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Liu W, Wu Y, Ma R, Zhu X, Wang R, He L, Shu M. Multi-omics analysis of a case of congenital microtia reveals aldob and oxidative stress associated with microtia etiology. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:218. [PMID: 38802922 PMCID: PMC11129396 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtia is reported to be one of the most common congenital craniofacial malformations. Due to the complex etiology and the ethical barrier of embryonic study, the precise mechanisms of microtia remain unclear. Here we report a rare case of microtia with costal chondrodysplasia based on bioinformatics analysis and further verifications on other sporadic microtia patients. RESULTS One hundred fourteen deleterious insert and deletion (InDel) and 646 deleterious SNPs were screened out by WES, candidate genes were ranked in descending order according to their relative impact with microtia. Label-free proteomic analysis showed that proteins significantly different between the groups were related with oxidative stress and energy metabolism. By real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, we further verified the candidate genes between other sporadic microtia and normal ear chondrocytes, which showed threonine aspartase, cadherin-13, aldolase B and adiponectin were significantly upregulated in mRNA levels but were significantly lower in protein levels. ROS detection and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ Ψ m) detection proved that oxidative stress exists in microtia chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results not only spot new candidate genes by WES and label-free proteomics, but also speculate for the first time that metabolism and oxidative stress may disturb cartilage development and this might become therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers with clinical usefulness in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rulan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxi Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lin He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Maoguo Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Wang L, Sun H, Cao L, Wang J. Role of HOXA1-4 in the development of genetic and malignant diseases. Biomark Res 2024; 12:18. [PMID: 38311789 PMCID: PMC10840290 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The HOXA genes, belonging to the HOX family, encompass 11 members (HOXA1-11) and exert critical functions in early embryonic development, as well as various adult processes. Furthermore, dysregulation of HOXA genes is implicated in genetic diseases, heart disease, and various cancers. In this comprehensive overview, we primarily focused on the HOXA1-4 genes and their associated functions and diseases. Emphasis was placed on elucidating the impact of abnormal expression of these genes and highlighting their significance in maintaining optimal health and their involvement in the development of genetic and malignant diseases. Furthermore, we delved into their regulatory mechanisms, functional roles, and underlying biology and explored the therapeutic potential of targeting HOXA1-4 genes for the treatment of malignancies. Additionally, we explored the utility of HOXA1-4 genes as biomarkers for monitoring cancer recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haifeng Sun
- The Third Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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Sun L, Ping L, Fan X, Fan Y, Zhang B, Chen X. amer1 Regulates Zebrafish Craniofacial Development by Interacting with the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:734. [PMID: 38255806 PMCID: PMC10815499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Microtia-atresia is a rare type of congenital craniofacial malformation causing severe damage to the appearance and hearing ability of affected individuals. The genetic factors associated with microtia-atresia have not yet been determined. The AMER1 gene has been identified as potentially pathogenic for microtia-atresia in two twin families. An amer1 mosaic knockdown zebrafish model was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9. The phenotype and the development process of cranial neural crest cells of the knockdown zebrafish were examined. Components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were examined by qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assay. IWR-1-endo, a reversible inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was applied to rescue the abnormal phenotype. The present study showed that the development of mandibular cartilage in zebrafish was severely compromised by amer1 knockdown using CRISPR/Cas9. Specifically, amer1 knockdown was found to affect the proliferation and apoptosis of cranial neural crest cells, as well as their differentiation to chondrocytes. Mechanistically, amer1 exerted an antagonistic effect on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The application of IWR-1-endo could partially rescue the abnormal phenotype. We demonstrated that amer1 was essential for the craniofacial development of zebrafish by interacting with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These findings provide important insight into the role of amer1 in zebrafish mandibular development and the pathology of microtia-atresia caused by AMER1 gene mutations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (L.S.); (X.F.); (Y.F.)
| | - Lu Ping
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinmiao Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (L.S.); (X.F.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (L.S.); (X.F.); (Y.F.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (L.S.); (X.F.); (Y.F.)
