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Jia Q, Cao Y, Zhang M, Xing Y, Xia T, Guo Y, Yue Y, Li X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Li D, Li Z, Tian Y, Kang X, Li H. miR-19b-3p regulated by estrogen controls lipid synthesis through targeting MSMO1 and ELOVL5 in LMH cells. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103200. [PMID: 37939591 PMCID: PMC10665931 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-19b-3p is reported to undertake various biological role, while its function and action mechanism in chicken hepatic lipid metabolism is unclear. Conservation analysis and tissue expression pattern of miR-19b-3p and its target gene were evaluated, respectively. Dual luciferase reporter system and Western blot technologies were adopted to validate miR-19b-3p target gene. Overexpression and knockdown assays were done to explore the biological functions of miR-19b-3p and target gene in Leghorn Male Hepatoma cell line (LMH). Regulatory approaches of estrogen on miR-19b-3p and target gene expressions are analyzed through site-directed mutation combined with estrogen receptors antagonist treatment assays. The results showed that chicken miR-19b-3p mature sequences are highly conserved among Capra hircus, Columba livia, Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, Cricetulus griseus, Danio rerio, Danio novaehollandiae, Orycodylus porosus, Crocodylus porosus, Gadus morhua, and widely expressed in lung, ovary, spleen, duodenum, kidney, heart, liver, leg muscle, and pectoral muscle tissues. miR-19b-3p could significantly increase intracellular triglyceride (TG) content and decrease intracellular cholesterol (TC) content via targeting methylsterol monooxygenase 1 (MSMO1) and elongase of very long chain fatty acids 5 (ELOVL5), which are highly conserved among species, in both mRNA and protein levels. Estrogen could inhibit miR-19b-3p expression, but directly promoted MSMO1 transcription via estrogen receptor α (ERα) and indirectly regulated ELOVL5 expression at the transcription level. Meanwhile, estrogen could also upregulate MSMO1 and ELOVL5 expression through inhibiting miR-19b-3p expression at the post-transcription level. Taken together, these results highlight the role and regulatory mechanism of miR-19b-3p in hepatic lipid metabolism in chicken, and might produce useful comparative information for human obesity studies and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuzhu Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuxin Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Tian Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yulong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yaxin Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Donghua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Bao Q, Wang L, Hu X, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Chang G, Chen G. Developmental Changes of Duckling Liver and Isolation of Primary Hepatocytes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1820. [PMID: 37889689 PMCID: PMC10252113 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the main site of fat synthesis and plays an important role in the study of fat deposition in poultry. In this study, we investigated the developmental changes of duckling livers and isolated primary duck hepatocytes. Firstly, we observed morphological changes in duckling livers from the embryonic period to the first week after hatching. Liver weight increased with age. Hematoxylin-eosin and Oil Red O staining analyses showed that hepatic lipids increased gradually during the embryonic period and declined post-hatching. Liver samples were collected from 21-day-old duck embryos for hepatocyte isolation. The hepatocytes showed limited self-renewal and proliferative ability and were maintained in culture for up to 7 days. Typical parenchymal morphology, with a characteristic polygonal shape, appeared after two days of culture. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining analysis confirmed the characteristics of duck embryo hepatocytes. PCR analysis showed that these cells from duck embryos expressed the liver cell markers ALB and CD36. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence analysis also confirmed ALB and CK18 expression. Our findings provide a novel insight regarding in vitro cell culture and the characteristics of hepatocytes from avian species, which could enable further studies concerning specific research on duck lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Bao
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Laidi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiaodan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Chunyou Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Poultry Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Q.B.); (L.W.); (X.H.); (C.Y.); (G.C.); (G.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Purinergic signaling during Marek's disease in chickens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2044. [PMID: 36739336 PMCID: PMC9899245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic receptors (PRs) have been reported as potential therapeutic targets for many viral infections including herpesviruses, which urges the investigation into their role in Marek's disease (MD), a herpesvirus induced cancer in chickens that is an important pathogen for the poultry industry. MD is caused by MD virus (MDV) that has a similar viral life cycle as human varicella zoster virus in that it is shed from infected epithelial skin cells and enters the host through the respiratory route. In this report, PR responses during natural MDV infection and disease progression was examined in MD-resistant white Leghorns (WL) and MD-susceptible Pure Columbian (PC) chickens during natural infection. Whole lung lavage cells (WLLC) and liver tissue samples were collected from chickens infected but showing no clinical signs of MD (Infected) or presenting with clinical disease (Diseased). RNA was extracted followed by RT-qPCR analysis with gene specific primers against members of the P1, P2X, and P2Y PR families. Differential expression (p < 0.05) was observed in breed and disease conditions. Some PRs showed tissue specific expression (P1A1, P2X1, and P2X6 in WLLC) whereas others responded to MDV infection only in MD-susceptible (PC) chickens (P1A2A, P2X1, P2X5, P2X7). P2Y PRs had differential expression in both chicken lines in response to MDV infection and MD progression. This study is the first to our knowledge to examine PR responses during MDV infection and disease progression. These results suggest PR signaling may an important area of research for MDV replication and MD.
