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Zhang S, Li J, Zhao Y, Tang Y, Li H, Song T, An T, Guan J, Li X, Zhang M. Whole-genome resequencing reveals genetic diversity, differentiation, and selection signatures of yak breeds/populations in southwestern China. Front Genet 2024; 15:1382128. [PMID: 38873117 PMCID: PMC11169580 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1382128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The Sichuan-Yunnan region is the main production area of yaks in southwestern China, with rich genetic resources of Yaks. Nevertheless, there have been limited study on the genetic characteristics of the entire yak populations in Tibet and southwestern China. In this study, we performed whole-genome resequencing to identify genetic variation information in a total of 198 individuals from six yak breeds (populations) in Sichuan (Muli yak, Jinchuan yak, Changtai yak, Maiwa yak), Yunnan (Zhongdian yak), and Tibet (Tibetan yak). The aim was to investigate the whole-genome genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and genome selection signatures. We observed that all six populations exhibit abundant genetic diversity. Except for Tibetan yaks, which showed low nucleotide diversity (0.00104), the remaining yak populations generally displayed high nucleotide diversity (0.00129-0.00153). Population genetic structure analysis revealed that, among the six yak populations, Muli yak exhibited greater differentiation from other yak populations and formed a distinct cluster independently. The Maiwa yak population displayed a complex genetic structure and exhibited gene exchange with Jinchuan and Changtai yaks. Positive selection signals were detected in candidate genes associated with growth (GNB4, HMGA2, TRPS1, and LTBP1), reproduction (PI4KB, DYNC1I1, and GRIP1), immunity (CD200 and IL1RAP), lactation (SNX13 and CPM), hypoxia adaptation (NDUFB6, PRKN, and MRPS9), hair (KRT24, KRT25, and KRT26), meat quality (SUCLG2), digestion and absorption (CLDN1), and pigment deposition (OCA2) using the integrated Pi and F ST methods. This study provides significant insights into understanding the whole-genome genetic characteristics of yak populations in Tibet and southwestern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhua Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianzeng Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Tianwu An
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuqiang Guan
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Breeding Fram of Longri, Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Aba Prefecture in Sichuan, Hongyuan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Shen S, Zhu L, Yang Y, Bi Y, Li J, Wang Y, Pan C, Wang S, Lan X. Exploration of the Polymorphism Distribution of Bovine HMGA2 Gene in Worldwide Breeds and Its Associations with Ovarian Traits. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:796. [PMID: 38473181 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The high-mobility group AT-hook 2(HMGA2) gene has been widely studied in the context of cancer and animal growth. However, recently, several studies have uncovered its critical role in cell proliferation. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) further suggests that the HMGA2 gene is a candidate gene in fertility, indicating its connection not only to growth traits but also to reproduction, specifically ovarian traits. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the distribution of the HMGA2 gene in 54 bovine breeds worldwide, identify important short fragment variants (indels), and investigate the relationship between HMGA2 and ovarian development. The dataset included genotypic information from a bovine population of 634 individuals (n = 634). After genotyping and analyzing four selected loci, we found that one out of four loci, rs133750033 (P4-D22-bp), was polymorphic. Our results also reveal that this indel of HMGA2 is significantly associated with certain ovarian traits (p < 0.05). Specifically, it has connection with ovarian length (p = 0.004) and ovarian height (p = 0.026) during diestrus. Additionally, we discovered a higher expression of the HMGA2 gene in Asian cattle breeds. In summary, this study suggests that HMGA2 has the potential to serve as an animal fertility testing marker gene. Moreover, these findings contribute to a more promising outlook for the bovine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Leijing Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuanzhe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi Bi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuilian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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3
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Tan WLA, Neto LRP, Reverter A, McGowan M, Fortes MRS. Sequence level genome-wide associations for bull production and fertility traits in tropically adapted bulls. