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Lu Q, Du Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li H, He W, Tang Y, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhu X, Lu Y. A Genome-Wide Association Study for Susceptibility to Axial Length in Highly Myopic Eyes. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:255-267. [PMID: 37325711 PMCID: PMC10260730 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High myopia has long been highly prevalent worldwide with a largely yet unexplained genetic contribution. To identify novel susceptibility genes for axial length (AL) in highly myopic eyes, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using the genomic dataset of 350 deep whole-genome sequencing data from highly myopic patients. Top single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were functionally annotated. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were performed using neural retina of form-deprived myopic mice. Enrichment analyses were further performed. We identified the four top SNPs and found that ADAM Metallopeptidase With Thrombospondin Type 1 Motif 16 (ADAMTS16) and Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Anchor Biosynthesis Class Z (PIGZ) had the potential of clinical significance. Animal experiments confirmed that PIGZ expression could be observed and showed higher expression level in form-deprived mice, especially in the ganglion cell layer. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of both ADAMTS16 and PIGZ were significantly higher in the neural retina of form-deprived eyes (p = 0.005 and 0.007 respectively), and both proteins showed significantly upregulated expression in the neural retina of deprived eyes (p = 0.004 and 0.042, respectively). Enrichment analysis revealed a significant role of cellular adhesion and signal transduction in AL, and also several AL-related pathways including circadian entrainment and inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels were proposed. In conclusion, the current study identified four novel SNPs associated with AL in highly myopic eyes and confirmed that the expression of ADAMTS16 and PIGZ was significantly upregulated in neural retina of deprived eyes. Enrichment analyses provided novel insight into the etiology of high myopia and opened avenues for future research interest. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00082-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Wenwen He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yating Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Zhennan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yinglei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Eye Institute, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200031 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200031 China
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Zeitz C, Roger JE, Audo I, Michiels C, Sánchez-Farías N, Varin J, Frederiksen H, Wilmet B, Callebert J, Gimenez ML, Bouzidi N, Blond F, Guilllonneau X, Fouquet S, Léveillard T, Smirnov V, Vincent A, Héon E, Sahel JA, Kloeckener-Gruissem B, Sennlaub F, Morgans CW, Duvoisin RM, Tkatchenko AV, Picaud S. Shedding light on myopia by studying complete congenital stationary night blindness. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 93:101155. [PMID: 36669906 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Myopia is the most common eye disorder, caused by heterogeneous genetic and environmental factors. Rare progressive and stationary inherited retinal disorders are often associated with high myopia. Genes implicated in myopia encode proteins involved in a variety of biological processes including eye morphogenesis, extracellular matrix organization, visual perception, circadian rhythms, and retinal signaling. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in animal models mimicking myopia are helpful in suggesting candidate genes implicated in human myopia. Complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB) in humans and animal models represents an ON-bipolar cell signal transmission defect and is also associated with high myopia. Thus, it represents also an interesting model to identify myopia-related genes, as well as disease mechanisms. While the origin of night blindness is molecularly well established, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of myopia development in subjects with cCSNB. Using whole transcriptome analysis on three different mouse models of cCSNB (in Gpr179-/-, Lrit3-/- and Grm6-/-), we identified novel actors of the retinal signaling cascade, which are also novel candidate genes for myopia. Meta-analysis of our transcriptomic data with published transcriptomic databases and genome-wide association studies from myopia cases led us to propose new biological/cellular processes/mechanisms potentially at the origin of myopia in cCSNB subjects. The results provide a foundation to guide the development of pharmacological myopia therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
| | - Jérome E Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Juliette Varin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Helen Frederiksen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Wilmet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INSERM U942, Hospital Lariboisière, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Nassima Bouzidi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Blond
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphane Fouquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Vasily Smirnov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Héon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Florian Sennlaub
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Catherine W Morgans
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert M Duvoisin
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrei V Tkatchenko
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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She M, Li T, Shi W, Li B, Zhou X. AREG is involved in scleral remodeling in form‐deprivation myopia via the ERK1/2‐MMP‐2 pathway. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22289. [PMID: 35436023 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200132r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man She
- Department of Ophthalmology Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Bing Li
- Central Laboratory Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