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Wang D, Teng M, Wang Y, Cao Y, Tian W, Wang Z, Guo Y, Li H, Li Z, Jiang R, Li G, Tian Y, Liu X. GPNMB promotes abdominal fat deposition in chickens: genetic variation, expressional profile, biological function, and transcriptional regulation. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102216. [PMID: 36279606 PMCID: PMC9597125 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a vital secreted factor that promotes the occurrence of obesity in mammals. However, the effects of GPNMB on abdominal fat deposition is still unknown in chickens. In this study, we looked into the genetic and expression association of GPNMB gene with abdominal fat traits in chicken, and found that a genetic variation rs31126482 in GPNMB promoter was significantly associated with abdominal fat weight (AFW, P < 0.05) and abdominal fat percentage (AFP, P < 0.01). Express profile analysis of the GPNMB indicated that the gene was mainly expressed in abdominal fat tissue, and its expression level was strongly positively correlated with AFW (R2 = 0.6356, P = 4.10E−05) and AFP (R2 = 0.6450, P = 2.90E−05). We then investigated biological function of GPNMB on adipogenesis in chicken, and found that GPNMB could inhibit abdominal preadipocyte proliferation, but promote abdominal preadipocyte differentiation and lipid deposition. Furthermore, we explored regulatory mechanism of GPNMB gene in chicken, and detected one nonclassical estrogen regulatory element (AP1) and one peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) responsive element in the 2 kb promoter region of GPNMB gene, and demonstrated that estrogen could up-regulate GPNMB mRNA expression in adipose tissue and primary abdominal preadipocytes, while PPARα could down-regulate GPNMB expression in primary preadipocytes. Taken together, this study brings new insights into understanding the function and transcriptional control of GPNMB gene, and provides genetic markers for breeding selection to improve abdominal fat traits in chicken.
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Hanlon C, Ziezold CJ, Bédécarrats GY. The Diverse Roles of 17β-Estradiol in Non-Gonadal Tissues and Its Consequential Impact on Reproduction in Laying and Broiler Breeder Hens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:942790. [PMID: 35846017 PMCID: PMC9283702 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.942790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol-17β (E2) has long been studied as the primary estrogen involved in sexual maturation of hens. Due to the oviparous nature of avian species, ovarian production of E2 has been indicated as the key steroid responsible for activating the formation of the eggshell and internal egg components in hens. This involves the integration and coordination between ovarian follicular development, liver metabolism and bone physiology to produce the follicle, yolk and albumen, and shell, respectively. However, the ability of E2 to be synthesized by non-gonadal tissues such as the skin, heart, muscle, liver, brain, adipose tissue, pancreas, and adrenal glands demonstrates the capability of this hormone to influence a variety of physiological processes. Thus, in this review, we intend to re-establish the role of E2 within these tissues and identify direct and indirect integration between the control of reproduction, metabolism, and bone physiology. Specifically, the sources of E2 and its activity in these tissues via the estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, GPR30) is described. This is followed by an update on the role of E2 during sexual differentiation of the embryo and maturation of the hen. We then also consider the implications of the recent discovery of additional E2 elevations during an extended laying cycle. Next, the specific roles of E2 in yolk formation and skeletal development are outlined. Finally, the consequences of altered E2 production in mature hens and the associated disorders are discussed. While these areas of study have been previously independently considered, this comprehensive review intends to highlight the critical roles played by E2 to alter and coordinate physiological processes in preparation for the laying cycle.
