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Windisch R, Soliman S, Hoffmann A, Chen-Wichmann L, Danese A, Vosberg S, Bravo J, Lutz S, Kellner C, Fischer A, Gebhard C, Redondo Monte E, Hartmann L, Schneider S, Beier F, Strobl CD, Weigert O, Peipp M, Schündeln M, Stricker SH, Rehli M, Bernhagen J, Humpe A, Klump H, Brendel C, Krause DS, Greif PA, Wichmann C. Engineering an inducible leukemia-associated fusion protein enables large-scale ex vivo production of functional human phagocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312499121. [PMID: 38857395 PMCID: PMC11194515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312499121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells remains a challenge due to rapid differentiation after detachment from the bone marrow niche. In this study, we assessed the capacity of an inducible fusion protein to enable sustained ex vivo proliferation of hematopoietic precursors and their capacity to differentiate into functional phagocytes. We fused the coding sequences of an FK506-Binding Protein 12 (FKBP12)-derived destabilization domain (DD) to the myeloid/lymphoid lineage leukemia/eleven nineteen leukemia (MLL-ENL) fusion gene to generate the fusion protein DD-MLL-ENL and retrovirally expressed the protein switch in human CD34+ progenitors. Using Shield1, a chemical inhibitor of DD fusion protein degradation, we established large-scale and long-term expansion of late monocytic precursors. Upon Shield1 removal, the cells lost self-renewal capacity and spontaneously differentiated, even after 2.5 y of continuous ex vivo expansion. In the absence of Shield1, stimulation with IFN-γ, LPS, and GM-CSF triggered terminal differentiation. Gene expression analysis of the obtained phagocytes revealed marked similarity with naïve monocytes. In functional assays, the novel phagocytes migrated toward CCL2, attached to VCAM-1 under shear stress, produced reactive oxygen species, and engulfed bacterial particles, cellular particles, and apoptotic cells. Finally, we demonstrated Fcγ receptor recognition and phagocytosis of opsonized lymphoma cells in an antibody-dependent manner. Overall, we have established an engineered protein that, as a single factor, is useful for large-scale ex vivo production of human phagocytes. Such adjustable proteins have the potential to be applied as molecular tools to produce functional immune cells for experimental cell-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Windisch
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Sarah Soliman
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Adrian Hoffmann
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Linping Chen-Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Anna Danese
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Sebastian Vosberg
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner site Munich, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg69120, Germany
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz8010, Austria
| | - Jimena Bravo
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main60596, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lutz
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Christian Kellner
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Alexander Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg93053, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhard
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg93053, Germany
| | - Enric Redondo Monte
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner site Munich, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - Luise Hartmann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner site Munich, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
- Laboratory for Leukemia Diagnostics, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen52074, Germany
| | - Carolin Dorothea Strobl
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner site Munich, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - Oliver Weigert
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner site Munich, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel24105, Germany
| | - Michael Schündeln
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen and the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen45147, Germany
| | - Stefan H. Stricker
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Michael Rehli
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg93053, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg93053, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Hannes Klump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen45147, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital Aachen, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen52074, Germany
| | - Christian Brendel
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Daniela S. Krause
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt am Main60596, Germany
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main60596, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Greif
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner site Munich, Munich81377, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich81377, Germany
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Windisch R, Kreissig S, Wichmann C. Defined Human Leukemic CD34+ Liquid Cultures to Study HDAC/Transcriptional Repressor Complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2589:27-49. [PMID: 36255616 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2788-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Defined human primary cell model systems with growth dependence on oncogenes are highly requested to investigate tumor pathogenesis and to validate pharmacological inhibitors that specifically target oncoproteins and their executing protein complex partners. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), transcription factors such as RUNX1 and MLL1, which are important for normal blood cell development, frequently harbor mutations including chromosomal translocations with other coding genes, resulting in tumor-promoting gain-of-function fusion proteins. These oncoproteins completely modify transcriptional programs, thereby inducing malignant cell phenotypes. A common theme of the chimeric gene products is their physical interaction with a variety of chromatin-modifying effector molecules, including histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). These aberrant multiprotein machineries disturb gene expression and promote malignant cell growth. In this chapter, we briefly summarize the current understanding regarding AML-associated oncogene-driven human CD34+ blood progenitor cell expansion in ex vivo liquid cultures. We provide a step-by-step protocol to establish oncogene-induced human CD34+ blood progenitor cell cultures suitable to analyze the impact of transcriptional repressor/HDAC activity in these human AML cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Windisch
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Kreissig
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Corces MR, Chang HY, Majeti R. Preleukemic Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2017; 7:263. [PMID: 29164062 PMCID: PMC5681525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy of the bone marrow characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid lineage cells. Decades of research have demonstrated that AML evolves from the sequential acquisition of genetic alterations within a single lineage of hematopoietic cells. More recently, the advent of high-throughput sequencing has enabled the identification of a premalignant phase of AML termed preleukemia. Multiple studies have demonstrated that AML can arise from the accumulation of mutations within hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These HSCs have been termed "preleukemic HSCs" as they represent the evolutionary ancestors of the leukemia. Through examination of the biological and clinical characteristics of these preleukemic HSCs, this review aims to shed light on some of the unexplored questions in the field. We note that some of the material discussed is speculative in nature and is presented in order to motivate future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ryan Corces
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Howard Y. Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ravindra Majeti
- Program in Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Ludwig Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex etiology involving genetic risk factors and environmental triggers. Here we describe the many known genetic predispositions of psoriasis with respect to immune genes and their encoded pathways in psoriasis susceptibility. These genes span an array of functions that involve antigen presentation (HLA-Cw6, ERAP1, ERAP2, MICA), the IL-23 axis (IL12Bp40, IL23Ap19, IL23R, JAK2, TYK2), T-cell development and T-cells polarization (RUNX1, RUNX3, STAT3, TAGAP, IL4, IL13), innate immunity (CARD14, c-REL, TRAF3IP2, DDX58, IFIH1), and negative regulators of immune responses (TNIP1, TNFAIP3, NFKBIA, ZC3H12C, IL36RN, SOCS1). The contribution of some of these gene products to psoriatic disease has also been revealed in recent years through targeting of key immune components, such as the Th17/IL-23 axis which has been highly successful in disease treatment. However, many of the genetic findings involve immune genes with less clear roles in psoriasis pathogenesis. This is particularly the case for those genes involved in innate immunity and negative regulation of immune specific pathways. It is possible that risk alleles of these genes decrease the threshold for the initial activation of the innate immune response. This could then lead to the onslaught of the pathogenic adaptive immune response known to be active in psoriatic skin. However, precisely how these various genes affect immunobiology need to be determined and some are speculated upon in this review. These novel genetic findings also open opportunities to explore novel therapeutic targets and potentially the development of personalized medicine, as well as discover new biology of human skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Harden
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Dermira, Inc. Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James G Krueger
- The Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anne M Bowcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, UK.
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