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Elimam H, Abdel Mageed SS, Hatawsh A, Moussa R, Radwan AF, Elfar N, Alhamshry NAA, Abd-Elmawla MA, Mohammed OA, Zaki MB, Doghish AS. Unraveling the influence of LncRNA in gastric cancer pathogenesis: a comprehensive review focus on signaling pathways interplay. Med Oncol 2024; 41:218. [PMID: 39103705 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancers (GCs) are among the most common and fatal malignancies in the world. Despite our increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying GC, further biomarkers are still needed for more in-depth examination, focused prognosis, and treatment. GC is one among the long non-coding RNAs, or lncRNAs, that have emerged as key regulators of the pathophysiology of cancer. This comprehensive review focuses on the diverse functions of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of GC and their interactions with important intracellular signaling pathways. LncRNAs affect GC-related carcinogenic signaling cascades including pathways for EGFR, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, p53, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, Hedgehog, NF-κB, and hypoxia-inducible factor. Dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression has been associated with multiple characteristics of cancer, such as extended growth, apoptosis resistance, enhanced invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance. For instance, lncRNAs such as HOTAIR, MALAT1, and H19 promote the development of GC via altering these pathways. Beyond their main roles, GC lncRNAs exhibit potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The overview discusses CRISPR/Cas9 genome-modifying methods, antisense oligonucleotides, small molecules, and RNA interference as potential therapeutic approaches to regulate the expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). An in-depth discussion of the intricate functions that lncRNAs play in the development of the majority of stomach malignancies is provided in this review. It provides the groundwork for future translational research in lncRNA-based whole processes toward GC by highlighting their carcinogenic effects, regulatory roles in significant signaling cascades, and practical scientific uses as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Elimam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt.
| | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Hatawsh
- Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, 12588, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rewan Moussa
- Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Abdullah F Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Elfar
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, 11578, Cairo, Egypt
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, 11567, Egypt
| | - Nora A A Alhamshry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mai A Abd-Elmawla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang X, Liu Z, Chu A, Song R, Liu S, Chai T, Sun C. Hsa_circ_0052611 and mir-767-5p guide the warburg effect, migration, and invasion of BRCA cells through modulating SCAI. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2023; 55:381-396. [PMID: 37743442 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs are key regulators in the Warburg Effect, an emerging hallmark of cancer. We intended to investigate the role and mechanism of circular RNA hsa_circ_0052611 (circ_0052611) and microRNA (miR)-767-5p in breast cancer (BRCA) hallmarks, especially the Warburg Effect. Expression of circ_0052611 and SCAI was downregulated, and miR-767-5p was upregulated in human BRCA tissues and cells; moreover, circ_0052611 acted as a miR-767-5p sponge to modulate the expression of miR-767-5p-targeted SCAI. Functionally, re-expressing circ_0052611 suppressed migration, invasion, glucose uptake, lactate production, and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in BRCA cells, and promoted apoptotic rate. These effects were accompanied by decreased Vimentin, N-cadherin, Bcl-2, and LDHA, and increased E-cadherin and Bax. Consistently, exhausting miR-767-5p exerted similar effects in BRCA cells. High miR-767-5p could counteract the role of circ_0052611 overexpression, and low SCAI likewise blocked the role of miR-767-5p deletion. In vivo, upregulating circ_0052611 delayed tumor growth of BRCA cells by altering miR-767-5p and SCAI expression. circ_0052611/miR-767-5p/SCAI axis might boycott the malignancy of BRCA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2, Jingba Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Zongwen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2, Jingba Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Alan Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2, Jingba Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2, Jingba Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2, Jingba Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Ting Chai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2, Jingba Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2, Jingba Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
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Nalla LV, Khairnar A. Empagliflozin mediated miR-128-3p upregulation promotes differentiation of hypoxic cancer stem-like cells in breast cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 943:175565. [PMID: 36739077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The hsa-miR-128-3p expression is downregulated in advanced breast cancer patients. Empagliflozin (EMPA) is an anti-diabetic drug with anticancer potential. The present study investigated the effect of EMPA on cancer cell differentiation by acting as a miR-128-3p mimicking drug in breast cancer. MAIN METHODS Our results first demonstrate SP1 and PKM2 as the downstream effectors of hsa-miR-128-3p. Further, transfection with siPKM2, miR-128-3p mimics, and inhibitors was performed to assess their involvement in cancer stemness using flow cytometry. Further, EMPA as miR-128-3p mimicking drug was screened and explored on cancer cell differentiation. Then, we treated the 4T1-Red-FLuc allograft breast tumor with EMPA to assess its inhibitory potential toward tumor growth using IVIS® Spectrum. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate cancer cell differentiation and cell proliferation. KEY FINDINGS We found that hsa-miR-128-3p is the upstream regulator of SP1 and PKM2 in hypoxic breast cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-128-3p with mimics downregulate SP1 and PKM2, whereas miR-128-3p inhibitor shows an opposite effect. The enhanced expression of miR-128-3p and PKM2 knockdown diminishes hypoxia-induced CD44 expression and enhance CD44+/CD24+ differentiated cells. We also identified EMPA as the miR-128-3p mimicking drug that can enhance the differentiated cell population. Further, EMPA suppressed in vivo tumor growth, lung metastasis, tumor bioluminescence, and cell proliferation. Therefore, EMPA abrogates breast cancer stemness by inactivating SP1 and PKM2 via enhanced miR-128-3p expression. SIGNIFICANCE EMPA could be a promising drug in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs in advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Vineela Nalla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; Department of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
