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Yan Y, Du P, Zhang J, Li R, Bao H, Fang Q, Gao Y, Meng H, Xu Y, Shi H, Yan H, Chang X, Ren X, Wang L, Ru K, Allen E, Li J, Wen S, Zhang N. Mitogenome analysis reveals predominantly ancient Yellow River origin of population inhabiting Datong agro-pastoral ecotone along Great Wall. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1321-1330. [PMID: 37498358 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Datong Basin was an important arena for population movement and admixture between the Yellow River Valley and Eastern Steppe. In historical materials, the region was often the setting for a tug-of-war between Han farmers and non-Han nomads. The genetic makeup and population history of this Datong population has, however, remained uncertain. In this study, we analysed 289 mitogenomes from Datong individuals. Our primary findings were: (1) population summary statistics analysis revealed a high level of genetic diversity and strong signals of population expansion in the Datong population; (2) inter-population comparisons (PCA and Fst heatmap) exhibited a close clustering between the Datong population and Northern Han, especially northern frontier groups, such as the Inner Mongolia Han, Heilongjiang Han, Liaoning Han and Tianjin Han; (3) phylogeographic analysis of complete mitogenomes revealed the presence of different components in the maternal gene pools of Datong population-the northern East Asian component was dominant (66.44%), whereas the southern East Asians were the second largest component with 31.49%. We also observed a much reduced west Eurasian (2.07%) component; (4) direct comparisons with ancient groups showed closer relationship between Datong and Yellow River farmers than Eastern Steppe nomads. Despite, therefore, centuries of Eastern Steppe nomadic control over the Datong area, Yellow River farmers had a much more significant impact on the Datong population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yan
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Infammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Panxin Du
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Infammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Ruilan Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Infammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Haoquan Bao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qingli Fang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Infammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Infammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Hailiang Meng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haochen Shi
- Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Infammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoying Ren
- Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li Wang
- Datong Xin Jian Kang Hospital Group Company, Datong, 037006, China
| | - Kai Ru
- Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Edward Allen
- Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiehui Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Infammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Shaoqing Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Institute of Archaeological Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- MOE Laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Center for the Belt and Road Archaeology and Ancient Civilizations, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Nianping Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Infammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.
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