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:365. [PMID: 37386436 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetics of male fertility is complex and not fully understood. Male subfertility can adversely affect the economics of livestock production. For example, inadvertently mating bulls with poor fertility can result in reduced annual liveweight production and suboptimal husbandry management. Fertility traits, such as scrotal circumference and semen quality are commonly used to select bulls before mating and can be targeted in genomic studies. In this study, we conducted genome-wide association analyses using sequence-level data targeting seven bull production and fertility traits measured in a multi-breed population of 6,422 tropically adapted bulls. The beef bull production and fertility traits included body weight (Weight), body condition score (CS), scrotal circumference (SC), sheath score (Sheath), percentage of normal spermatozoa (PNS), percentage of spermatozoa with mid-piece abnormalities (MP) and percentage of spermatozoa with proximal droplets (PD). RESULTS After quality control, 13,398,171 polymorphisms were tested for their associations with each trait in a mixed-model approach, fitting a multi-breed genomic relationship matrix. A Bonferroni genome-wide significance threshold of 5 × 10- 8 was imposed. This effort led to identifying genetic variants and candidate genes underpinning bull fertility and production traits. Genetic variants in Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 5 were associated with SC, Sheath, PNS, PD and MP. Whereas chromosome X was significant for SC, PNS, and PD. The traits we studied are highly polygenic and had significant results across the genome (BTA 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 19, 23, 28, and 29). We also highlighted potential high-impact variants and candidate genes associated with Scrotal Circumference (SC) and Sheath Score (Sheath), which warrants further investigation in future studies. CONCLUSION The work presented here is a step closer to identifying molecular mechanisms that underpin bull fertility and production. Our work also emphasises the importance of including the X chromosome in genomic analyses. Future research aims to investigate potential causative variants and genes in downstream analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang Andre Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Bld, 68 Cooper Rd, Brisbane City, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | | | - Antonio Reverter
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Michael McGowan
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Marina Rufino Salinas Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Bld, 68 Cooper Rd, Brisbane City, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Xia X, Qu K, Wang Y, Sinding MHS, Wang F, Hanif Q, Ahmed Z, Lenstra JA, Han J, Lei C, Chen N. Global dispersal and adaptive evolution of domestic cattle: a genomic perspective. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:8. [PMID: 37676580 PMCID: PMC10441868 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Domestic cattle have spread across the globe and inhabit variable and unpredictable environments. They have been exposed to a plethora of selective pressures and have adapted to a variety of local ecological and management conditions, including UV exposure, diseases, and stall-feeding systems. These selective pressures have resulted in unique and important phenotypic and genetic differences among modern cattle breeds/populations. Ongoing efforts to sequence the genomes of local and commercial cattle breeds/populations, along with the growing availability of ancient bovid DNA data, have significantly advanced our understanding of the genomic architecture, recent evolution of complex traits, common diseases, and local adaptation in cattle. Here, we review the origin and spread of domestic cattle and illustrate the environmental adaptations of local cattle breeds/populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Academy of Science and Technology, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, 675000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Mikkel-Holger S Sinding
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 1350, Denmark
| | - Fuwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Quratulain Hanif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 12350, Pakistan
| | - Johannes A Lenstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jianlin Han
- Livestock Genetic Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory On Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Braga LG, Chud TCS, Watanabe RN, Savegnago RP, Sena TM, do Carmo AS, Machado MA, Panetto JCDC, da Silva MVGB, Munari DP. Identification of copy number variations in the genome of Dairy Gir cattle. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284085. [PMID: 37036840 PMCID: PMC10085049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying structural variants that can control complex traits is relevant for dairy cattle production, especially for animals that are tolerant to breeding conditions in the tropics, such as the Dairy Gir cattle. This study identified and characterized high confidence copy number variation regions (CNVR) in the Gir breed genome. A total of 38 animals were whole-genome sequenced, and 566 individuals were genotyped with a high-density SNP panel, among which 36 animals had both sequencing and SNP genotyping data available. Two sets of high confidence CNVR were established: one based on common CNV identified in the studied population (CNVR_POP), and another with CNV identified in sires with both sequence and SNP genotyping data available (CNVR_ANI). We found 10 CNVR_POP and 45 CNVR_ANI, which covered 1.05 Mb and 4.4 Mb of the bovine genome, respectively. Merging these CNV sets for functional analysis resulted in 48 unique high confidence CNVR. The overlapping genes were previously related to embryonic mortality, environmental adaptation, evolutionary process, immune response, longevity, mammary gland, resistance to gastrointestinal parasites, and stimuli recognition, among others. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the Gir breed genome. Moreover, the CNV identified in this study can potentially affect genes related to complex traits, such as production, health, and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa G Braga
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane C S Chud