| | - Amit Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic ICRC, FNUSA Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 735/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Angel CZ, Stafford MYC, McNally CJ, Nesbitt H, McKenna DJ. MiR-21 Is Induced by Hypoxia and Down-Regulates RHOB in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041291. [PMID: 36831632 PMCID: PMC9954526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia is a well-established contributor to prostate cancer progression and is also known to alter the expression of several microRNAs. The over-expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been consistently linked with many cancers, but its role in the hypoxic prostate tumour environment has not been well studied. In this paper, the link between hypoxia and miR-21 in prostate cancer is investigated. A bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate biopsy datasets shows the up-regulation of miR-21 is significantly associated with prostate cancer and clinical markers of disease progression. This up-regulation of miR-21 expression was shown to be caused by hypoxia in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line in vitro and in an in vivo prostate tumour xenograft model. A functional enrichment analysis also revealed a significant association of miR-21 and its target genes with processes related to cellular hypoxia. The over-expression of miR-21 increased the migration and colony-forming ability of RWPE-1 normal prostate cells. In vitro and in silico analyses demonstrated that miR-21 down-regulates the tumour suppressor gene Ras Homolog Family Member B (RHOB) in prostate cancer. Further a TCGA analysis illustrated that miR-21 can distinguish between different patient outcomes following therapy. This study presents evidence that hypoxia is a key contributor to the over-expression of miR-21 in prostate tumours, which can subsequently promote prostate cancer progression by suppressing RHOB expression. We propose that miR-21 has good potential as a clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hypoxia and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Zoe Angel
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | | | - Christopher J. McNally
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Heather Nesbitt
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Declan J. McKenna
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
- Correspondence:
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The Genes-Stemness-Secretome Interplay in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Molecular Dynamics and Clinical Hints. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043496. [PMID: 36834912 PMCID: PMC9963101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MPM has a uniquely poor somatic mutational landscape, mainly driven by environmental selective pressure. This feature has dramatically limited the development of effective treatment. However, genomic events are known to be associated with MPM progression, and specific genetic signatures emerge from the exceptional crosstalk between neoplastic cells and matrix components, among which one main area of focus is hypoxia. Here we discuss the novel therapeutic strategies focused on the exploitation of MPM genetic asset and its interconnection with the surrounding hypoxic microenvironment as well as transcript products and microvesicles representing both an insight into the pathogenesis and promising actionable targets.
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Wagner A, Kosnacova H, Chovanec M, Jurkovicova D. Mitochondrial Genetic and Epigenetic Regulations in Cancer: Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147897. [PMID: 35887244 PMCID: PMC9321253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles managing crucial processes of cellular metabolism and bioenergetics. Enabling rapid cellular adaptation to altered endogenous and exogenous environments, mitochondria play an important role in many pathophysiological states, including cancer. Being under the control of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA), mitochondria adjust their activity and biogenesis to cell demands. In cancer, numerous mutations in mtDNA have been detected, which do not inactivate mitochondrial functions but rather alter energy metabolism to support cancer cell growth. Increasing evidence suggests that mtDNA mutations, mtDNA epigenetics and miRNA regulations dynamically modify signalling pathways in an altered microenvironment, resulting in cancer initiation and progression and aberrant therapy response. In this review, we discuss mitochondria as organelles importantly involved in tumorigenesis and anti-cancer therapy response. Tumour treatment unresponsiveness still represents a serious drawback in current drug therapies. Therefore, studying aspects related to genetic and epigenetic control of mitochondria can open a new field for understanding cancer therapy response. The urgency of finding new therapeutic regimens with better treatment outcomes underlines the targeting of mitochondria as a suitable candidate with new therapeutic potential. Understanding the role of mitochondria and their regulation in cancer development, progression and treatment is essential for the development of new safe and effective mitochondria-based therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wagner
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Kosnacova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
- Department of Simulation and Virtual Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Dana Jurkovicova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.W.); (H.K.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Roque Iii JA, Cole HD, Barrett PC, Lifshits LM, Hodges RO, Kim S, Deep G, Francés-Monerris A, Alberto ME, Cameron CG, McFarland SA. Intraligand Excited States Turn a Ruthenium Oligothiophene Complex into a Light-Triggered Ubertoxin with Anticancer Effects in Extreme Hypoxia. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8317-8336. [PMID: 35482975 PMCID: PMC9098688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ru(II) complexes that undergo photosubstitution reactions from triplet metal-centered (3MC) excited states are of interest in photochemotherapy (PCT) due to their potential to produce cytotoxic effects in hypoxia. Dual-action systems that incorporate this stoichiometric mode to complement the oxygen-dependent photosensitization pathways that define photodynamic therapy (PDT) are poised to maintain antitumor activity regardless of the oxygenation status. Herein, we examine the way in which these two pathways influence photocytotoxicity in normoxia and in hypoxia using the [Ru(dmp)2(IP-nT)]2+ series (where dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and IP-nT = imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline tethered to n = 0-4 thiophene rings) to switch the dominant excited state from the metal-based 3MC state in the case of Ru-phen-Ru-1T to the ligand-based 3ILCT state for Ru-3T and Ru-4T. Ru-phen-Ru-1T, having dominant 3MC states and the largest photosubstitution quantum yields, are inactive in both normoxia and hypoxia. Ru-3T and Ru-4T, with dominant 3IL/3ILCT states and long triplet lifetimes (τTA = 20-25 μs), have the poorest photosubstitution quantum yields, yet are extremely active. In the best instances, Ru-4T exhibit attomolar phototoxicity toward SKMEL28 cells in normoxia and picomolar in hypoxia, with phototherapeutic index values in normoxia of 105-1012 and 103-106 in hypoxia. While maximizing excited-state deactivation through photodissociative 3MC states did not result in bonafide dual-action PDT/PCT agents, the study has produced the most potent photosensitizer we know of to date. The extraordinary photosensitizing capacity of Ru-3T and Ru-4T may stem from a combination of very efficient 1O2 production and possibly complementary type I pathways via 3ILCT excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Roque Iii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Houston D Cole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Patrick C Barrett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Liubov M Lifshits
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Rachel O Hodges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Susy Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | | | - Marta E Alberto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende 87036, Italy
| | - Colin G Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
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Kaitsuka T, Matsushita M, Matsushita N. Regulation of Hypoxic Signaling and Oxidative Stress via the MicroRNA-SIRT2 Axis and Its Relationship with Aging-Related Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123316. [PMID: 34943825 PMCID: PMC8699081 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase and ADP-ribosyl transferases plays key roles in aging, metabolism, stress response, and aging-related diseases. SIRT2 is a unique sirtuin that is expressed in the cytosol and is abundant in neuronal cells. Various microRNAs were recently reported to regulate SIRT2 expression via its 3'-untranslated region (UTR), and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the miRNA-binding sites of SIRT2 3'-UTR were identified in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The present review highlights recent studies into SIRT2-mediated regulation of the stress response, posttranscriptional regulation of SIRT2 by microRNAs, and the implications of the SIRT2-miRNA axis in aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kaitsuka
