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Hardison EA, Eliason EJ. Diet effects on ectotherm thermal performance. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1537-1555. [PMID: 38616524 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The environment is changing rapidly, and considerable research is aimed at understanding the capacity of organisms to respond. Changes in environmental temperature are particularly concerning as most animals are ectothermic, with temperature considered a key factor governing their ecology, biogeography, behaviour and physiology. The ability of ectotherms to persist in an increasingly warm, variable, and unpredictable future will depend on their nutritional status. Nutritional resources (e.g. food availability, quality, options) vary across space and time and in response to environmental change, but animals also have the capacity to alter how much they eat and what they eat, which may help them improve their performance under climate change. In this review, we discuss the state of knowledge in the intersection between animal nutrition and temperature. We take a mechanistic approach to describe nutrients (i.e. broad macronutrients, specific lipids, and micronutrients) that may impact thermal performance and discuss what is currently known about their role in ectotherm thermal plasticity, thermoregulatory behaviour, diet preference, and thermal tolerance. We finish by describing how this topic can inform ectotherm biogeography, behaviour, and aquaculture research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hardison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, USA
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2
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Gjoni V, Marchessaux G, Glazier DS, Wesner JS, Bosch-Belmar M, Mancuso FP, Tantillo MF, Marsiglia N, Sarà G. Metabolic scaling of an invasive mussel depends on temperature and chemical cues from an invasive predator. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20240066. [PMID: 38836647 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism drives various biological processes, potentially influencing the ecological success and evolutionary fitness of species. Understanding diverse metabolic rates is fundamental in biology. Mechanisms underlying adaptation to factors like temperature and predation pressure remain unclear. Our study explored the role of temperature and predation pressure in shaping the metabolic scaling of an invasive mussel species (Brachidontes pharaonis). Specifically, we performed laboratory-based experiments to assess the effects of phenotypic plasticity on the metabolic scaling by exposing the mussels to water conditions with and without predator cues from another invasive species (the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus) across various temperature regimes. We found that temperature effects on metabolic scaling of the invasive mussels are mediated by the presence of chemical cues of an invasive predator, the blue crab. Investigating temperature-predator interactions underscores the importance of studying the ecological effects of global warming. Our research advances our understanding of how environmental factors jointly impact physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gjoni
- Department of Earth and Marine Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center , Palermo, Italy
| | - G Marchessaux
- Department of Earth and Marine Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center , Palermo, Italy
| | - D S Glazier
- Department of Biology, Juniata College , Huntingdon, PA, USA
| | - J S Wesner
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota , Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - M Bosch-Belmar
- Department of Earth and Marine Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center , Palermo, Italy
| | - F P Mancuso
- Department of Earth and Marine Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center , Palermo, Italy
| | - M F Tantillo
- Department of Earth and Marine Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center , Palermo, Italy
| | - N Marsiglia
- Department of Earth and Marine Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center , Palermo, Italy
| | - G Sarà
- Department of Earth and Marine Science (DiSTeM), University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center , Palermo, Italy
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Emergent effects of global change on consumption depend on consumers and their resources in marine systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2108878119. [PMID: 35446691 PMCID: PMC9173678 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108878119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effects of global change on species interactions is important for predicting emergent ecosystem changes. Although environmental change can have direct effects on consumers, it is unclear if consumption will change in any generalizable way when both the consumer and resource(s) are exposed to future conditions. Using meta-analysis, we show high variability in consumption rates in response to ocean acidification and warming, indicating conclusions that suggest consumption will generally increase or decrease in a future ocean are premature. We also demonstrate how the interpretation is dependent on whether only the consumer or both the consumer and its resource(s) are exposed to future conditions. Based on these findings, we provide a road map for future research in this area. A better understanding of how environmental change will affect species interactions would significantly aid efforts to scale up predictions of near-future responses to global change from individuals to ecosystems. To address this need, we used meta-analysis to quantify the individual and combined effects of ocean acidification (OA) and warming on consumption rates of predators and herbivores in marine ecosystems. Although the primary studies demonstrated that these environmental variables can have direct effects on consumers, our analyses highlight high variability in consumption rates in response to OA and warming. This variability likely reflects differences in local adaptation among species, as well as important methodological differences. For example, our results suggest that exposure of consumers to OA reduces consumption rates on average, yet consumption rates actually increase when both consumers and their resource(s) are concurrently exposed to the same conditions. We hypothesize that this disparity is due to increased vulnerability of prey or resource(s) in conditions of OA that offset declines in consumption. This hypothesis is supported by an analysis demonstrating clear declines in prey survival in studies that exposed only prey to future OA conditions. Our results illustrate how simultaneous OA and warming produce complex outcomes when species interact. Researchers should further explore other potential sources of variation in response, as well as the prey-driven component of any changes in consumption and the potential for interactive effects of OA and warming.