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafael N Watanabe
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Savegnago
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomaz M Sena
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana S do Carmo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Danísio P Munari
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Porto-Neto LR, Alexandre PA, Hudson NJ, Bertram J, McWilliam SM, Tan AWL, Fortes MRS, McGowan MR, Hayes BJ, Reverter A. Multi-breed genomic predictions and functional variants for fertility of tropical bulls. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279398. [PMID: 36701372 PMCID: PMC9879470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, most beef breeding herds are naturally mated. As such, the ability to identify and select fertile bulls is critically important for both productivity and genetic improvement. Here, we collected ten fertility-related phenotypes for 6,063 bulls from six tropically adapted breeds. Phenotypes were comprised of four bull conformation traits and six traits directly related to the quality of the bull's semen. We also generated high-density DNA genotypes for all the animals. In total, 680,758 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes were analyzed. The genomic correlation of the same trait observed in different breeds was positive for scrotal circumference and sheath score on most breed comparisons, but close to zero for the percentage of normal sperm, suggesting a divergent genetic background for this trait. We confirmed the importance of a breed being present in the reference population to the generation of accurate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) in an across-breed validation scenario. Average GEBV accuracies varied from 0.19 to 0.44 when the breed was not included in the reference population. The range improved to 0.28 to 0.59 when the breed was in the reference population. Variants associated with the gene HDAC4, six genes from the spermatogenesis-associated (SPATA) family of proteins, and 29 transcription factors were identified as candidate genes. Collectively these results enable very early in-life selection for bull fertility traits, supporting genetic improvement strategies currently taking place within tropical beef production systems. This study also improves our understanding of the molecular basis of male fertility in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas J. Hudson
- School of Animal Studies, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - John Bertram
- Agriculture Consultant, Livestock Management and Breeding, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Andre W. L. Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Marina R. S. Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael R. McGowan
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben J. Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Tijjani A, Salim B, da Silva MVB, Eltahir HA, Musa TH, Marshall K, Hanotte O, Musa HH. Genomic signatures for drylands adaptation at gene-rich regions in African zebu cattle. Genomics 2022; 114:110423. [PMID: 35803449 PMCID: PMC9388378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Indigenous Sudanese cattle are mainly indicine/zebu (humped) type. They thrive in the harshest dryland environments characterised by high temperatures, long seasonal dry periods, nutritional shortages, and vector disease challenges. Here, we sequenced 60 indigenous Sudanese cattle from six indigenous breeds and analysed the data using three genomic scan approaches to unravel cattle adaptation to the African dryland region. Results We identified a set of gene-rich selective sweep regions, detected mostly on chromosomes 5, 7 and 19, shared across African and Gir zebu. These include genes involved in immune response, body size and conformation, and heat stress response. We also identified selective sweep regions unique to Sudanese zebu. Of these, a 250 kb selective sweep on chromosome 16 spans seven genes, including PLCH2, PEX10, PRKCZ, and SKI, which are involved in alternative adaptive metabolic strategies of insulin signalling, glucose homeostasis, and fat metabolism. Conclusions Our results suggest that environmental adaptation may involve recent and ancient selection at gene-rich regions, which might be under a common regulatory genetic control, in zebu cattle. Sudanese cattle thrive in the harshest environments of the African drylands. Bos indicus shared selected genes are involved in immune response, conformation, and heat stress response. Sudanese zebu-specific sweep includes genes involved in alternative adaptive metabolic strategies of insulin signalling, glucose homeostasis, and fat metabolism. Environmental adaptation in zebu cattle may involve recent and ancient selection at gene-rich regions, which might be under a common regulatory genetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulfatai Tijjani
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), ILRI Ethiopia, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Bashir Salim
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | - Taha H Musa
- Biomedical Research Institute, Darfur College, Sudan
| | - Karen Marshall
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), ILRI Kenya, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Olivier Hanotte
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health (CTLGH), ILRI Ethiopia, PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Cells, Organisms and Molecular Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Hassan H Musa
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Nyala, Sudan; Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