- School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan;
| | - Nobuko Matsushita
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medical Technology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-769-1937
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Macharia LW, Muriithi W, Heming CP, Nyaga DK, Aran V, Mureithi MW, Ferrer VP, Pane A, Filho PN, Moura-Neto V. The genotypic and phenotypic impact of hypoxia microenvironment on glioblastoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1248. [PMID: 34798868 PMCID: PMC8605580 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is a fatal brain tumour with a poor patient survival outcome. Hypoxia has been shown to reprogram cells towards a stem cell phenotype associated with self-renewal and drug resistance properties. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) helps in cellular adaptation mechanisms under hypoxia. Similarly, miRNAs are known to be dysregulated in GBM have been shown to act as critical mediators of the hypoxic response and to regulate key processes involved in tumorigenesis. METHODS Glioblastoma (GBM) cells were exposed to oxygen deprivation to mimic a tumour microenvironment and different cell aspects were analysed such as morphological changes and gene expression of miRNAs and survival genes known to be associated with tumorigenesis. RESULTS It was observed that miR-128a-3p, miR-34-5p, miR-181a/b/c, were down-regulated in 6 GBM cell lines while miR-17-5p and miR-221-3p were upregulated when compared to a non-GBM control. When the same GBM cell lines were cultured under hypoxic microenvironment, a further 4-10-fold downregulation was observed for miR-34-5p, miR-128a-3p and 181a/b/c while a 3-6-fold upregulation was observed for miR-221-3p and 17-5p for most of the cells. Furthermore, there was an increased expression of SOX2 and Oct4, GLUT-1, VEGF, Bcl-2 and survivin, which are associated with a stem-like state, increased metabolism, altered angiogenesis and apoptotic escape, respectively. CONCLUSION This study shows that by mimicking a tumour microenvironment, miRNAs are dysregulated, stemness factors are induced and alteration of the survival genes necessary for the cells to adapt to the micro-environmental factors occurs. Collectively, these results might contribute to GBM aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Wanjiku Macharia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - (PPGAP-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
| | - Wanjiru Muriithi
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ICB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Pilotto Heming
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ICB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dennis Kirii Nyaga
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veronica Aran
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
| | | | - Valeria Pereira Ferrer
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
| | - Attilio Pane
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (ICB-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Niemeyer Filho
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - (PPGAP-UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Biomedicina do Cérebro- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Rua do Rezende, 156 - Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20231-092, Brasil.
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The Impact of Hypoxia in Early Pregnancy on Placental Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189675. [PMID: 34575844 PMCID: PMC8466283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen levels in the placental microenvironment throughout gestation are not constant, with severe hypoxic conditions present during the first trimester. This hypoxic phase overlaps with the most critical stages of placental development, i.e., blastocyst implantation, cytotrophoblast invasion, and spiral artery remodeling initiation. Dysregulation of any of these steps in early gestation can result in pregnancy loss and/or adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hypoxia has been shown to regulate not only the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells and progenitor cells, but also the recruitment, phenotype, and function of maternal immune cells. In this review, we will summarize how oxygen levels in early placental development determine the survival, fate, and function of several important cell types, e.g., trophoblast stem cells, extravillous trophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, uterine natural killer cells, Hofbauer cells, and decidual macrophages. We will also discuss the cellular mechanisms used to cope with low oxygen tensions, such as the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signals, regulation of the metabolic pathway, and adaptation to autophagy. Understanding the beneficial roles of hypoxia in early placental development will provide insights into the root cause(s) of some pregnancy disorders, such as spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction.
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Stoen MJ, Andersen S, Rakaee M, Pedersen MI, Ingebriktsen LM, Donnem T, Lombardi APG, Kilvaer TK, Busund LTR, Richardsen E. Overexpression of miR-20a-5p in Tumor Epithelium Is an Independent Negative Prognostic Indicator in Prostate Cancer-A Multi-Institutional Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164096. [PMID: 34439249 PMCID: PMC8394585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MicroRNAs (miRs) have critical regulatory roles in cell functions, and are involved in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. miR-20a-5p is a member of the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster. Overexpressed miR-20a-5p has been shown to increase both cell proliferation and cell migration in cancers. The aim of our cohort study was to evaluate the prognostic role of miR-20a-5p in prostate cancer. We found miR-20a-5p associated with biochemical failure in tumor epithelium and tumor stroma. In the multivariable analysis miR-20a-5p in tumor epithelium was found to be an independent prognostic predictor for biochemical failure. In the functional studies, migration and invasion were significantly increased in miR-20a-5p transfected prostate cancer cell lines. In conclusion, high miR-20a-5p expression in tumor epithelium is a negative independent prognostic factor for biochemical failure in prostate cancer. Abstract Objective: assessing the prognostic role of miR-20a-5p, in terms of clinical outcome, in a large multi-institutional cohort study. Methods: Tissue microarrays from 535 patients’ prostatectomy specimens were constructed. In situ hybridization was performed to assess the expression level of miR-20a-5p in different tissue subregions: tumor stroma (TS) and tumor epithelium (TE). In vitro analysis was performed on prostate cancer cell lines. Results: A high miR-20a-5p expression was found negatively in association with biochemical failure in TE, TS and TE + TS (p = 0.001, p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). Multivariable analysis confirmed that high miR-20a-5p expression in TE independently predicts dismal prognosis for biochemical failure (HR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.10–2.21, p = 0.014). Both DU145 and PC3 cells exhibited increased migration ability after transient overexpression of miR-20a-5p, as well as significant elevation of invasion in DU145 cells. Conclusion: A high miR-20a-5p expression in tumor epithelium is an independent negative predictor for biochemical prostate cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Stoen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; (L.M.I.); (A.P.G.L.); (T.K.K.); (L.-T.R.B.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-97419736
| | - Sigve Andersen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; (S.A.); (M.R.); (M.I.P.); (T.D.)
