipid homeostasis and adipose tissue development. Therefore, the colonic microbiota and total bile salts homeostasis were explored in four experimental groups of male adolescent rats: control, low-sodium selenite supplementation, low SeNP supplementation and moderate SeNPs supplementation. SeNPs were obtained by reducing Se tetrachloride in the presence of ascorbic acid. Supplementation was received orally through water intake; low-Se rats received twice more Se than control animals and moderate-Se rats tenfold more. Supplementation with low doses of Se clearly affected anaerobic colonic microbiota profile and bile salts homeostasis. However, these effects were different depending on the Se administration form. Selenite supplementation primarily affected liver by decreasing farnesoid X receptor hepatic function, leading to the accumulation of hepatic bile salts together to increase in the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. In contrast, low SeNP levels mainly affected microbiota, moving them towards a more prominent Gram-negative profile in which the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Muribaculaceae was clearly enhanced and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio decreased. This bacterial profile is directly related to lower adipose tissue mass. Moreover, low SeNP administration did not modify bile salts pool in serum circulation. In addition, specific gut microbiota was regulated upon administration of low levels of Se in the forms of selenite or SeNPs, which are properly discussed. On its side, moderate-SeNPs administration led to great dysbiosis and enhanced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, being considered toxic. These results strongly correlate with the deep change in adipose mass previously found in these animals, indicating that the microbiota-liver-bile salts axis is also mechanistically involved in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Ojeda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fátima Nogales
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Carrasco López
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Olimpia Carreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Alcudia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Zheng X, Wang H, Wu H. Association between diet quality scores and risk of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:169. [PMID: 37046233 PMCID: PMC10100112 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the associations of diet quality assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data of participants aged 2-19 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. The weighted logistic regression model was adopted to explore the association between diet quality scores and overweight, obesity in children and adolescents. Subgroup analysis was also performed based on sex. RESULTS A total of 9,724 participants were included in children group (2-11 years old), and 5,934 were adolescent group (12-19 years old). All participants were divided into based on the BMI-for-age: underweight and normal, overweight and obesity groups. After adjusting for age, race, poverty-income ratio, maternal smoking during pregnancy and total energy, HEI-2015 and MedDiet scores were related to the risk of overweight in children, and only MedDiet scores remained associated with a decreased risk of obesity in children. MedDiet scores were associated with a decreased risk of overweight, obesity in adolescents, respectively, after adjusting age, sex, race, poverty-income ratio, cotinine, total energy and physical activity. The similar results in male participants were also found. CONCLUSION Higher MedDiet scores were associated with lower the risk of overweight and obesity, respectively, particularly for male children and adolescents. The higher HEI-2015 scores were also related to the risk of overweight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zheng
- Department of Child Health, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No.745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Child Health, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No.745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- Department of Child Health, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, No.745 Wuluo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China
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Jach ME, Serefko A, Szopa A, Sajnaga E, Golczyk H, Santos LS, Borowicz-Reutt K, Sieniawska E. The Role of Probiotics and Their Metabolites in the Treatment of Depression. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073213. [PMID: 37049975 PMCID: PMC10096791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and complex mental and emotional disorder that causes disability, morbidity, and quite often mortality around the world. Depression is closely related to several physical and metabolic conditions causing metabolic depression. Studies have indicated that there is a relationship between the intestinal microbiota and the brain, known as the gut–brain axis. While this microbiota–gut–brain connection is disturbed, dysfunctions of the brain, immune system, endocrine system, and gastrointestinal tract occur. Numerous studies show that intestinal dysbiosis characterized by abnormal microbiota and dysfunction of the microbiota–gut–brain axis could be a direct cause of mental and emotional disorders. Traditional treatment of depression includes psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, and it mainly targets the brain. However, restoration of the intestinal microbiota and functions of the gut–brain axis via using probiotics, their metabolites, prebiotics, and healthy diet may alleviate depressive symptoms. Administration of probiotics labeled as psychobiotics and their metabolites as metabiotics, especially as an adjuvant to antidepressants, improves mental disorders. It is a new approach to the prevention, management, and treatment of mental and emotional illnesses, particularly major depressive disorder and metabolic depression. For the effectiveness of antidepressant therapy, psychobiotics should be administered at a dose higher than 1 billion CFU/day for at least 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Elżbieta Jach
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Sajnaga
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hieronim Golczyk
- Department of Molecular Biology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leandro Soares Santos
- Department of Animal and Rural Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga 45700-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Kinga Borowicz-Reutt
- Independent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Comorbidity of functional bowel disorders and obesity in terms of microbiome. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ecosystem of the gut plays a fundamental role in the normal functioning of the metabolic and immune systems. Functional bowel disease and obesity are highly prevalent in the population and place a heavy burden on healthcare system. Both comorbidity and multimorbidity are considered to be common for obesity and intestinal functional disorders. Changes in the microbiota can be both the cause and consequence of each disease: intestinal functional disorder changes the composition of the microbiota, resulting in obesity, and vice versa. Intestinal functional disorders and obesity are characterized by a similar type of dysbiosis.The aim of the review is to analyze the research findings available to date in order to establish the relationship between the gut microbiome, functional bowel disease and obesity. The researches have shown that patients with intestinal functional disorders have a different gut microbiome than healthy individuals. For intestinal functional disorders, the general patterns of the intestinal microbiota composition were described, and the characteristic taxonomic groups of bacteria were identified. On the other side, it must be noted that there is no clear correlation between intestinal functional disorders and obesity in terms of the microbiota. This can be explained by the high heterogeneity of intestinal functional disorders, as well as by the lack of a unified approach to creating a study design, by different sizes of population samples and also by different diagnostic criteria. The necessity to determine the criteria in the development of the design of future studies is discussed.
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