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Hardison EA, Kraskura K, Van Wert J, Nguyen T, Eliason EJ. Diet mediates thermal performance traits: implications for marine ectotherms. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272691. [PMID: 34647599 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermal acclimation is a key process enabling ectotherms to cope with temperature change. To undergo a successful acclimation response, ectotherms require energy and nutritional building blocks obtained from their diet. However, diet is often overlooked as a factor that can alter acclimation responses. Using a temperate omnivorous fish, opaleye (Girella nigricans), as a model system, we tested the hypotheses that (1) diet can impact the magnitude of thermal acclimation responses and (2) traits vary in their sensitivity to both temperature acclimation and diet. We fed opaleye a simple omnivorous diet (ad libitum Artemia sp. and Ulva sp.) or a carnivorous diet (ad libitum Artemia sp.) at two ecologically relevant temperatures (12 and 20°C) and measured a suite of whole-animal (growth, sprint speed, metabolism), organ (cardiac thermal tolerance) and cellular-level traits (oxidative stress, glycolytic capacity). When opaleye were offered two diet options compared with one, they had reduced cardiovascular thermal performance and higher standard metabolic rate under conditions representative of the maximal seasonal temperature the population experiences (20°C). Further, sprint speed and absolute aerobic scope were insensitive to diet and temperature, while growth was highly sensitive to temperature but not diet, and standard metabolic rate and maximum heart rate were sensitive to both diet and temperature. Our results reveal that diet influences thermal performance in trait-specific ways, which could create diet trade-offs for generalist ectotherms living in thermally variable environments. Ectotherms that alter their diet may be able to regulate their performance at different environmental temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hardison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Krista Kraskura
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jacey Van Wert
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Tina Nguyen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Gjoni V, Basset A, Glazier DS. Temperature and predator cues interactively affect ontogenetic metabolic scaling of aquatic amphipods. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20200267. [PMID: 32673549 PMCID: PMC7423044 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A common belief is that body mass scaling of metabolic rate results chiefly from intrinsic body-design constraints. However, several studies have shown that multiple ecological factors affect metabolic scaling. The mechanistic basis of these effects is largely unknown. Here, we explore whether abiotic and biotic environmental factors have interactive effects on metabolic scaling. To address this question, we studied the simultaneous effects of temperature and predator cues on the ontogenetic metabolic scaling of amphipod crustaceans inhabiting two different aquatic ecosystems, a freshwater spring and a saltwater lagoon. We assessed effects of phenotypic plasticity on metabolic scaling by exposing amphipods in the laboratory to water with and without fish cues at multiple temperatures. Temperature interacts significantly with predator cues to affect metabolic scaling. Our results suggest that metabolic scaling is highly malleable in response to short-term acclimation. The interactive effects of temperature and predators show the importance of studying effects of global warming in realistic ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Gjoni
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Ecotekne 73100, LE, Italy
| | - A. Basset
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, Ecotekne 73100, LE, Italy
| | - D. S. Glazier
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
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Ruiz T, Koussoroplis A, Danger M, Aguer J, Morel‐Desrosiers N, Bec A. U‐shaped response Unifies views on temperature dependency of stoichiometric requirements. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:860-869. [PMID: 32212238 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ruiz
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LMGE Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | | | | | - Jean‐Pierre Aguer
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LMGE Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | | | - Alexandre Bec
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LMGE Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