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038 Tromso, Norway
| | - Mehrdad Rakaee
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; (S.A.); (M.R.); (M.I.P.); (T.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mona I. Pedersen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; (S.A.); (M.R.); (M.I.P.); (T.D.)
| | - Lise M. Ingebriktsen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; (L.M.I.); (A.P.G.L.); (T.K.K.); (L.-T.R.B.); (E.R.)
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Tom Donnem
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; (S.A.); (M.R.); (M.I.P.); (T.D.)
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038 Tromso, Norway
| | - Ana P. G. Lombardi
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; (L.M.I.); (A.P.G.L.); (T.K.K.); (L.-T.R.B.); (E.R.)
| | - Thomas K. Kilvaer
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; (L.M.I.); (A.P.G.L.); (T.K.K.); (L.-T.R.B.); (E.R.)
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038 Tromso, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove R. Busund
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; (L.M.I.); (A.P.G.L.); (T.K.K.); (L.-T.R.B.); (E.R.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038 Tromso, Norway
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Translational Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromso, Norway; (L.M.I.); (A.P.G.L.); (T.K.K.); (L.-T.R.B.); (E.R.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038 Tromso, Norway
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12
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Khan MT, Irlam-Jones JJ, Pereira RR, Lane B, Valentine HR, Aragaki K, Dyrskjøt L, McConkey DJ, Hoskin PJ, Choudhury A, West CML. A miRNA signature predicts benefit from addition of hypoxia-modifying therapy to radiation treatment in invasive bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:85-93. [PMID: 33846523 PMCID: PMC8257670 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are promising biomarkers in oncology as their small size makes them less susceptible to degradation than mRNA in FFPE tissue. We aimed to derive a hypoxia-associated miRNA signature for bladder cancer. METHODS Taqman miRNA array cards identified miRNA seed genes induced under hypoxia in bladder cancer cell lines. A signature was derived using feature selection methods in a TCGA BLCA training data set. miRNA expression data were generated for 190 tumours from the BCON Phase 3 trial and used for independent validation. RESULTS A 14-miRNA hypoxia signature was derived, which was prognostic for poorer overall survival in the TCGA BLCA cohort (n = 403, p = 0.001). Univariable analysis showed that the miRNA signature predicted an overall survival benefit from having carbogen-nicotinamide with radiotherapy (HR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.094-0.95, p = 0.030) and performed similarly to a 24-gene mRNA signature (HR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.24-0.92, p = 0.025). Combining the signatures improved performance (HR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.08-0.82, p = 0.014) with borderline significance for an interaction test (p = 0.065). The interaction test was significant for local relapse-free survival LRFS (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION A 14-miRNA hypoxia signature can be used with an mRNA hypoxia signature to identify bladder cancer patients benefitting most from having carbogen and nicotinamide with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairah T. Khan
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Joely J. Irlam-Jones
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Ronnie Rodrigues Pereira
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Translational Oncogenomics, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Oglesby Cancer Research Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian Lane
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen R. Valentine
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Kai Aragaki
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David J. McConkey
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Peter J. Hoskin
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Catharine M. L. West
- grid.5379.80000000121662407Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Manchester, UK
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13
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Arghiani N, Matin MM. miR-21: A Key Small Molecule with Great Effects in Combination Cancer Therapy. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 31:271-283. [PMID: 33891511 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of various cancers indicates the urgent need for finding accurate early diagnostic markers and more effective treatments for these malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs with great potentials to enter into cancer clinics as both diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. miR-21 is elevated in many cancers, and promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. In recent years, many studies have shown that targeting miR-21 combined with conventional chemotherapeutic agents could enhance their therapeutic efficacy, and overcome drug resistance and cancer recurrence both in vitro and in animal models. In this review, we first summarize the effects and importance of miR-21 in various cancers, and explore its function in drug resistance of cancer cells. Next, the challenges and prospects for clinical translation of anti-miR-21, as a therapeutic agent, will be discussed in combination cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Arghiani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Wang W, Hao Y, Zhang A, Yang W, Wei W, Wang G, Jia Z. miR-19a/b promote EMT and proliferation in glioma cells via SEPT7-AKT-NF-κB pathway. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 20:290-305. [PMID: 33614912 PMCID: PMC7868923 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-19a/b belong to the miR-17-92 family. We have demonstrated previously that miR-19a/b are overexpressed in glioma and glioma cell lines. However, the role of miR-19a/b in glioma remains unclear. In the present study, we aim to identify the biological function and molecular mechanism of miR-19a/b in glioma cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Knocking down miR-19a/b in LN308 glioblastoma (GBM) cells with higher expression of miR-19a/b inhibits cell proliferation and invasion, induces apoptosis, and suppresses EMT by downregulating the expression of Akt, phosphorylated p-Akt, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), Snail, N-cadherin, and Vimentin and upregulating E-cadherin in vitro and in vivo. Enhanced proliferation and EMT are also observed when miR-19a/b are transfected into SNB19 GBM cells, with lowered expression of miR-19a/b. miR-19a is more effective than miR-19b in the regulation of biological behavior of glioma cells. miR-19a/b modulate molecular events for the promotion of EMT via the Akt-NF-κB pathway. SEPT7 has been confirmed as the target gene of miR-19a/b. The effect of miR-19a/b on proliferation and EMT of glioma cells and the Akt-NF-κB pathway could be reversed by transfection with SEPT7. Our study strongly suggests that miR-19a/b play a significant role in glioma progression and EMT through regulating target gene-SEPT7 and the SEPT7-Akt-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yubing Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Anling Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Guangxiu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhifan Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, P.R. China
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15
