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Yang J, Xu Q, Shen W, Jiang Z, Gu X, Li F, Li B, Wei J. The Toll/IMD pathways mediate host protection against dipteran parasitoids. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 153:104614. [PMID: 38272205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Parasitoids have utilized a variety of strategies to counteract host defense. They are in different taxonomic status and exhibit phenotypic and genetic diversity, and thus are thought to evolve distinct anti-defense mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the performance of two closely related parasitoids, Exorista japonica and Exorista sorbillans (Diptera: Tachinidae) that are biological control agents in agriculture and major insect pests in sericulture, on the host Bombyx mori. We show that the host is more susceptible to E. sorbillans infection while relatively resistant to E. japonica infection. Moreover, the expression levels of host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) genes are repressed at early infection and induced at late infection of E. japonica, while AMPs are over-expressed at early infection and return to normal levels at late infection of E. sorbillans. In parallel, Toll and IMD pathway genes are generally induced at late infection of E. japonica, whereas these genes are up-regulated at early infection and down-regulated at late infection of E. sorbillans. Activating of host Toll/IMD pathways and AMPs expression by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) represses the larval growth of E. sorbillans. Conversely, inhibiting host Toll/IMD pathways by RNA interference significantly promotes E. japonica development. Therefore, the Toll/IMD pathways are required in the host for defense against infection of dipteran parasitoids. Overall, our study provides the new insight into the diversified host-parasitoid interactions, and offers a theoretical basis for further studies of the adaptive mechanism of dipteran parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Wenwen Shen
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinran Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, China.
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Jego L, Li R, Roudine S, Ma CS, Le Lann C, Ma G, van Baaren J. Parasitoid ecology along geographic gradients: lessons for climate change studies. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 57:101036. [PMID: 37061184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One method to study the impact of climate change on host-parasitoid relationships is to compare populations along geographical gradients in latitude, altitude, or longitude. Indeed, temperatures, which vary along geographic gradients, directly shape the life traits of parasitoids and indirectly shift their populations through trophic interactions with hosts and plants. We explored the pros and cons of using these comparisons along gradients. We highlighted that the longitudinal gradients, although understudied, are well correlated to winter warming and summer heat waves and we draw attention to the impact of the increase in extreme events, which will probably be the determining parameters of the effect of climate change on host-parasitoid relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Jego
- UMR-CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Ruining Li
- UMR-CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France; Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China; School of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 071002 Baoding, China
| | - Sacha Roudine
- UMR-CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Chun-Sen Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China; School of Life Science, Institutes of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, 071002 Baoding, China
| | - Cécile Le Lann
- UMR-CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Gang Ma
- Climate Change Biology Research Group, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Joan van Baaren
- UMR-CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Gal Leclerc, 35042 Rennes cedex, France.
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Tepa‐Yotto GT, Gouwakinnou GN, Fagbohoun JR, Tamò M, Sæthre M. Horizon scanning to assess the bioclimatic potential for the alien species Spodoptera eridania and its parasitoids after pest detection in West and Central Africa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4437-4446. [PMID: 33991052 PMCID: PMC8453867 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The southern armyworm (SAW) Spodoptera eridania (Stoll) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is native to the tropical Americas where the pest can feed on more than 100 plant species. SAW was recently detected in West and Central Africa, feeding on various crops including cassava, cotton, amaranth and tomato. The current work was carried out to predict the potential spatial distribution of SAW and four of its co-evolved parasitoids at a global scale using the maximum entropy (Maxent) algorithm. RESULTS SAW may not be a huge problem outside its native range (the Americas) for the time being, but may compromise crop yields in specific hotspots in coming years. The analysis of its potential distribution anticipates that the pest might easily migrate east and south from Cameroon and Gabon. CONCLUSION The models used generally demonstrate that all the parasitoids considered are good candidates for the biological control of SAW globally, except they will not be able to establish in specific climates. The current paper discusses the potential role of biological control using parasitoids as a crucial component of a durable climate-smart integrated management of SAW to support decision making in Africa and in other regions of bioclimatic suitability. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislain T Tepa‐Yotto
- Biorisk Management FacilityInternational Institute of Tropical AgricultureCotonouBenin
- Ecole de Gestion et de Production Végétale et SemencièreUniversité Nationale d'AgricultureKétouBenin
| | - Gérard N Gouwakinnou
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, de Botanique et de Biologie végétaleFaculté d'Agronomie, Université de ParakouParakouBenin
| | - Johannes R Fagbohoun
- Biorisk Management FacilityInternational Institute of Tropical AgricultureCotonouBenin
- Faculty of BiosciencesNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
- Department for Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in Forestry, Horticulture and AgricultureNorwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchÅsNorway
| | - Manuele Tamò
- Biorisk Management FacilityInternational Institute of Tropical AgricultureCotonouBenin
| | - May‐Guri Sæthre
- Department for Climate, Energy and Environment, Section for Environment and Food SecurityNorwegian Agency for Development and CooperationOsloNorway
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Multiscale Determinants Drive Parasitization of Drosophilidae by Hymenopteran Parasitoids in Agricultural Landscapes. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060334. [PMID: 32486131 PMCID: PMC7348750 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
(1) The management of agricultural landscapes for pest suppression requires a thorough understanding of multiple determinants controlling their presence. We investigated the ecological preferences of indigenous parasitoids and their drosophilid hosts to understand the role of native parasitoids as biological control agents of the invasive frugivorous Drosophila suzukii. (2) Using data from an extensive field survey across different habitat types we analyzed the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on parasitoid and drosophilid communities at multiscale levels. (3) Eight parasitoid and 27 drosophilid species were identified. Thirty-four percent variation in drosophilid communities was explained by factors at the landscape scale, and 52% of significant variation of parasitoids by local distribution of three drosophilid species, mainly collected in woodland. Parasitoid communities were significantly influenced by microhabitat type (ground versus canopy) rather than habitat type. All parasitoids except Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae preferred the ground microhabitat. All parasitoids, with the exception of Trichopria drosophilae and Spalangia erythromera, displayed significant preferences among the drosophilid species used in the baited traps. (4) Since they can tolerate a broad range of habitat factors, altogether pupal parasitoids investigated in this study could play a role in biological control programs to suppress D. suzukii, but non-target effects have to be regarded.
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