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Glazier DS, Borrelli JJ, Hoffman CL. Effects of Fish Predators on the Mass-Related Energetics of a Keystone Freshwater Crustacean. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9030040. [PMID: 32106435 PMCID: PMC7150980 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how predators or their cues affect the acquisition and allocation of energy throughout the ontogeny of prey organisms. To address this question, we have been comparing the ontogenetic body-mass scaling of various traits related to energy intake and use between populations of a keystone amphipod crustacean inhabiting freshwater springs, with versus without fish predators. In this progress report, we analyze new and previously reported data to develop a synthetic picture of how the presence/absence of fish predators affects the scaling of food assimilation, fat content, metabolism, growth and reproduction in populations of Gammarus minus located in central Pennsylvania (USA). Our analysis reveals two major clusters of ‘symmorphic allometry’ (parallel scaling relationships) for traits related to somatic versus reproductive investment. In the presence of fish predators, the scaling exponents for somatic traits tend to decrease, whereas those for reproductive traits tend to increase. This divergence of scaling exponents reflects an intensified trade-off between somatic and reproductive investments resulting from low adult survival in the face of size-selective predation. Our results indicate the value of an integrated view of the ontogenetic size-specific energetics of organisms and its response to both top-down (predation) and bottom-up (resource supply) effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S. Glazier
- Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA 16652, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-641-3584
| | - Jonathan J. Borrelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA;
| | - Casandra L. Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VI 22908, USA;
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Van Dievel M, Tüzün N, Stoks R. Latitude-associated evolution and drivers of thermal response curves in body stoichiometry. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1961-1972. [PMID: 31408526 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Trait-based studies are needed to understand the plastic and genetic responses of organisms to warming. A neglected organismal trait is elemental composition, despite its potential to cascade into effects on the ecosystem level. Warming is predicted to shape elemental composition through shifts in storage molecules associated with responses in growth, body size and metabolic rate. Our goals were to quantify thermal response patterns in body composition and to obtain insights into their underlying drivers and their evolution across latitudes. We reconstructed the thermal response curves (TRCs) for body elemental composition [C (carbon), N (nitrogen) and the C:N ratio] of damselfly larvae from high- and low-latitude populations. Additionally, we quantified the TRCs for survival, growth and development rates and body size to assess local thermal adaptation, as well as the TRCs for metabolic rate and key macromolecules (proteins, fat, sugars and cuticular melanin and chitin) as these may underlie the elemental TRCs. All larvae died at 36°C. Up to 32°C, low-latitude larvae increased growth and development rates and did not suffer increased mortality. Instead, growth and development rates of high-latitude larvae were lower and levelled off at 24°C, and mortality increased at 32°C. This latitude-associated thermal adaptation pattern matched the 'hotter-is-better' hypothesis. With increasing temperatures, low-latitude larvae decreased C:N, while high-latitude larvae increased C:N. These patterns were driven by associated changes in N contents, while C contents did not respond to temperature. Consistent with the temperature-size rule and the thermal melanism hypothesis, body size and melanin levels decreased with warming. While all traits and associated macromolecules (except for metabolic rate that showed thermal compensation) assumed to underlie thermal responses in elemental composition showed thermal plasticity, these were largely independent and none could explain the stoichiometric TRCs. Our results highlight that thermal responses in elemental composition cannot be explained by traditionally assumed drivers, asking for a broader perspective including the thermal dependence of elemental fluxes. Another key implication is that thermal evolution can reverse the plastic stoichiometric thermal responses and hence reverse how warming may shape food web dynamics through changes in body composition at different latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Van Dievel
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nedim Tüzün
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Guariento RD, Luttbeg B, Carneiro LS, Caliman A. Prey adaptive behaviour under predation risk modify stoichiometry predictions of predator‐induced stress paradigms. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barney Luttbeg
- Department of Integrative BiologyOklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
| | | | - Adriano Caliman
- Department of EcologyFederal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
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