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Barlak N, Capik O, Kilic A, Sanli F, Aytatli A, Yazici A, Karatas EA, Ortucu S, Karatas OF. MicroRNA-145 transcriptionally regulates Semaphorin 3A expression in prostate cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1082-1090. [PMID: 33501702 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancer types among males. Differential expression of microRNAs is associated with various cancers including PCa. Although mature microRNAs are preferentially located in the cytoplasm, several studies identified mature human microRNAs in purified nuclei and miR-145 has been found to be predominantly expressed in the nuclei of benign tissues compared to tumor lesions. However, the nuclear functions of miR-145 are yet limited. Here, we aimed at investigating the inductive role of miR-145 on the expression of Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) in PCa cell lines. To study the regulatory potential of miR-145 in the transcriptional level in PCa, we overexpressed miR-145 in PC3 and DU145 cells, and confirmed its upregulation by quantitative-real-time-PCR. Then we investigated the tumor suppressor potential of miR-145 upon inducing SEMA3A expression using cell viability assay, western blot analysis, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase reporter assay. Our results revealed that p53, miR-145, and SEMA3A expressions are significantly downregulated in PC3 and DU145 cells compared to nontumorigenic prostate epithelial PNT1a cells. miR-145 overexpression in PCa cells induced the expression of SEMA3A at both messenger RNA and protein levels. Furthermore, increased miR-145 expression enriched RNA Pol-II antibody on the promoter of SEMA3A and induced luciferase activity controlled by SEMA3A promoter. In this study, we showed that the functions of miR-145 are not limited to gene silencing, and found that it may lead to changes in gene expression in the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslisah Barlak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozel Capik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Kilic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sanli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulmelik Aytatli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Yazici
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elanur Aydin Karatas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ortucu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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16
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Kwon Y. Possible Beneficial Effects of N-Acetylcysteine for Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:169. [PMID: 33498875 PMCID: PMC7911701 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a widely used antioxidant with therapeutic potential. However, the cancer-promoting effect of NAC observed in some preclinical studies has raised concerns regarding its clinical use. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can mediate signaling that results in both cancer-promoting and cancer-suppressing effects. The beneficial effect of NAC may depend on whether the type of cancer relies on ROS signaling for its survival and metastasis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has aggressive phenotypes and is currently treated with standard chemotherapy as the main systemic treatment option. Particularly, basal-like TNBC cells characterized by inactivated BRCA1 and mutated TP53 produce high ROS levels and rely on ROS signaling for their survival and malignant progression. In addition, the high ROS levels in TNBC cells can mediate the interplay between cancer cells and the tissue microenvironment (TME) to trigger the recruitment and conversion of stromal cells and induce hypoxic responses, thus leading to the creation of cancer-supportive TMEs and increased cancer aggressiveness. However, NAC treatment effectively reduces the ROS production and ROS-mediated signaling that contribute to cell survival, metastasis, and drug resistance in TNBC cells. Therefore, the inclusion of NAC in standard chemotherapy could probably provide additional benefits for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoo Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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17
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Diana A, Gaido G, Maxia C, Murtas D. MicroRNAs at the Crossroad of the Dichotomic Pathway Cell Death vs. Stemness in Neural Somatic and Cancer Stem Cells: Implications and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9630. [PMID: 33348804 PMCID: PMC7766058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness and apoptosis may highlight the dichotomy between regeneration and demise in the complex pathway proceeding from ontogenesis to the end of life. In the last few years, the concept has emerged that the same microRNAs (miRNAs) can be concurrently implicated in both apoptosis-related mechanisms and cell differentiation. Whether the differentiation process gives rise to the architecture of brain areas, any long-lasting perturbation of miRNA expression can be related to the occurrence of neurodevelopmental/neuropathological conditions. Moreover, as a consequence of neural stem cell (NSC) transformation to cancer stem cells (CSCs), the fine modulation of distinct miRNAs becomes necessary. This event implies controlling the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic target genes, which is crucial for the management of neural/neural crest-derived CSCs in brain tumors, neuroblastoma, and melanoma. From a translational point of view, the current progress on the emerging miRNA-based neuropathology therapeutic applications and antitumor strategies will be disclosed and their advantages and shortcomings discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Diana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Maxia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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18
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López de Andrés J, Griñán-Lisón C, Jiménez G, Marchal JA. Cancer stem cell secretome in the tumor microenvironment: a key point for an effective personalized cancer treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:136. [PMID: 33059744 PMCID: PMC7559894 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a tumor subpopulation responsible for tumor metastasis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy, ultimately leading to tumor relapse. As a consequence, the detection and eradication of this cell subpopulation represent a current challenge in oncology medicine. CSC phenotype is dependent on the tumor microenvironment (TME), which involves stem and differentiated tumor cells, as well as different cell types, such as mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and cells of the immune system, in addition to the extracellular matrix (ECM), different in composition to the ECM in healthy tissues. CSCs regulate multiple cancer hallmarks through the interaction with cells and ECM in their environment by secreting extracellular vesicles including exosomes, and soluble factors such as interleukins, cytokines, growth factors and other metabolites to the TME. Through these factors, CSCs generate and activate their own tumor niche by recruiting stromal cells and modulate angiogenesis, metastasis, resistance to antitumor treatments and their own maintenance by the secretion of different factors such as IL-6, VEGF and TGF-ß. Due to the strong influence of the CSC secretome on disease development, the new antitumor therapies focus on targeting these communication networks to eradicate the tumor and prevent metastasis, tumor relapse and drug resistance. This review summarizes for the first time the main components of the CSC secretome and how they mediate different tumor processes. Lastly, the relevance of the CSC secretome in the development of more precise and personalized antitumor therapies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia López de Andrés
