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Akinci G, Alyaarubi S, Patni N, Alhashmi N, Al-Shidhani A, Prodam F, Gagne N, Babalola F, Al Senani A, Muniraj K, Elsayed SM, Beghini M, Saydam BO, Allawati M, Vaishnav MS, Can E, Simsir IY, Sorkina E, Dursun F, Kamrath C, Cavdar U, Chakraborty PP, Dogan OA, Al Hosin A, Al Maimani A, Comunoglu N, Hamed A, Huseinbegovic T, Scherer T, Curtis J, Brown RJ, Topaloglu H, Simha V, Wabitsch M, Tuysuz B, Oral EA, Akinci B, Garg A. Metabolic and other morbid complications in congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63533. [PMID: 38234231 PMCID: PMC11060913 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality rates in patients with autosomal recessive, congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4 (CGL4), an ultra-rare disorder, remain unclear. We report on 30 females and 16 males from 10 countries with biallelic null variants in CAVIN1 gene (mean age, 12 years; range, 2 months to 41 years). Hypertriglyceridemia was seen in 79% (34/43), hepatic steatosis in 82% (27/33) but diabetes mellitus in only 21% (8/44). Myopathy with elevated serum creatine kinase levels (346-3325 IU/L) affected all of them (38/38). 39% had scoliosis (10/26) and 57% had atlantoaxial instability (8/14). Cardiac arrhythmias were detected in 57% (20/35) and 46% had ventricular tachycardia (16/35). Congenital pyloric stenosis was diagnosed in 39% (18/46), 9 had esophageal dysmotility and 19 had intestinal dysmotility. Four patients suffered from intestinal perforations. Seven patients died at mean age of 17 years (range: 2 months to 39 years). The cause of death in four patients was cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death, while others died of prematurity, gastrointestinal perforation, and infected foot ulcers leading to sepsis. Our study highlights high prevalence of myopathy, metabolic abnormalities, cardiac, and gastrointestinal problems in patients with CGL4. CGL4 patients are at high risk of early death mainly caused by cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Akinci
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Health Sciences, Izmir Faculty of Medicine, Behcet Uz Children’s Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Nivedita Patni
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nadia Alhashmi
- Clinical and Biochemical Genetics Department, Child Health Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Flavia Prodam
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Nancy Gagne
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Funmbi Babalola
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aisha Al Senani
- National Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Kavitha Muniraj
- Samatvam Diabetes Endocrinology and Medical Center, Bangalore, India
| | - Solaf M. Elsayed
- Medical Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marianna Beghini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Madhumati S Vaishnav
- Samatvam Diabetes Endocrinology and Medical Center, Bangalore, India
- Indian Institute of Science, Center for Nano Science and Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Ender Can
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Gaziantep Children’s Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Ekaterina Sorkina
- Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
- Clinical Research Facility, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fatma Dursun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Clemens Kamrath
- Centre of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany
| | - Umit Cavdar
- Division of Endocrinology, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Partha P. Chakraborty
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical College Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Ozlem Akgun Dogan
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Nil Comunoglu
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Hamed
- Child Health Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Tea Huseinbegovic
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Scherer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Curtis
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca J. Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haluk Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vinaya Simha
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beyhan Tuysuz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif A. Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND), Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Baris Akinci
- DEPARK, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Al Yaarubi S, Alsagheir A, Al Shidhani A, Alzelaye S, Alghazir N, Brema I, Alsaffar H, Al Dubayee M, Alshahrani A, Abdelmeguid Y, Omar OM, Attia N, Al Amiri E, Al Jubeh J, Algethami A, Alkhayyat H, Haleem A, Al Yahyaei M, Khochtali I, Babli S, Nugud A, Thalange N, Albalushi S, Hergli N, Deeb A, Alfadhel M. Analysis of disease characteristics of a large patient cohort with congenital generalized lipodystrophy from the Middle East and North Africa. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:118. [PMID: 38481246 PMCID: PMC10935864 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare inherited disease characterized by a near-total absence of adipose tissue and is associated with organ system abnormalities and severe metabolic complications. Here, we have analyzed the disease characteristics of the largest CGL cohort from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) who have not received lipodystrophy-specific treatment. METHODS CGL was diagnosed clinically by treating physicians through physical assessment and supported by genetic analysis, fat loss patterns, family history, and the presence of parental consanguinity. Data were obtained at the time of patient diagnosis and during leptin-replacement naïve follow-up visits as permitted by available medical records. RESULTS Data from 43 patients with CGL (37 females, 86%) were collected from centers located in eight countries. The mean (median, range) age at diagnosis was 5.1 (1.0, at birth-37) years. Genetic analysis of the overall cohort showed that CGL1 (n = 14, 33%) and CGL2 (n = 18, 42%) were the predominant CGL subtypes followed by CGL4 (n = 10, 23%); a genetic diagnosis was unavailable for one patient (2%). There was a high prevalence of parental consanguinity (93%) and family history (67%) of lipodystrophy, with 64% (n = 25/39) and 51% (n = 20/39) of patients presenting with acromegaloid features and acanthosis nigricans, respectively. Eighty-one percent (n = 35/43) of patients had at least one organ abnormality; the most frequently affected organs were the liver (70%, n = 30/43), the cardiovascular system (37%, n = 16/43) and the spleen (33%, n = 14/43). Thirteen out of 28 (46%) patients had HbA1c > 5.7% and 20/33 (61%) had triglyceride levels > 2.26 mmol/L (200 mg/dl). Generally, patients diagnosed in adolescence or later had a greater severity of metabolic disease versus those diagnosed during childhood; however, metabolic and organ system abnormalities were observed in a subset of patients diagnosed before or at 1 year of age. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests that in addition to the early onset of fat loss, family history and high consanguinity enable the identification of young patients with CGL in the MENA region. In patients with CGL who have not received lipodystrophy-specific treatment, severe metabolic disease and organ abnormalities can develop by late childhood and worsen with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afaf Alsagheir
- Pediatrics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza Al Shidhani
- Department of Child Health, Division of Endocrinology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Somaya Alzelaye
- Center of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Al-Qunfudah General Hospital, Makkah Province, Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Alghazir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli University Hospital, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Imad Brema
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alsaffar
- Department of Child Health, Division of Endocrinology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al Dubayee
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Omneya M Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Najya Attia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Al Amiri
- Al Qassimi Women & Children Hospital, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jamal Al Jubeh
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Haya Alkhayyat
- Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Azad Haleem
- University of Duhok/College of Medicine, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Mouza Al Yahyaei
- National Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ines Khochtali
- Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Saleha Babli
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nugud
- Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nandu Thalange
- Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Asma Deeb
- Pediatric Endocrine Division, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City & College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Majid Alfadhel
- Genetic and Precision Medicine Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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