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Lin Y, Jiang D, Li C, Huang X, Xiao H, Liu L, Chen Y. Interactions between genetic variants and near-work activities in incident myopia in schoolchildren: a 4-year prospective longitudinal study. Clin Exp Optom 2022; 106:303-310. [PMID: 35021948 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.2024070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Knowledge of interactions between genetic variants and near-work activities at the onset of myopia can facilitate health education regarding myopia. BACKGROUND To investigate the interactions between genetic variants (PDE10A, AREG and GABRR1) and near-work activities in the onset of myopia in southeastern Chinese school children. METHODS A total of 458 non-myopic, grade 1 children aged 6-7 years were included in a 4-year follow-up examination; 409 children were assessed further. Manifest (non-cycloplegic) refraction and axial length (AL) were measured every year, and questionnaires were administered annually to assess information regarding the demographic characteristics of children, near-work activities, outdoor exposure and parental myopia. Oral mucosa was collected in the last year of follow-up, and Sanger sequencing was used to genotype single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA. RESULTS The cumulative change in the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) over 4 years was -1.20 ± 1.00 D, and the proportion of children with incident myopia was 42.9%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that an increased amount of time spent doing homework (>2 h/d) was an independent risk factor for incident myopia. The PDE10A rs12206610CT genotype and spending > 5 h/d on near-work activities showed an interaction for incident myopia (OR = 4.29, 95% CI: 1.27-14.53; Pinteraction = 0.02); moreover, the rs12206610CT genotype carriers who used electronic devices for > 1 h/d displayed an increased risk of incident myopia (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.07-11.01; Pinteraction = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS The rs2206610CT genotype carriers with near-work activities of >5 h/d were more likely to show incident myopia, especially those who used electronic devices >1 h/d. However, interactions between the rs12206610 SNP and near-work activities require further verification in animal models and larger sample cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Lin
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunchun Li
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Huang
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haishao Xiao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjie Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang X, Fan Q, Zhang F, Liang G, Pan CW. Gene-environment Interaction in Spherical Equivalent and Myopia: An Evidence-based Review. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:435-442. [PMID: 34546856 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1958350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Association between gene-environment interaction and myopia/spherical equivalent has not been systematically reported. This paper reviewed nine studies concerning gene-environment interaction in myopia. METHODS We obtained relevant studies concerning gene-environment interaction in myopia by systematically searching the MEDLINE(PubMed), Cochrane, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang databases before 31 March 2020. Data were analyzed by STATA version 16.0 software, and figures were drawn by ArcGIS V.10.0 software. RESULTS Nine studies were included in this review concerning gene-environment interaction. Gene and education interaction in adult cohorts suggested a more significant genetic effect in higher education levels than lower education levels, using both candidate genes and PRS approaches. Several interacted genetic variants, including ZMAT4(rs2137277), GJD2(rs524952), TJP2 (rs11145488) from adult study and ZMAT4(rs7829127) from child study are pinpointed out, but the replication attempts were limited. Besides, the genetic effect was associated with a significant shift at a higher educational level (Pooled β = -0.15,95%CI = -0.19-0.11) towards myopia than that at a lower education level (Pooled β = -0.10,95%CI = -0.11-0.09). CONCLUSION This study summarizes the relationship between gene-environment interaction and myopia, and interaction effect of the gene or genetic risk score with the environment could be found in these studies. The effect of gene-environment (higher education) interaction substantially impacts myopia in adult studies. Evidence that environmental factors (Increased near-work time/decreased outdoor activities) increase the genetic risk is still limited, and specific SNPs contributing to gene-environment effect are not determined yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Liu L, He J, Lu X, Yuan Y, Jiang D, Xiao H, Lin S, Xu L, Chen Y. Association of Myopia and Genetic Variants of TGFB2-AS1 and TGFBR1 in the TGF-β Signaling Pathway: A Longitudinal Study in Chinese School-Aged Children. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628182. [PMID: 33996791 PMCID: PMC8115727 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myopia is a complex multifactorial condition which involves several overlapping signaling pathways mediated by distinct genes. This prospective cohort study evaluated the associations of two genetic variants in the TGF-β signaling pathway with the onset and progression of myopia and ocular biometric parameters in Chinese school-aged children. Methods A total of 556 second grade children were examined and followed up for 3.5 years. Non-cycloplegic refraction and ocular biometric parameters were measured annually. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the effect of the TGFBR1 rs10760673 and TGFB2-AS1 rs7550232 variants on the occurrence and progression of myopia. A 10,000 permutations test was used to correct for multiple testing. Functional annotation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed using RegulomeDB, HaploReg, and rVarBase. Results A total of 448 children were included in the analysis. After adjustments for gender, age, near work time and outdoor time with 10,000 permutations, the results indicated that the C allele and the AC or CC genotypes of rs7550232 adjacent to TGFB2-AS1 were associated with a significantly increased risk of the onset of myopia in two genetic models (additive: P’ = 0.022; dominant: P’ = 0.025). Additionally, the A allele and the AA or AG genotypes of rs10760673 of TGFBR1 were associated with a significant myopic shift (additive: P’ = 0.008; dominant: P’ = 0.028; recessive: P’ = 0.027). Furthermore, rs10760673 was associated with an increase in axial length (AL) (P’ = 0.013, β = 0.03) and a change in the ratio of AL to the corneal radius of curvature (AL/CRC) (P’ = 0.031, β = 0.003). Analysis using RegulomeDB, HaploReg, and rVarBase indicated that rs7550232 is likely to affect transcription factor binding, any motif, DNase footprint, and DNase peak. Conclusion The present study indicated that rs10760673 and rs7550232 may represent susceptibility loci for the progression and onset of myopia, respectively, in school-aged children. Associations of the variants of the TGFBR1 and TGFB2-AS1 genes with myopia may be mediated by the TGF-β signaling pathway; this hypothesis requires validation in functional studies. This trial was registered as ChiCTR1900020584 at www.Chictr.org.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yimin Yuan
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haishao Xiao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shudan Lin
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangde Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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