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Mortier J, van den Ende J, Declau F, Vercruysse H, Wuyts W, Van Camp G, Vanderveken O, Boudewyns A. Search for a genetic cause in children with unilateral isolated microtia and congenital aural atresia. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:623-631. [PMID: 35759046 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Microtia describes a spectrum of auricular malformations ranging from mild dysplasia to anotia. A vast majority of microtia patients demonstrate congenital aural atresia (CAA). Isolated microtia has a right ear predominance (58-61%) and is more common in the male sex. Isolated microtia is a multifactorial condition involving genetic and environmental causes. The aim of this study is to describe the phenotype of children with unilateral isolated microtia and CAA, and to search for a common genetic cause trough DNA analysis. METHODS Phenotyping included a complete clinical examination. Description on the degree of auricular malformation (Weerda classification-Weerda 1988), assessment for hemifacial microsomia and age-appropriate audiometric testing were documented. Computerized tomography of the temporal bone with 3-D rendering provided a histopathological classification (HEAR classification-Declau et al. 1999). Genetic testing was carried out by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray. RESULTS Complete data are available for 44 children (50% was younger than 33 days at presentation; 59.1% boys; 72.7% right ear). Type III microtia was present in 28 patients. Type 2b CAA existed in 32 patients. All patients had a normal hearing at the non-affected side. Genome wide deletion duplication analysis using microarray did not reveal any pathological copy number variant (CNV) that could explain the phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Type III microtia (peanut-shell type) in combination with a type 2b CAA was the most common phenotype, present in 23 of 44 (52.3%) patients with isolated unilateral microtia. No abnormalities could be found by copy number variant (CNV) analysis. Whole exome sequencing in a larger sample with a similar phenotype may represent a future diagnostic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mortier
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - J van den Ende
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - F Declau
- Faculty of Medicine and Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - H Vercruysse
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - W Wuyts
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G Van Camp
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - O Vanderveken
- Faculty of Medicine and Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - An Boudewyns
- Faculty of Medicine and Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
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Redhu N, Thakur Z. Network biology and applications. Bioinformatics 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89775-4.00024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Bukowska-Olech E, Gawliński P, Jakubiuk-Tomaszuk A, Jędrzejowska M, Obersztyn E, Piechota M, Bielska M, Jamsheer A. Clinical and molecular characterization of craniofrontonasal syndrome: new symptoms and novel pathogenic variants in the EFNB1 gene. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:286. [PMID: 34174922 PMCID: PMC8236199 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Craniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS) is a rare X-linked disorder that results from pathogenic variants in the EFNB1 gene. The syndrome paradoxically presents with greater severity of the symptoms in heterozygous females than hemizygous males. Results We have recruited and screened a female cohort affected with CFNS. Our primary finding was the description of monozygotic twins, i.e., patients 5 and 6, discordant for the CFNS phenotype. Intriguingly, patient 5 presented classical CFNS gestalt, whereas patient 6 manifested only very subtle craniofacial features, not resembling CFNS. Besides, we have expanded the mutational spectrum of the EFNB1 gene through reporting four novel pathogenic variants—p.(Trp12*), p.(Cys64Phe), p.(Tyr73Metfs*86), p.(Glu210*). All those alterations were found applying either targeted NGS of a custom gene panel or PCR followed by Sanger sequencing and evaluated using in silico predictors. Lastly, we have also expanded the CFNS phenotypic spectrum by describing in patient 3 several novel features of the syndrome, such as bifid hallux, bicornuate uterus, and abnormal right ovary segmented into six parts. Conclusions We have described the unreported so far differences of the clinical phenotype in the monozygotic twin patients 5 and 6 harboring an identical p.(Glu210*) variant located in the EFNB1 gene. With our finding, we have pointed to an unusual phenomenon of mildly affected females with CFNS, who may not manifest features suggestive of the syndrome. Consequently, this study may be valuable for geneticists consulting patients with craniofacial disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01914-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Bukowska-Olech
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Paweł Gawliński
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubiuk-Tomaszuk
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Medical Genetics Unit, Mastermed Medical Center, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Jędrzejowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Bielska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 8 Street, 60-806, Poznan, Poland. .,Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland.
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