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Balbi M, Bonamy M, Fernandez ME, Cecco P, Vaca RJA, Rogberg Muñoz A, Peral Gacía P, Prando AJ, Giovambattista G. Coat score. A possible explanation for the zebuine selective sweep located on bovine chromosome 5: 47,670,001-48,100,000 bp. Anim Biotechnol 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35130466 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2029464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Over 65% of the world's cattle population resides in warm areas where heat stress conditions limit the breed of European taurine cattle. Composite breeds were developed to retain the main traits of both parental breeds. The skin plays a central role in animal response to heat stress. Research on the genetic architecture of skin traits has identified genes and regions related to warm resistance skin features. The aim of this study was to determine whether the indicine proportion accounted for coat type or whether there were genes of large effect segregating in Brangus. Bulls (n = 108) were genotyped using microarrays and their coat score and hair length were evaluated. Indicine-taurine genome-wide composition was estimated and GWAS was performed. Although significant correlations between indicine proportion and traits were not observed, four windows of SNPs on BTA4 and BTA5 explained more than 2% of the trait variance. The GWAS for coat score in summer showed the main peak on BTA5:46,941,446-48,030,219 bp, accounting for 4.65% of the variance. Our results suggest that the variation in coat score and undercoat hair length in Argentinian Brangus bulls is associated with the presence of some particular gene variants, rather than with the whole indicine genetic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Balbi
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Noel Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Cátedra de Producción Bovina, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín Bonamy
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Noel Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Cátedra de Producción Bovina, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Elena Fernandez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Noel Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Paulo Cecco
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Noel Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Roberto J A Vaca
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Noel Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Rogberg Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Noel Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Agronomía, INPA-Instituto de Producción Animal UBA-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pilar Peral Gacía
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Noel Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alberto J Prando
- Cátedra de Producción Bovina, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Giovambattista
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, IGEVET-Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Noel Dulout" (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Maiorano AM, Cardoso DF, Carvalheiro R, Júnior GAF, de Albuquerque LG, de Oliveira HN. Signatures of selection in Nelore cattle revealed by whole-genome sequencing data. Genomics 2022; 114:110304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Utsunomiya YT, Fortunato AAAD, Milanesi M, Trigo BB, Alves NF, Sonstegard TS, Garcia JF. Bos taurus haplotypes segregating in Nellore (Bos indicus) cattle. Anim Genet 2021; 53:58-67. [PMID: 34921423 DOI: 10.1111/age.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brazil is the largest exporter of beef in the world, and most of that beef derives from Nellore cattle. Although considered a zebu breed (Bos indicus), the history of Nellore cattle in Brazil is marked by the importation of bulls from India, the use of a Creole taurine (Bos taurus) maternal lineage to quickly expand the herds and backcrossing to Nellore bulls to recover zebu ancestry. As a consequence, the current Brazilian Nellore population carries an average taurine ancestry of approximately 1%. Although that percentage seems small, some taurine variants deviate substantially from that average, with the better-known cases being the PLAG1-Q haplotype involved with body size variation and the Guarani (PG ) polled variant producing hornless animals. Here, we report taurine haplotypes in 9074 Nellore animals genotyped for 539 657 imputed SNP markers. Apart from PLAG1-Q and PG , our analysis further revealed common taurine haplotypes (>3%) spanning genes related to immunity, growth, reproduction and hair and skin phenotypes. Using data from 22 economically important traits, we showed that many of the major QTL previously reported in the breed are at least partially driven by taurine haplotypes. As B. taurus and B. indicus haplotypes are highly divergent, presenting widely different sets of functional variants, our results provide promising targets for future scrutiny in Nellore cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Utsunomiya
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793 - Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793 - Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,AgroPartners Consulting. R. Floriano Peixoto, 120 - Sala 43A - Centro, Araçatuba, SP, 16010-220, Brazil
| | - A A A D Fortunato
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793 - Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793 - Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,Personal-PEC. R. Sebastião Lima, 1336 - Centro, Campo Grande, MS, 79004-600, Brazil
