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Ventresca S, Lepri FR, Criscuolo S, Bottaro G, Novelli A, Loche S, Cappa M. Case report: Long term response to growth hormone in a child with Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotype due to a novel paternally inherited IGF2 variant. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1364234. [PMID: 38596219 PMCID: PMC11002242 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1364234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS, OMIM, 180860) is a rare genetic disorder with a wide spectrum of symptoms. The most common features are intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), poor postnatal development, macrocephaly, triangular face, prominent forehead, body asymmetry, and feeding problems. The diagnosis of SRS is based on a combination of clinical features. Up to 60% of SRS patients have chromosome 7 or 11 abnormalities, and <1% show abnormalities in IGF2 signaling pathway genes (IGF2, HMGA2, PLAG1 and CDKN1C). The underlying genetic cause remains unknown in about 40% of cases (idiopathic SRS). We report a novel IGF2 variant c.[-6-2A>G] (NM_000612) in a child with severe IUGR and clinical features of SRS and confirm the utility of targeted exome sequencing in patients with negative results to common genetic analyses. In addition, we report that long-term growth hormone treatment improves height SDS in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ventresca
- Pediatric Section, University Hospital Arcispedale Sant’Anna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Pediatric University Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabrina Criscuolo
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Pediatric University Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Pediatric University Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bottaro
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Pediatric University Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Loche
- Research Area for Innovative Therapies in Endocrinopathies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cappa
- Research Area for Innovative Therapies in Endocrinopathies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Liu Y, Yang Y, Chu L, Ren S, Li Y, Gao A, Wen J, Deng W, Lu Y, Kong L, Liang B, Shao X. Case Report: A Paternal 20q13.2-q13.32 Deletion Patient With Growth Retardation Improved by Growth Hormone. Front Genet 2022; 13:859185. [PMID: 35401665 PMCID: PMC8987769 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.859185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial chromosome 20q deletions, containing GNAS imprinted locus, are rarely reported in the past. Hereby, we presented a Chinese boy with a novel 4.36 Mb deletion at paternal 20q13.2-13.32, showing feeding difficulty, malnutrition, short stature, lower limb asymmetry, sightly abnormal facial appearance and mild intellectual abnormality. With 3 years’ growth hormone treatment, his height was increased from 90 to 113.5 cm. This report is the first time to describe the outcome of clinical treatment on a patient with this rare chromosomal 20 long arm interstitial deletion, containing GNAS locus, which may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of this type of patient in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Liming Chu
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Aimin Gao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Wanling Deng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingyin Kong
- Basecare Medical Device Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liang, ; Xiaoshan Shao,
| | - Xiaoshan Shao
- Department of Renal Rheumatology and Immunology, Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Guiyang Children’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Liang, ; Xiaoshan Shao,
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Loid P, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Ala-Mello S, Hannula-Jouppi K, Kere J, Mäkitie O, Muurinen M. Case report: A novel de novo IGF2 missense variant in a Finnish patient with Silver-Russell syndrome. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:969881. [PMID: 36268036 PMCID: PMC9578642 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.969881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS, OMIM 180860) is a rare imprinting disorder characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, feeding difficulties in early childhood, characteristic facial features, and body asymmetry. The molecular cause most commonly relates to hypomethylation of the imprinted 11p15.5 IGF2/H19 domain but remains unknown in about 40% of the patients. Recently, heterozygous paternally inherited pathogenic variants in IGF2, the gene encoding insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), have been identified in patients with SRS. We report a novel de novo missense variant in IGF2 (c.122T > G, p.Leu41Arg) on the paternally derived allele in a 16-year-old boy with a clinical diagnosis of SRS. The missense variant was identified by targeted exome sequencing and predicted pathogenic by multiple in silico tools. It affects a highly conserved residue on a domain that is important for binding of other molecules. Our finding expands the spectrum of disease-causing variants in IGF2. Targeted exome sequencing is a useful diagnostic tool in patients with negative results of common diagnostic tests for SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Loid
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Genetics Research Program, Helsinki, Finland.,Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marita Lipsanen-Nyman
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Ala-Mello
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Hannula-Jouppi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Genetics Research Program, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Genetics Research Program, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Genetics Research Program, Helsinki, Finland.,Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mari Muurinen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Genetics Research Program, Helsinki, Finland.,Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Short stature is a common clinical manifestation in children. Yet, a cause is often unidentifiable in the majority of children with short stature by a routine screening approach. The purpose of this review is to describe the optimal genetic approach for evaluating short stature, challenges of genetic testing, and recent advances in genetic testing for short stature. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic testing, such as karyotype, chromosomal microarray, targeted gene sequencing, or exome sequencing, has served to identify the underlying genetic causes of short stature. When determining which short stature patient would benefit from genetic evaluation, it is important to consider whether the patient would have a single identifiable genetic cause. Specific diagnoses permit clinicians to predict responses to growth hormone treatment, to understand the phenotypic spectrum, and to understand any associated co-morbidities. SUMMARY The continued progress in the field of genetics and enhanced capabilities provided by genetic testing methods expands the ability of physicians to evaluate children with short stature for underlying genetic defects. Continued effort is needed to elaborate new genetic causes of linear growth disorders, therefore, we expand the list of known genes for short stature, which will subsequently increase the rate of genetic diagnosis for children with short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Zhou
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Hauser
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Youn Hee Jee
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
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