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Song J, Shi X, Li X, Liang Q, Zeng L, Li G, Yan Y, Xu G, Zheng J. Associations of the T329S Polymorphism in Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 With Atherosclerosis and Fatty Liver Syndrome in 90-Week-Old Hens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:868602. [PMID: 35433899 PMCID: PMC9009339 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.868602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the spontaneous genetic mutation T329S in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) on atherosclerosis (AS), fatty liver syndrome (FLS), and adiposity in 90-week-old layers. At 90 weeks of age, 27 FMO3 genotyped Rhode Island White chickens (consisting of nine AA hens, nine AT hens, and nine TT hens) with normal laying performance were selected. The AS lesions, incidence of FLS, fat deposition, metabolic characteristics, and production performance of these egg-layers with different FMO3 genotypes were assessed. The T329S mutation in TT hens reduced the AS lesions (P < 0.01) and altered the plasma metabolic indices more than it did in the AA and AT hens. Furthermore, it reduced the incidence of FLS, hepatic triglyceride deposition (P < 0.05), liver indices (P < 0.05), and fat deposition (P < 0.05) in the subcutis and abdomen of TT hens compared to those of AA and AT hens. Moreover, as an effect of T329S, TT hens laid a higher than average number of eggs and maintained a higher egg-laying rate from 68 to 90 weeks than AA and AT hens. Our study confirmed that the T329S mutation in FMO3 could reduce the development of AS lesions, the incidence of FLS, and fat deposition, which are associated with changes in plasma and hepatic metabolic indices and improvements in the laying performance of older layers. Our results may provide a new strategy for using the T329S mutation to improve the health status and production performance of layers during the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlou Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianni Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingsen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangqi Li
- Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yiyuan Yan
- Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiangxia Zheng
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Song J, Huang M, Shi X, Li X, Chen X, He Z, Li J, Xu G, Zheng J. T329S Mutation in the FMO3 Gene Alleviates Lipid Metabolic Diseases in Chickens in the Late Laying Period. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010048. [PMID: 35011153 PMCID: PMC8749748 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The lipid deposition and health status of egg-laying hens is crucial to the development of the poultry industry. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of genetic variations in the flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) on the lipid metabolic diseases of laying hens during the late laying period. The results showed that the T329S mutation in FMO3 moderated the lipid parameters and decreased the atherosclerotic lesions and hepatic steatosis in laying hens with homozygous T329S mutation. In conclusion, the T329S mutation in FMO3 is closely associated with the improvement of lipid metabolic diseases in laying hens during the late laying period. The results of this study may contribute to overcoming the challenge of lipid metabolic diseases in laying hens during the late laying period. Abstract The T329S mutation in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) impairs the trimethylamine (TMA) metabolism in laying hens. The TMA metabolic pathway is closely linked to lipid metabolic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the T329S mutation in FMO3 on lipid metabolism in chickens during the late laying period. We selected 18 FMO3 genotyped individuals (consisting of six AA, six AT, and six TT hens) with similar body weight and production performance. The lipid metabolism and deposition characteristics of the laying hens with different genotypes were compared. The T329S mutation moderated the serum-lipid parameters in TT hens compared to those in AA and AT hens from 49 to 62 weeks. Furthermore, it reduced the serum trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations and increased the serum total bile acid (p < 0.05) and related lipid transporter levels in TT hens. Moreover, it significantly (p < 0.01) decreased atherosclerotic lesions and hepatic steatosis in TT hens compared to those in the AA and AT hens. Our findings may help improve the health status in laying hens during the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlou Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.S.); (M.H.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Mingyi Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.S.); (M.H.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Xuefeng Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.S.); (M.H.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Xianyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.S.); (M.H.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Xia Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;
| | - Zhaoxiang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.S.); (M.H.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Junying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.S.); (M.H.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Guiyun Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.S.); (M.H.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
| | - Jiangxia Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.S.); (M.H.); (X.S.); (X.L.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (G.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-2741; Fax: +86-10-6273-1080
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Detoxification, Hydrogen Sulphide Metabolism and Wound Healing Are the Main Functions That Differentiate Caecum Protein Expression from Ileum of Week-Old Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113155. [PMID: 34827887 PMCID: PMC8614574 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the ileum and caecum represent adjacent parts of the gastrointestinal tract, both compartments differ by function as well as inner environment parameters such as oxygen availability or density of colonising microbiota. As the function of a particular tissue is generally reflected by protein expression, mass spectrometry proteomics was used to characterise expressed proteins of both segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Differentially expressed proteins were identified and grouped according to biological processes specific to both gut compartments. Abstract Sections of chicken gut differ in many aspects, e.g., the passage of digesta (continuous vs. discontinuous), the concentration of oxygen, and the density of colonising microbiota. Using an unbiased LC-MS/MS protocol, we compared protein expression in 18 ileal and 57 caecal tissue samples that originated from 7-day old ISA brown chickens. We found that proteins specific to the ileum were either structural (e.g., 3 actin isoforms, villin, or myosin 1A), or those required for nutrient digestion (e.g., sucrose isomaltase, maltase–glucoamylase, peptidase D) and absorption (e.g., fatty acid-binding protein 2 and 6 or bile acid–CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase). On the other hand, proteins characteristic of the caecum were involved in sensing and limiting the consequences of oxidative stress (e.g., thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin 6), cell adhesion, and motility associated with wound healing (e.g., fibronectin 1, desmoyokin). These mechanisms are coupled with the activation of mechanisms suppressing the inflammatory response (galectin 1). Rather prominent were also expressions of proteins linked to hydrogen sulphide metabolism in caecum represented by cystathionin beta synthase, selenium-binding protein 1, mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase, and thiosulphate sulphurtransferase. Higher mRNA expression of nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2, the main oxidative stress transcriptional factor in caecum, further supported our observations.