| | - M Milanesi
- AgroPartners Consulting. R. Floriano Peixoto, 120 - Sala 43A - Centro, Araçatuba, SP, 16010-220, Brazil.,Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Università Della Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis snc, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - B B Trigo
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793 - Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793 - Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - N F Alves
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793 - Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793 - Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - J F Garcia
- Department of Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793 - Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793 - Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,AgroPartners Consulting. R. Floriano Peixoto, 120 - Sala 43A - Centro, Araçatuba, SP, 16010-220, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, 14884-900 Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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11
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Jang J, Kim K, Lee YH, Kim H. Population differentiated copy number variation of Bos taurus, Bos indicus and their African hybrids. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:531. [PMID: 34253178 PMCID: PMC8276479 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CNV comprises a large proportion in cattle genome and is associated with various traits. However, there were few population-scale comparison studies on cattle CNV. Results Here, autosome-wide CNVs were called by read depth of NGS alignment result and copy number variation regions (CNVRs) defined from 102 Eurasian taurine (EAT) of 14 breeds, 28 Asian indicine (ASI) of 6 breeds, 22 African taurine (AFT) of 2 breeds, and 184 African humped cattle (AFH) of 17 breeds. The copy number of every CNVRs were compared between populations and CNVRs with population differentiated copy numbers were sorted out using the pairwise statistics VST and Kruskal-Wallis test. Three hundred sixty-two of CNVRs were significantly differentiated in both statistics and 313 genes were located on the population differentiated CNVRs. Conclusion For some of these genes, the averages of copy numbers were also different between populations and these may be candidate genes under selection. These include olfactory receptors, pathogen-resistance, parasite-resistance, heat tolerance and productivity related genes. Furthermore, breed- and individual-level comparison was performed using the presence or copy number of the autosomal CNVRs. Our findings were based on identification of CNVs from short Illumina reads of 336 individuals and 39 breeds, which to our knowledge is the largest dataset for this type of analysis and revealed important CNVs that may play a role in cattle adaption to various environments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07808-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisung Jang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwondo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,eGnome, Inc, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Upadhyay M, Derks MFL, Andersson G, Medugorac I, Groenen MAM, Crooijmans RPMA. Introgression contributes to distribution of structural variations in cattle. Genomics 2021; 113:3092-3102. [PMID: 34242710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural variations (SVs) are an important source of phenotypic diversity in cattle. Here, 72 whole genome sequences representing taurine and zebu cattle were used to identify SVs. Applying multiple approaches, 16,738 SVs were identified. A comparison against the Database of Genomic Variants archives revealed that 1575 SVs were novel in our data. A novel duplication covering the entire GALNT15 gene, was observed only in N'Dama. A duplication, which was previously reported only in zebu and associated with navel length, was also observed in N'Dama. Investigation of a novel deletion located upstream of CAST13 gene and identified only in Italian cattle and zebu, revealed its introgressed origin in the former. Overall, our data highlights how the SVs distribution in cattle is also shaped by forces such as demographical differences and gene flow. The cattle SVs of this study and its meta-data can be visualized on an interactive genome browser at https://tinyurl.com/svCowArs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulik Upadhyay
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Martijn F L Derks
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ivica Medugorac
- Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Richard P M A Crooijmans
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Parameters and genetic associations of visual scores and weights in Hereford and Braford breeds. