1
|
Qiang W, Wang W, Shen T, Wu S, Yu S, Zhang X, Yang Y, Li X, Li E, Gong F. Pyridaben inhibits cell cycle progression and delays early embryonic development in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116857. [PMID: 39137465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Pyridaben is a broad-spectrum, contact-killing acaricide that can be used to control a variety of harmful food and plant mites. Pyridaben displays cardiotoxicity and liver toxicity toward fish, but the effects on fish embryonic development have not been characterized. We exposed early zebrafish embryos to 20, 30, and 40 μg/L concentrations of pyridaben. The exposure caused developmental abnormalities, including delayed embryonic shield formation, yolk sac resorption, decreases in body length, reduced pigmentation, and delays in hatching. Pyridaben caused a significant increase in the transcription level of the endoderm marker foxa2, but the transcription levels of the ectoderm development marker foxb1a and the mesoderm development marker snaila were not significantly altered. The transcription levels of the genes SOX17 in early embryos were significantly reduced. After exposure to pyridaben, catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) content were increased, and cyclin D1, that is involved in early embryonic development, was abnormally expressed. This study shows that pyridaben causes anomalous development in zebrafish embryos by interfering with the cell cycle order of early embryonic development and inducing excessive oxidative stress. Colivelin, an agonist of the STAT3 signaling pathway, acted as a salvage drug to restore the cell cycle order during embryonic development following exposure to pyridaben. Thus, the toxic effects may be caused by pyridaben's regulation of the STAT3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qiang
- College of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China; Department of Scientific Research Section, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- College of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China; Department of Scientific Research Section, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Tianzhu Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Shuhui Wu
- College of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China; Department of Scientific Research Section, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Shengnan Yu
- College of Medicine, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China; Department of Scientific Research Section, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University of Medicine, Jilin 132000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Enzhong Li
- Department of Scientific Research Section, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China; College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China.
| | - Fanghua Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ugolini M, Kerlin MA, Kuznetsova K, Oda H, Kimura H, Vastenhouw NL. Transcription bodies regulate gene expression by sequestering CDK9. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:604-612. [PMID: 38589534 PMCID: PMC11021188 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The localization of transcriptional activity in specialized transcription bodies is a hallmark of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. It remains unclear, however, if and how transcription bodies affect gene expression. Here we disrupted the formation of two prominent endogenous transcription bodies that mark the onset of zygotic transcription in zebrafish embryos and analysed the effect on gene expression using enriched SLAM-seq and live-cell imaging. We find that the disruption of transcription bodies results in the misregulation of hundreds of genes. Here we focus on genes that are upregulated. These genes have accessible chromatin and are poised to be transcribed in the presence of the two transcription bodies, but they do not go into elongation. Live-cell imaging shows that disruption of the two large transcription bodies enables these poised genes to be transcribed in ectopic transcription bodies, suggesting that the large transcription bodies sequester a pause release factor. Supporting this hypothesis, we find that CDK9-the kinase that releases paused polymerase II-is highly enriched in the two large transcription bodies. Overexpression of CDK9 in wild-type embryos results in the formation of ectopic transcription bodies and thus phenocopies the removal of the two large transcription bodies. Taken together, our results show that transcription bodies regulate transcription by sequestering machinery, thereby preventing genes elsewhere in the nucleus from being transcribed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martino Ugolini
- Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maciej A Kerlin
- Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia Kuznetsova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Haruka Oda
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nadine L Vastenhouw
- Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baia Amaral D, Egidy R, Perera A, Bazzini AA. miR-430 regulates zygotic mRNA during zebrafish embryogenesis. Genome Biol 2024; 25:74. [PMID: 38504288 PMCID: PMC10949700 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early embryonic developmental programs are guided by the coordinated interplay between maternally inherited and zygotically manufactured RNAs and proteins. Although these processes happen concomitantly and affecting gene function during this period is bound to affect both pools of mRNAs, it has been challenging to study their expression dynamics separately. RESULTS By employing SLAM-seq, a nascent mRNA labeling transcriptomic approach, in a developmental time series we observe that over half of the early zebrafish embryo transcriptome consists of maternal-zygotic genes, emphasizing their pivotal role in early embryogenesis. We provide an hourly resolution of de novo transcriptional activation events and follow nascent mRNA trajectories, finding that most de novo transcriptional events are stable throughout this period. Additionally, by blocking microRNA-430 function, a key post transcriptional regulator during zebrafish embryogenesis, we directly show that it destabilizes hundreds of de novo transcribed mRNAs from pure zygotic as well as maternal-zygotic genes. This unveils a novel miR-430 function during embryogenesis, fine-tuning zygotic gene expression. CONCLUSION These insights into zebrafish early embryo transcriptome dynamics emphasize the significance of post-transcriptional regulators in zygotic genome activation. The findings pave the way for future investigations into the coordinated interplay between transcriptional and post-transcriptional landscapes required for the establishment of animal cell identities and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielson Baia Amaral
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Rhonda Egidy
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Anoja Perera
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Ariel A Bazzini