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain.,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain. .,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs.GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain. .,Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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19
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He J, Wang J, Li S, Li T, Chen K, Zhang S. Hypoxia-inhibited miR-338-3p suppresses breast cancer progression by directly targeting ZEB2. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:3550-3563. [PMID: 32726486 PMCID: PMC7540984 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an essential role in the development of various cancers. The biological function and underlying mechanism of microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) under hypoxia remain unclarified in breast cancer (BC). Herein, we performed bioinformatics, gain and loss of function of miR-338-3p, a luciferase reporter assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in vitro and in a tumor xenograft model. We also explored the potential signaling pathways of miR-338-3p in BC. We detected the expression levels and prognostic significance of miR-338-3p in BC by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. MiR-338-3p was lowly expressed in BC tissues and cell lines, and BC patients with underexpression of miR-338-3p tend to have a dismal overall survival. Functional experiments showed that miR-338-3p overexpression inhibited BC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, whereas miR-338-3p silencing abolished these biological behaviors. Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) was validated as a direct target of miR-338-3p. ZEB2 overexpression promoted while ZEB2 knockdown abolished the promoted effects of miR-338-3p knockdown on cell biological behaviors through the NF-ĸB and PI3K/Akt signal pathways. HIF1A can transcriptionally downregulate miR-338-3p under hypoxia. In total, miR-338-3p counteracts hypoxia-induced BC cells growth, migration, invasion, and EMT via the ZEB2 and NF-ĸB/PI3K signal pathways, implicating miR-338-3p may be a promising target to treat patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan He
- Department of Breast Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Songchao Li
- Department of Urology Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Urology Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Kunlun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shaojin Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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20
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Therapeutically Significant MicroRNAs in Primary and Metastatic Brain Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092534. [PMID: 32906592 PMCID: PMC7564168 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The overall survival of brain cancer patients remains grim, with conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy only providing marginal benefits to patient survival. Cancers are complex, with multiple pathways being dysregulated simultaneously. Non-coding RNAs such as microRNA (miRNAs) are gaining importance due to their potential in regulating a variety of targets implicated in the pathology of cancers. This could be leveraged for the development of targeted and personalized therapies for cancers. Since miRNAs can upregulate and/or downregulate proteins, this review aims to understand the role of these miRNAs in primary and metastatic brain cancers. Here, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms of ten miRNAs that are highly dysregulated in glioblastoma and metastatic brain tumors. This will enable researchers to develop miRNA-based targeted cancer therapies and identify potential prognostic biomarkers. Abstract Brain cancer is one among the rare cancers with high mortality rate that affects both children and adults. The most aggressive form of primary brain tumor is glioblastoma. Secondary brain tumors most commonly metastasize from primary cancers of lung, breast, or melanoma. The five-year survival of primary and secondary brain tumors is 34% and 2.4%, respectively. Owing to poor prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, increased tumor relapse, and resistance to therapies, brain cancers have high mortality and poor survival rates compared to other cancers. Early diagnosis, effective targeted treatments, and improved prognosis have the potential to increase the survival rate of patients with primary and secondary brain malignancies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs of approximately 18–22 nucleotides that play a significant role in the regulation of multiple genes. With growing interest in the development of miRNA-based therapeutics, it is crucial to understand the differential role of these miRNAs in the given cancer scenario. This review focuses on the differential expression of ten miRNAs (miR-145, miR-31, miR-451, miR-19a, miR-143, miR-125b, miR-328, miR-210, miR-146a, and miR-126) in glioblastoma and brain metastasis. These miRNAs are highly dysregulated in both primary and metastatic brain tumors, which necessitates a better understanding of their role in these cancers. In the context of the tumor microenvironment and the expression of different genes, these miRNAs possess both oncogenic and/or tumor-suppressive roles within the same cancer.
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21
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Upadhya R, Madhu LN, Attaluri S, Gitaí DLG, Pinson MR, Kodali M, Shetty G, Zanirati G, Kumar S, Shuai B, Weintraub ST, Shetty AK. Extracellular vesicles from human iPSC-derived neural stem cells: miRNA and protein signatures, and anti-inflammatory and neurogenic properties. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1809064. [PMID: 32944193 PMCID: PMC7480597 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1809064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grafting of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has shown promise for brain repair after injury or disease, but safety issues have hindered their clinical application. Employing nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from hiPSC-NSCs appears to be a safer alternative because they likely have similar neuroreparative properties as NSCs and are amenable for non-invasive administration as an autologous or allogeneic off-the-shelf product. However, reliable methods for isolation, characterization and testing the biological properties of EVs are critically needed for translation. We investigated signatures of miRNAs and proteins and the biological activity of EVs, isolated from hiPSC-NSCs through a combination of anion-exchange chromatography (AEC) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). AEC and SEC facilitated the isolation of EVs with intact ultrastructure and expressing CD9, CD63, CD81, ALIX and TSG 101. Small RNA sequencing, proteomic analysis, pathway analysis and validation of select miRNAs and proteins revealed that EVs were enriched with miRNAs and proteins involved in neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, blood-brain barrier repairing, neurogenic and Aβ reducing activities. Besides, EVs comprised miRNAs and/or proteins capable of promoting synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity and better cognitive function. Investigations using an in vitro macrophage assay and a mouse model of status epilepticus confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of EVs. Furthermore, the intranasal administration of EVs resulted in the incorporation of EVs by neurons, microglia and astrocytes in virtually all adult rat and mouse brain regions, and enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, biologically active EVs containing miRNAs and proteins relevant to brain repair could be isolated from hiPSC-NSC cultures, making them a suitable biologic for treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Leelavathi N Madhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sahithi Attaluri