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Naval-Sánchez M, Porto-Neto LR, Cardoso DF, Hayes BJ, Daetwyler HD, Kijas J, Reverter A. Selection signatures in tropical cattle are enriched for promoter and coding regions and reveal missense mutations in the damage response gene HELB. Genet Sel Evol 2020; 52:27. [PMID: 32460767 PMCID: PMC7251699 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-020-00546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Distinct domestication events, adaptation to different climatic zones, and divergent selection in productive traits have shaped the genomic differences between taurine and indicine cattle. In this study, we assessed the impact of artificial selection and environmental adaptation by comparing whole-genome sequences from European taurine and Asian indicine breeds and from African cattle. Next, we studied the impact of divergent selection by exploiting predicted and experimental functional annotation of the bovine genome. Results We identified selective sweeps in beef cattle taurine and indicine populations, including a 430-kb selective sweep on indicine cattle chromosome 5 that is located between 47,670,001 and 48,100,000 bp and spans five genes, i.e. HELB, IRAK3, ENSBTAG00000026993, GRIP1 and part of HMGA2. Regions under selection in indicine cattle display significant enrichment for promoters and coding genes. At the nucleotide level, sites that show a strong divergence in allele frequency between European taurine and Asian indicine are enriched for the same functional categories. We identified nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding regions that are fixed for different alleles between subspecies, eight of which were located within the DNA helicase B (HELB) gene. By mining information from the 1000 Bull Genomes Project, we found that HELB carries mutations that are specific to indicine cattle but also found in taurine cattle, which are known to have been subject to indicine introgression from breeds, such as N’Dama, Anatolian Red, Marchigiana, Chianina, and Piedmontese. Based on in-house genome sequences, we proved that mutations in HELB segregate independently of the copy number variation HMGA2-CNV, which is located in the same region. Conclusions Major genomic sequence differences between Bos taurus and Bos indicus are enriched for promoter and coding regions. We identified a 430-kb selective sweep in Asian indicine cattle located on chromosome 5, which carries SNPs that are fixed in indicine populations and located in the coding sequences of the HELB gene. HELB is involved in the response to DNA damage including exposure to ultra-violet light and is associated with reproductive traits and yearling weight in tropical cattle. Thus, HELB likely contributed to the adaptation of tropical cattle to their harsh environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Naval-Sánchez
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia. .,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.
| | - Laercio R Porto-Neto
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Diercles F Cardoso
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia.,Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.,Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - Ben J Hayes
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.,School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - James Kijas
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - Antonio Reverter
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4067, Australia
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15
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Wang S, Zhao H, Wu M, Yi X, Chen P, Liu S, Pan Y, Li Q, Tang X, Sun X. Exploring of InDel in bovine PSAP gene and their association with growth traits in different development stages. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:1-12. [PMID: 32367774 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1758122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PSAP (prosaposin) is widely expressed in different organs, and plays an important role in fat deposit. Insertion/Deletion (InDel) is a relatively simple and effective DNA marker. However, the association of molecular marker at different stages of animal development has not received enough attention, especially fat deposition related traits. Therefore, eight cattle breeds were used to explore novel InDels variants within bovine PSAP gene, and to evaluate their effects on growth traits in different development stages. Herein, two novel InDels (P5:NC037355.1g.27974439-27974440 ins AGTGTGGTTAATGTCAAC and P8:NC037355.1g.27980734-27980752 del GTCAAAAAATCAGGGGAAAC) within the bovine PSAP gene were found, and their association with growth traits in different development stages were analyzed. Interestingly, the dominant genotype was different in different development stages both in NY cattle and JX cattle for daily gain and body weight. PSAP Gene expression patterns were analyzed in this study, high expression in the middle stage of adipocytes differentiation suggests that it plays a certain role in fat development. It reveals that InDels could affect phenotype in different development stages, which depend on the expression pattern of the host gene and their function in different tissues. These findings could provide a new way for molecular marker studies in bovine breeding and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haidong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mingli Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaohua Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pingbo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yun Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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16