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiménez-Ruiz CA, de la Herrán R, Robles F, Navajas-Pérez R, Cross I, Rebordinos L, Ruiz-Rejón C. miR-430 microRNA Family in Fishes: Molecular Characterization and Evolution. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2399. [PMID: 37570208 PMCID: PMC10417697 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The miR-430 microRNA family has been described in multiple fish species as one of the first microRNAs expressed by the zygote. It has been suggested that this family is implicated in maternal mRNA elimination, but may also play a role in steroidogenesis, sexual differentiation, and flatfish metamorphosis. The miR-430 sequences have been found in multiple-copy tandem clusters but evidence of their conservation outside of teleost fishes is scarce. In the present study, we have characterized the tandem repeats organization of these microRNAs in different fish species, both model and of interest in aquaculture. A phylogenetic analysis of this family has allowed us to identify that the miR-430 duplication, which took place before the Chondrostei and Neopterygii groups' divergence, has resulted in three variants ("a", "b", and "c"). According to our data, variant "b" is the most closely related to the ancestral sequence. Furthermore, we have detected isolated instances of the miR-430 repeat subunit in some species, which suggests that this microRNA family may be affected by DNA rearrangements. This study provides new data about the abundance, variability, and organization of the miR-430 family in fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A. Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Roberto de la Herrán
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Robles
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Navajas-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ismael Cross
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Laureana Rebordinos
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carmelo Ruiz-Rejón
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Quesnelle DC, Bendena WG, Chin-Sang ID. A Compilation of the Diverse miRNA Functions in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086963. [PMID: 37108126 PMCID: PMC10139094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are critical regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression in a wide range of taxa, including invertebrates, mammals, and plants. Since their discovery in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, miRNA research has exploded, and they are being identified in almost every facet of development. Invertebrate model organisms, particularly C. elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster, are ideal systems for studying miRNA function, and the roles of many miRNAs are known in these animals. In this review, we compiled the functions of many of the miRNAs that are involved in the development of these invertebrate model species. We examine how gene regulation by miRNAs shapes both embryonic and larval development and show that, although many different aspects of development are regulated, several trends are apparent in the nature of their regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - William G Bendena
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ian D Chin-Sang
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhattacharjee B, Syeda AF, Rynjah D, Hussain SM, Chandra Bora S, Pegu P, Sahu RK, Khan J. Pharmacological impact of microRNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Prevailing insights on molecular pathways, diagnosis, and nanomedicine treatment. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1174330. [PMID: 37205904 PMCID: PMC10188950 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1174330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a disease that most commonly produce tumours from the lining of the epithelial cells of the lips, larynx, nasopharynx, mouth, or oro-pharynx. It is one of the most deadly forms of cancer. About one to two percent of all neo-plasm-related deaths are attributed to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which is responsible for about six percent of all cancers. MicroRNAs play a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, stress response, triggering apoptosis, and other physiological process. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and provide new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic options for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In this work, the role of molecular signaling pathways related to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is emphasized. We also provide an overview of MicroRNA downregulation and overexpression and its role as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In recent years, MicroRNA nano-based therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have been explored. In addition, nanotechnology-based alternatives have been discussed as a promising strategy in exploring therapeutic paradigms aimed at improving the efficacy of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents against head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and attenuating their cytotoxicity. This article also provides information on ongoing and recently completed clinical trials for therapies based on nanotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayesha Farhana Syeda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaiza College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Ayesha Farhana Syeda, ; Ram Kumar Sahu, ; Jiyauddin Khan,
| | | | - Shalam M. Hussain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Rayyan Medical College, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Padmanath Pegu
- Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Tezpur, India
| | - Ram Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Chauras Campus, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
- *Correspondence: Ayesha Farhana Syeda, ; Ram Kumar Sahu, ; Jiyauddin Khan,
| | - Jiyauddin Khan
- School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Ayesha Farhana Syeda, ; Ram Kumar Sahu, ; Jiyauddin Khan,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The role of post-transcriptional modifications during development. Biol Futur 2022:10.1007/s42977-022-00142-3. [PMID: 36481986 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhile the existence of post-transcriptional modifications of RNA nucleotides has been known for decades, in most RNA species the exact positions of these modifications and their physiological function have been elusive until recently. Technological advances, such as high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods and nanopore-based mapping technologies, have made it possible to map the position of these modifications with single nucleotide accuracy, and genetic screens have uncovered the “writer”, “reader” and “eraser” proteins that help to install, interpret and remove such modifications, respectively. These discoveries led to intensive research programmes with the aim of uncovering the roles of these modifications during diverse biological processes. In this review, we assess novel discoveries related to the role of post-transcriptional modifications during animal development, highlighting how these discoveries can affect multiple aspects of development from fertilization to differentiation in many species.