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Leite Góes Gitaí
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marisa R Pinson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Maheedhar Kodali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Geetha Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriele Zanirati
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Smrithi Kumar
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Bing Shuai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ashok K Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
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22
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Aramini B, Masciale V, Haider KH. Defining lung cancer stem cells exosomal payload of miRNAs in clinical perspective. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:406-421. [PMID: 32742559 PMCID: PMC7360993 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i6.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first publication regarding the existence of stem cells in cancer [cancer stem cells (CSCs)] in 1994, many studies have been published providing in-depth information about their biology and function. This research has paved the way in terms of appreciating the role of CSCs in tumour aggressiveness, progression, recurrence and resistance to cancer therapy. Targeting CSCs for cancer therapy has still not progressed to a sufficient degree, particularly in terms of exploring the mechanism of dynamic interconversion between CSCs and non-CSCs. Besides the CSC scenario, the problem of cancer dissemination has been analyzed in-depth with the identification and isolation of microRNAs (miRs), which are now considered to be compelling molecular markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumours in general and specifically in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Paracrine release of miRs via “exosomes” (small membrane vesicles (30-100 nm), the derivation of which lies in the luminal membranes of multi-vesicular bodies) released by fusion with the cell membrane is gaining popularity. Whether exosomes play a significant role in maintaining a dynamic equilibrium state between CSCs and non-CSCs and their mechanism of activity is as yet unknown. Future studies on CSC-related exosomes will provide new perspectives for precision-targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Aramini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy
| | - Valentina Masciale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41124, Italy
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23
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Farina AR, Cappabianca L, Sebastiano M, Zelli V, Guadagni S, Mackay AR. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing: the 11th Hallmark of Cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:110. [PMID: 32536347 PMCID: PMC7294618 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing is a potent driving force in tumour pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we update currents concepts of hypoxia-induced alternative splicing and how it influences tumour biology. Following brief descriptions of tumour-associated hypoxia and the pre-mRNA splicing process, we review the many ways hypoxia regulates alternative splicing and how hypoxia-induced alternative splicing impacts each individual hallmark of cancer. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing integrates chemical and cellular tumour microenvironments, underpins continuous adaptation of the tumour cellular microenvironment responsible for metastatic progression and plays clear roles in oncogene activation and autonomous tumour growth, tumor suppressor inactivation, tumour cell immortalization, angiogenesis, tumour cell evasion of programmed cell death and the anti-tumour immune response, a tumour-promoting inflammatory response, adaptive metabolic re-programming, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion and genetic instability, all of which combine to promote metastatic disease. The impressive number of hypoxia-induced alternative spliced protein isoforms that characterize tumour progression, classifies hypoxia-induced alternative splicing as the 11th hallmark of cancer, and offers a fertile source of potential diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Lucia Cappabianca
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Michela Sebastiano
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Guadagni
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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24
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Turdo A, Porcelli G, D’Accardo C, Di Franco S, Verona F, Forte S, Giuffrida D, Memeo L, Todaro M, Stassi G. Metabolic Escape Routes of Cancer Stem Cells and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1436. [PMID: 32486505 PMCID: PMC7352619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although improvement in early diagnosis and treatment ameliorated life expectancy of cancer patients, metastatic disease still lacks effective therapeutic approaches. Resistance to anticancer therapies stems from the refractoriness of a subpopulation of cancer cells-termed cancer stem cells (CSCs)-which is endowed with tumor initiation and metastasis formation potential. CSCs are heterogeneous and diverge by phenotypic, functional and metabolic perspectives. Intrinsic as well as extrinsic stimuli dictated by the tumor microenvironment (TME)have critical roles in determining cell metabolic reprogramming from glycolytic toward an oxidative phenotype and vice versa, allowing cancer cells to thrive in adverse milieus. Crosstalk between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment occurs through the interchange of metabolites, miRNAs and exosomes that drive cancer cells metabolic adaptation. Herein, we identify the metabolic nodes of CSCs and discuss the latest advances in targeting metabolic demands of both CSCs and stromal cells with the scope of improving current therapies and preventing cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Caterina D’Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesco Verona
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Stefano Forte
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
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25
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Hassn Mesrati M, Behrooz AB, Y. Abuhamad A, Syahir A. Understanding Glioblastoma Biomarkers: Knocking a Mountain with a Hammer. Cells 2020; 9:E1236. [PMID: 32429463 PMCID: PMC7291262 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent and deadly form of human primary brain tumors. Among them, the most common and aggressive type is the high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which rapidly grows and renders patients a very poor prognosis. Meanwhile, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been determined in gliomas and play vital roles in driving tumor growth due to their competency in self-renewal and proliferation. Studies of gliomas have recognized CSCs via specific markers. This review comprehensively examines the current knowledge of the most significant CSCs markers in gliomas in general and in glioblastoma in particular and specifically focuses on their outlook and importance in gliomas CSCs research. We suggest that CSCs should be the superior therapeutic approach by directly targeting the markers. In addition, we highlight the association of these markers with each other in relation to their cascading pathways, and interactions with functional miRNAs, providing the role of the networks axes in glioblastoma signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amir Syahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.M.); (A.B.B.); (A.Y.A.)