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Dixit SP, Singh S, Ganguly I, Bhatia AK, Sharma A, Kumar NA, Dang AK, Jayakumar S. Genome-Wide Runs of Homozygosity Revealed Selection Signatures in Bos indicus. Front Genet 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32153647 PMCID: PMC7046685 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide runs of homozygosity (ROH) are suitable for understanding population history, calculating genomic inbreeding, deciphering genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases as well as identifying genes linked with agro-economic traits. Autozygosity and ROH islands, genomic regions with elevated ROH frequencies, were characterized in 112 animals of seven Indian native cattle breeds (B. indicus) using BovineHD BeadChip. In total, 4138 ROH were detected. The average number of ROH per animal was maximum in draft breed, Kangayam (63.62 ± 22.71) and minimum in dairy breed, Sahiwal (24.62 ± 11.03). The mean ROH length was maximum in Vechur (6.97 Mb) and minimum in Hariana (4.04 Mb). Kangayam revealed the highest ROH based inbreeding (FROH > 1Mb = 0.113 ± 0.059), whereas Hariana (FROH > 1Mb = 0.042 ± 0.031) and Sahiwal (FROH > 1Mb = 0.043 ± 0.048) showed the lowest. The high standard deviation observed in each breed highlights a considerable variability in autozygosity. Out of the total autozygous segments observed in each breed except Vechur, > 80% were of short length (< 8 Mb) and contributed almost 50% of the genome proportion under ROH. However, in Vechur cattle, long ROH contributed 75% of the genome proportion under ROH. ROH patterns revealed Hariana and Sahiwal breeds as less consanguineous, while recent inbreeding was apparent in Vechur. Maximum autozygosity observed in Kangayam is attributable to both recent and ancient inbreeding. The ROH islands were harbouring higher proportion of QTLs for production traits (20.68% vs. 14.64%; P≤ 0.05) but lower for reproductive traits (11.49% vs. 15.76%; P≤ 0.05) in dairy breeds compared to draft breed. In draft cattle, genes associated with resistant to diseases/higher immunity (LYZL1, SVIL, and GPX4) and stress tolerant (CCT4) were identified in ROH islands; while in dairy breeds, for milk production (PTGFR, CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3). Significant difference in ROH islands among large and short statured breeds was observed at chromosome 3 and 5 involving genes like PTGFR and HMGA2 responsible for milk production and stature, respectively. PCA analysis on consensus ROH regions revealed distinct clustering of dairy, draft and short stature cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Dixit
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Sanjeev Singh
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Indrajit Ganguly
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Avnish Kumar Bhatia
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Anurodh Sharma
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - N Anand Kumar
- Animal Genetics & Breeding Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Dang
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - S Jayakumar
- Animal Genetics Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
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17
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Utsunomiya YT, Milanesi M, Fortes MRS, Porto-Neto LR, Utsunomiya ATH, Silva MVGB, Garcia JF, Ajmone-Marsan P. Genomic clues of the evolutionary history of Bos indicus cattle. Anim Genet 2019; 50:557-568. [PMID: 31475748 DOI: 10.1111/age.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Together with their sister subspecies Bos taurus, zebu cattle (Bos indicus) have contributed to important socioeconomic changes that have shaped modern civilizations. Zebu cattle were domesticated in the Indus Valley 8000 years before present (YBP). From the domestication site, they expanded to Africa, East Asia, southwestern Asia and Europe between 4000 and 1300 YBP, intercrossing with B. taurus to form clinal variations of zebu ancestry across the landmass of Afro-Eurasia. In the past 150 years, zebu cattle reached the Americas and Oceania, where they have contributed to the prosperity of emerging economies. The zebu genome is characterized by two mitochondrial haplogroups (I1 and I2), one Y chromosome haplogroup (Y3) and three major autosomal ancestral groups (Indian-Pakistani, African and Chinese). Phenotypically, zebu animals are recognized by their hump, large ears and excess skin. They are rustic, resilient to parasites and capable of bearing the hot and humid climates of the tropics. Many resources are available to study the zebu genome, including commercial arrays of SNP, reference assemblies and publicly available genotypes and whole-genome sequences. Nevertheless, many of these resources were initially developed to support research and subsidize industrial applications in B. taurus, and therefore they can produce bias in data analysis. The combination of genomics with precision agriculture holds great promise for the identification of genetic variants affecting economically important traits such as tick resistance and heat tolerance, which were naturally selected for millennia and played a major role in the evolution of B. indicus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Utsunomiya
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - M Milanesi
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - M R S Fortes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Chemistry Bld, 68 Cooper Rd, Brisbane, 4072, Qld, Australia
| | - L R Porto-Neto
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia QLD, Brisbane, 4067, Qld, Australia
| | - A T H Utsunomiya
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - M V G B Silva
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, 360381330, Brazil
| | - J F Garcia
- Department of Support, Production and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,International Atomic Energy Agency, Collaborating Centre on Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, 16050-680 R. Clovis Pestana 793-Dona Amelia, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 14884-900 Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - P Ajmone-Marsan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti-DIANA and BioDNA, Centro di Ricerca sulla Biodiversità e sul DNA Antico, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
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