Leptin/adiponectin ratio as a prognostic factor for increased weight gain in girls with central precocious puberty

Correlation of Adiponectin and Leptin with Anthropometrics and Behavioral and Physical Performance in Overweight and Obese Chinese College Students

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of leptin (LEP) and adiponectin (ADPN) with other circulating fat markers, physical capacity, behaviors, and anthropometric indices in a population of overweight and obese Chinese university students. LEP and ADPN levels, as well as behavioral, anthropometric, biochemical, and performance characteristics, were measured.

METHOD

A total of 17 anthropometric parameters, 8 questionnaires (investigating quality of life, sleep, eating, perceived functioning, stress, and depression), 9 biochemical parameters, and 12 functional parameters were investigated.

RESULTS

In contrast to previous studies, our work found an unusually strong relationship between LEP and ADPN (r = 0.961, p = 0.000) that can be related to ethnicity. We also found that LEP and ADPN were associated with stress and bodily pain. A total of 12 anthropometric measures were also associated with LEP/ADNP levels. Moreover, LEP and ADPN were found to be related to lower limb, hand, and abdominal strength; blood pressure; and basic metabolism. However, we did not find associations with sleep; eating habits; or cardiovascular fitness, which was measured in the form of resting heart rate and VO2max.

CONCLUSION

This study reveals new relationships of LEP and ADPN with selected anthropometric and behavioral parameters in obese Chinese college students.

Associations of Childhood Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers With Adolescent PCOS

OBJECTIVE

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is common among females, with significant metabolic and reproductive comorbidities. We describe PCOS development in a pediatric population.

METHODS

We assessed cardiometabolic biomarkers and adiposity at the midchildhood (mean 7.9 y), early teen (mean 13.1 y), and midteen (mean 17.8 y) visits among 417 females in the prospective Project Viva cohort. We defined PCOS via self-reported diagnosis or ovulatory dysfunction with hyperandrogenism in midlate adolescence. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations of metabolic and adiposity markers at each visit with PCOS.

RESULTS

Adolescents with PCOS (n = 56, 13%) versus without had higher mean (SD) BMI z-score and truncal fat mass at the midchildhood (0.66 [0.99] vs 0.30 [1.04]; 3.5 kg [2.6] vs 2.7 [1.5]), early teen (0.88 [1.01] vs 0.25 [1.08]; 9.4 kg [6.7] vs 6.1 [3.4]), and midteen (0.78 [1.03] vs 0.33 [0.97]; 11.6 kg [7.2] vs 9.1 [4.9]) visits as well as lower adiponectin to leptin ratio at the early (0.65 [0.69] vs 1.04 [0.97]) and midteen (0.33 [0.26] vs 0.75 [1.21]) visits. In models adjusted for maternal PCOS, education and child race and ethnicity (social factors), we found higher odds of PCOS per 1-SD increase in truncal fat at midchildhood (odds ratio [OR] 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.95) and early teen visits (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.14-2.28) and lower odds per 1-SD increase in adiponectin/leptin ratio at the midteen visit (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03-0.58).

CONCLUSIONS

Childhood excess adiposity and adipose tissue dysfunction may be a first signs of later PCOS risk.

Postnatal feeding with high-fat combined with high-glucose diet induces precocious puberty in Sprague‒Dawley rat pups

With economic development and overnutrition, including high-fat diets (HFD) and high-glucose diets (HGD), the incidence of obesity in children is increasing, and thus, the incidence of precocious puberty is increasing. Therefore, it is of great importance to construct a suitable animal model of overnutrition-induced precocious puberty for further in-depth study. Here, we fed a HFD, HGD, or HFD combined with a HGD to pups after P-21 weaning, while weaned pups fed a normal diet served as the control group. The results showed that HFD combined with a HGD increased the body weight (BW) of weaned rat pups. In addition, a HFD, HGD, and HFD combined with a HGD lowered the age at which vaginal opening occurred and accelerated the vaginal cell cycle. Furthermore, a HFD combined with a HGD increased the weight of the uterus and ovaries of weaned rat pups. Additionally, a HFD combined with a HGD promoted the development of reproductive organs in weaned female rat pups. Ultimately, a HFD combined with a HGD was found to elevate the serum levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), leptin, adiponectin, and oestradiol (E2) and increase hypothalamic GnRH, Kiss-1, and GPR54 expression levels in weaned female rat pups. The current study found that overnutrition, such as that through a HFD combined with HGD, could induce precocious puberty in weaned female rat pups. In addition, a rat model of overnutrition-induced precocious puberty was established.