Collapse
|
8
|
Brown W, Bardhan A, Darrah K, Tsang M, Deiters A. Optical Control of MicroRNA Function in Zebrafish Embryos. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16819-16826. [PMID: 36073798 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play crucial and dynamic roles in vertebrate development and diseases. Some, like miR-430, are highly expressed during early embryo development and regulate hundreds of transcripts, which can make it difficult to study their role in the timing and location of specific developmental processes using conventional morpholino oligonucleotide (MO) knockdown or genetic deletion approaches. We demonstrate that light-activated circular morpholino oligonucleotides (cMOs) can be applied to the conditional control of microRNA function. We targeted miR-430 in zebrafish embryos to study its role in the development of the embryo body and the heart. Using 405 nm irradiation, precise spatial and temporal control over miR-430 function was demonstrated, offering insight into the cell populations and developmental timepoints involved in each process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wes Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Anirban Bardhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kristie Darrah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khanal S, Zancanela BS, Peter JO, Flynt AS. The Small RNA Universe of Capitella teleta. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:802814. [PMID: 35281272 PMCID: PMC8915122 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.802814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi is an evolutionarily fluid mechanism with dramatically different activities across animal phyla. One major group where there has been little investigation is annelid worms. Here, the small RNAs of the polychaete developmental model Capitella teleta are profiled across development. As is seen with nearly all animals, nearly 200 microRNAs were found with 58 high-confidence novel species. Greater miRNA diversity was associated with later stages consistent with differentiation of tissues. Outside miRNA, a distinct composition of other small RNA pathways was found. Unlike many invertebrates, an endogenous siRNA pathway was not observed, indicating pathway loss relative to basal planarians. No processively generated siRNA-class RNAs could be found arising from dsRNA precursors. This has a significant impact on RNAi technology development for this group of animals. Unlike the apparent absence of siRNAs, a significant population of piRNAs was observed. For many piRNAs, phasing and ping-pong biogenesis pathways were identified. Interestingly, piRNAs were found to be highly expressed during early development, suggesting a potential role in regulation in metamorphosis. Critically, the configuration of RNAi factors in C. teleta is found in other annelids and mollusks, suggesting that similar biology is likely to be present in the wider clade. This study is the first in providing comprehensive analysis of small RNAs in annelids.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kataruka S, Kinterova V, Horvat F, Kulmann MIR, Kanka J, Svoboda P. Physiologically relevant miRNAs in mammalian oocytes are rare and highly abundant. EMBO Rep 2021; 23:e53514. [PMID: 34866300 PMCID: PMC8811628 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs, ˜22nt small RNAs associated with Argonaute (AGO) proteins, are important negative regulators of gene expression in mammalian cells. However, mammalian maternal miRNAs show negligible repressive activity and the miRNA pathway is dispensable for oocytes and maternal-to-zygotic transition. The stoichiometric hypothesis proposed that this is caused by dilution of maternal miRNAs during oocyte growth. As the dilution affects miRNAs but not mRNAs, it creates unfavorable miRNA:mRNA stoichiometry for efficient repression of cognate mRNAs. Here, we report that porcine ssc-miR-205 and bovine bta-miR-10b are exceptional miRNAs, which resist the diluting effect of oocyte growth and can efficiently suppress gene expression. Additional analysis of ssc-miR-205 shows that it has higher stability, reduces expression of endogenous targets, and contributes to the porcine oocyte-to-embryo transition. Consistent with the stoichiometric hypothesis, our results show that the endogenous miRNA pathway in mammalian oocytes is intact and that maternal miRNAs can efficiently suppress gene expression when a favorable miRNA:mRNA stoichiometry is established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangini Kataruka
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kinterova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Horvat
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic.,Bioinformatics Group, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jiri Kanka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Svoboda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Haig D, Mainieri A. The Evolution of Imprinted microRNAs and Their RNA Targets. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091038. [PMID: 32899179 PMCID: PMC7564603 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genomes contain many imprinted microRNAs. When an imprinted miRNA targets an unimprinted mRNA their interaction may have different fitness consequences for the loci encoding the miRNA and mRNA. In one possible outcome, the mRNA sequence evolves to evade regulation by the miRNA by a simple change of target sequence. Such a response is unavailable if the targeted sequence is strongly constrained by other functions. In these cases, the mRNA evolves to accommodate regulation by the imprinted miRNA. These evolutionary dynamics are illustrated using the examples of the imprinted C19MC cluster of miRNAs in primates and C2MC cluster in mice that are paternally expressed in placentas. The 3′ UTR of PTEN, a gene with growth-related and metabolic functions, appears to be an important target of miRNAs from both clusters.
Collapse
|