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Xiang H, Gan J, Zeng D, Li J, Yu H, Zhao H, Yang Y, Tan S, Li G, Luo C, Xie Z, Zhao G, Li H. Specific Microbial Taxa and Functional Capacity Contribute to Chicken Abdominal Fat Deposition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643025. [PMID: 33815329 PMCID: PMC8010200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically selected chickens with better growth and early maturation show an incidental increase in abdominal fat deposition (AFD). Accumulating evidence reveals a strong association between gut microbiota and adiposity. However, studies focusing on the role of gut microbiota in chicken obesity in conventional breeds are limited. Therefore, 400 random broilers with different levels of AFD were used to investigate the gut microbial taxa related to AFD by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 76 representative samples, and to identify the specific microbial taxa contributing to fat-related metabolism using shotgun metagenomic analyses of eight high and low AFD chickens. The results demonstrated that the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota decrease as the accumulation of chicken abdominal fat increases. The decrease of Bacteroidetes and the increase of Firmicutes were correlated with the accumulation of chicken AFD. The Bacteroidetes phylum, including the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and the species, B. salanitronis, B. fragilis, and P. distasonis, were correlated to alleviate obesity by producing secondary metabolites. Several genera of Firmicutes phylum with circulating lipoprotein lipase activity were linked to the accumulation of chicken body fat. Moreover, the genera, Olsenella and Slackia, might positively contribute to fat and energy metabolism, whereas the genus, Methanobrevibacter, was possible to enhance energy capture, and associated to accumulate chicken AFD. These findings provide insights into the roles of the gut microbiota in complex traits and contribute to the development of effective therapies for the reduction of chicken fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiankang Gan
- Guangdong Tinoo's Foods Group Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, China
| | - Daoshu Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Guangdong Tinoo's Foods Group Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, China.,Xianxi Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Haiquan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Xianxi Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Shuwen Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Xianxi Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
| | - Gen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chaowei Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhuojun Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Guangdong Tinoo's Foods Group Co., Ltd., Qingyuan, China.,Xianxi Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Foshan, China
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Expression characteristics and regulatory mechanism of Apela gene in liver of chicken (Gallus gallus). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238784. [PMID: 32915867 PMCID: PMC7485868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Apela, a novel endogenous peptide ligand for the G-protein-coupled apelin receptor, was first discovered and identified in human embryonic stem cells in 2013. Apela has showed some biological functions in promoting angiogenesis and inducing vasodilatation of mammals by binding apelin receptor, but little is known about its expression characteristics and regulatory mechanism in chicken. In the present study, the coding sequences of Apela in chicken was cloned. The evolution history and potential function of Apela were analyzed. Subsequently, the spatiotemporal expression characteristics of chicken Apela were investigated. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of Apela mRNA responsing to estrogen was explored by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that the length of the CDs of Apela mRNA was 165 bp and encoded a protein consisting of 54 amino acids residues with a transmembrane domain in chicken. The Apela was derived from the same ancestor of Apelin, and abundantly expressed in liver, kidney and pancreas tissues. The expression levels of Apela in the liver of hens were significantly higher at the peak-laying stage than that at the pre-laying stage (p ≤ 0.05). The Apela mRNA levels were significantly up-regulated in primary hepatocytes treated with 17β-estradiol (p ≤ 0.05), and could be effectively inhibited by estrogen receptor antagonists MPP, ICI 182780 and tamoxifen. It indicated that chicken Apela expression was regulated by estrogen via estrogen receptor α (ERα). In individual levels, both the contents of TG, TC and VLDL-c in serum, and the expression of ApoVLDLII and Apela in liver markedly up-regulated by 17β-estradiol induction at 1mg/kg and 2mg/kg concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). This study lays a foundation for further research on Apela involving in hepatic lipid metabolism.
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