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26
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Wu KJ. The role of miRNA biogenesis and DDX17 in tumorigenesis and cancer stemness. Biomed J 2020; 43:107-114. [PMID: 32513392 PMCID: PMC7283569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stemness represents one of the major mechanisms that predispose patients to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and treatment resistance. MicroRNA biogenesis is an important process controlling miRNA processing and maturation. Deregulation of miRNA biogenesis can lead to tumorigenesis and cancer stemness. DDX17 is a co-factor of the miRNA microprocessor. Misregulation of DDX17 can be associated with cancer stemness. K63-linked polyubiquitination of DDX17 presents a concerted mechanism of decreased synthesis of stemness-inhibiting miRNAs and increased transcriptional activation of stemness-related gene expression. K63-linked polyubiquitination of HAUSP serves as a scaffold to anchor HIF-1α, CBP, the mediator complex, and the super-elongation complex to enhance HIF-1α-induced gene transcription. Recent progress in RNA modifications shows that RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a crucial mechanism to regulate RNA levels. M6A modification of miRNAs can also be linked to tumorigenesis and cancer stemness. Overall, miRNA biogenesis and K63-linked polyubiquitination of DDX17 play an important role in the induction of cancer stemness. Delineation of the mechanisms and identification of suitable targets may provide new therapeutic options for treatment-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou-Juey Wu
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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27
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Hypoxia and lncRNAs in gastrointestinal cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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28
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Rock LD, Minatel BC, Marshall EA, Guisier F, Sage AP, Barros-Filho MC, Stewart GL, Garnis C, Lam WL. Expanding the Transcriptome of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Novel MicroRNA Discovery. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1305. [PMID: 31828039 PMCID: PMC6890850 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a poor survival rate mainly due to late stage diagnosis and recurrence. Despite genomic efforts to identify driver mutations and changes in protein-coding gene expression, developing effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers remains a priority to guide disease management and improve patient outcome. Recent reports of previously-unannotated microRNAs (miRNAs) from multiple somatic tissues have raised the possibility of HNSCC-specific miRNAs. In this study, we applied a customized in-silico analysis pipeline to identify novel miRNAs from raw small-RNA sequencing datasets from public repositories. We discovered 146 previously-unannotated sequences expressed in head and neck samples that share structural properties highly characteristic of miRNAs. The combined expression of the novel miRNAs revealed tissue and context-specific patterns. Furthermore, comparison of tumor with non-malignant tissue samples (n = 43 pairs) revealed 135 of these miRNAs as differentially expressed, most of which were overexpressed or exclusively found in tumor samples. Additionally, a subset of novel miRNAs was significantly associated with HPV infection status and patient outcome. A prognostic-model combining novel and known miRNA was developed (multivariate Cox regression analysis) leading to an improved death and relapse risk stratification (log rank p < 1e-7). The presence of these miRNAs was corroborated both in an independent dataset and by RT-qPCR analysis, supporting their potential involvement in HNSCC. In this study, we report the discovery of 146 novel miRNAs in head and neck tissues and demonstrate their potential biological significance and clinical relevance to head and neck cancer, providing a new resource for the study of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigha D Rock
- Department of Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Brenda C Minatel
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Florian Guisier
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pulmonology and CIC-CRB 1404, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Adam P Sage
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mateus Camargo Barros-Filho
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Research Center-A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Greg L Stewart
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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29
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Zhao X, Song Q, Miao G, Zhu X. MicroRNA-3651 promotes the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by targeting PTEN. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7045-7054. [PMID: 31695418 PMCID: PMC6718252 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s213705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in human worldwide. Evidence indicated that upregulation of microRNA-3651 (miR-3651) was observed in human HCC tissues. In this study, we explored the mechanisms by which miR-3651 regulated the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of HCC. Methods The levels of miR-3651 in human HCC tissues were detected using qRT-PCR assay. In addition, transwell invasion and Western blot assay were conducted to detect cell invasion and apoptosis, respectively. Meanwhile, the dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to explore the interaction of miR-3651 and phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromsome ten (PTEN) in HCC. Results The levels of miR-3651 were upregulated in HCC tissues in comparison with the matched normal tissues. Overexpression of miR-3651 significantly promoted the proliferation and invasion of Huh-7 cells. In contrast, inhibition of miR-3651 markedly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of Huh-7 cells via promoting apoptosis. Moreover, downregulation of miR-3651 markedly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified that PTEN was the directly binding target of miR-3651 in Huh-7 cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR-3651 obviously decreased the level of PTEN, and increased the expressions of p-p85 and p-Akt in Huh-7 cells. Conclusion These results indicated that miR-3651 might act as a potential oncogene in HCC by targeting PTEN. Therefore, miR-3651 might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Miao
- Department of Outpatient Guidance, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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30
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Chen S, Zhang J, Sun L, Li X, Bai J, Zhang H, Li T. miR-611 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells by targeting FOXN3. Oral Dis 2019; 25:1906-1918. [PMID: 31419344 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The function of miR-611 has not yet been reported. We aimed to investigate the effects of miR-611 on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression level of miR-611 in TSCC tissues was measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were examined by performing CCK-8, IncuCyte and Transwell assays. Bioinformatics analyses and microarrays were used to screen for target genes, which were verified using a luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The xenograft model was used to assess the effects of miR-611 in vivo. RESULTS miR-611 was upregulated in TSCC tissues, which was significantly correlated with TNM stage and negatively associated with the overall survival of patients. In addition, upregulation of miR-611 not only potentiated the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of TSCC cells in vitro, but also promoted tumour growth in vivo. FOXN3 was identified as a candidate target gene of miR-611 and subsequently verified. Finally, miR-611 induced a malignant phenotype of TSCC, which was rescued by overexpression of FOXN3. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that miR-611 is a novel therapeutic target for TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lisha Sun
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefen Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Bai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Heyu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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31
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LncRNA HOTAIR in Tumor Microenvironment: What Role? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092279. [PMID: 31072041 PMCID: PMC6539022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
lncRNAs participate in many cellular processes, including regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In addition, many lncRNAs can contribute to the development of different human diseases including cancer. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role during tumor growth and metastatic progression, and most of these lncRNAs have a key function in TME intracellular signaling. Among the numerous identified lncRNAs, several experimental evidences have shown the fundamental role of the lncRNA HOTAIR in carcinogenesis, also highlighting its use as a circulating biomarker. In this review we described the contribution of HOTAIR in the TME modulation, highlighting its relation with cellular and non-cellular components during tumor evolution and progression.
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