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Gómez-Fernández A, Aranda I, Milla R. Early human selection of crops' wild progenitors explains the acquisitive physiology of modern cultivars. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:25-36. [PMID: 38172574 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Crops have resource-acquisitive leaf traits, which are usually attributed to the process of domestication. However, early choices of wild plants amenable for domestication may also have played a key role in the evolution of crops' physiological traits. Here we compiled data on 1,034 annual herbs to place the ecophysiological traits of 69 crops' wild progenitors in the context of global botanical variation, and we conducted a common-garden experiment to measure the effects of domestication on crop ecophysiology. Our study found that crops' wild progenitors already had high leaf nitrogen, photosynthesis, conductance and transpiration and soft leaves. After domestication, ecophysiological traits varied little and in idiosyncratic ways. Crops did not surpass the trait boundaries of wild species. Overall, the resource-acquisitive strategy of crops is largely due to the inheritance from their wild progenitors rather than to further breeding improvements. Our study concurs with recent literature highlighting constraints of crop breeding for faster ecophysiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gómez-Fernández
- Grupo de investigación en Ecología Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Milla
- Grupo de investigación en Ecología Evolutiva, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
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Ortiz-Barbosa GS, Torres-Martínez L, Manci A, Neal S, Soubra T, Khairi F, Trinh J, Cardenas P, Sachs JL. No disruption of rhizobial symbiosis during early stages of cowpea domestication. Evolution 2022; 76:496-511. [PMID: 35014694 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Modern agriculture intensely selects aboveground plant structures, while often neglecting belowground features, and evolutionary tradeoffs between these traits are predicted to disrupt host control over microbiota. Moreover, drift, inbreeding, and relaxed selection for symbiosis in crops might degrade plant mechanisms that support beneficial microbes. We studied the impact of domestication on the nitrogen fixing symbiosis between cowpea and root-nodulating Bradyrhizobium. We combined genome-wide analyses with a greenhouse inoculation study to investigate genomic diversity, heritability, and symbiosis trait variation among wild and early-domesticated cowpea genotypes. Cowpeas experienced modest decreases in genome-wide diversity during early domestication. Nonetheless, domesticated cowpeas responded efficiently to variation in symbiotic effectiveness, by forming more root nodules with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and sanctioning non-fixing strains. Domesticated populations invested a larger proportion of host tissues into root nodules than wild cowpeas. Unlike soybean and wheat, cowpea showed no compelling evidence for degradation of symbiosis during domestication. Domesticated cowpeas experienced a less severe bottleneck than these crops and the low nutrient conditions in Africa where cowpea landraces were developed likely favored plant genotypes that gain substantial benefits from symbiosis. Breeders have largely neglected symbiosis traits, but artificial selection for improved plant responses to microbiota could increase plant performance and sustainability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Ortiz-Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - L Torres-Martínez
- Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - A Manci
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - S Neal
- Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - T Soubra
- Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - F Khairi
- Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - J Trinh
- Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - P Cardenas
- Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - J L Sachs
- Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA.,Department of Evolution Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA.,Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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Lei ZY, Wang H, Wright IJ, Zhu XG, Niinemets Ü, Li ZL, Sun DS, Dong N, Zhang WF, Zhou ZL, Liu F, Zhang YL. Enhanced photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and increased nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic machinery under cotton domestication. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:239-250. [PMID: 34669149 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Domestication involves dramatic phenotypic and physiological diversifications due to successive selection by breeders toward high yield and quality. Although photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is a major trait for understanding leaf nitrogen economy, it is unclear whether PNUE of cotton has been improved under domestication. Here, we investigated the effect of domestication on nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic machinery and PNUE in 25 wild and 37 domesticated cotton genotypes. The results showed that domesticated genotypes had higher nitrogen content per mass (Nm), net photosynthesis under saturated light (Asat), and PNUE but similar nitrogen content per area (Na) compared with wild genotypes. As expected, in both genotypes, PNUE was positively related to Asat but negatively correlated with Na. However, the relative contribution of Asat to PNUE was greater than the contribution from Na. Domesticated genotypes had higher nitrogen allocation to light-harvesting (NL, nitrogen in light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex), to bioenergetics (Nb, total nitrogen of cytochrome f, ferredoxin NADP reductase, and the coupling factor), and to Rubisco (Nr) than wild genotypes; however, the two genotype groups did not differ in PNUEp, the ratio of Asat to Np (itself the sum of NL, Nb, and Nr). Our results suggest that more nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic machinery has boosted Asat under cotton domestication. Improving the efficiency of nitrogen use in photosynthetic machinery might be future aim to enhance Asat of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Ying Lei
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zi-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Wang-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China.
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Isaac ME, Nimmo V, Gaudin ACM, Leptin A, Schmidt JE, Kallenbach CM, Martin A, Entz M, Carkner M, Rajcan I, Boyle TD, Lu X. Crop Domestication, Root Trait Syndromes, and Soil Nutrient Acquisition in Organic Agroecosystems: A Systematic Review. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.716480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting crops that express certain reproductive, leaf, and root traits has formed detectable, albeit diverse, crop domestication syndromes. However, scientific and informal on-farm research has primarily focused on understanding and managing linkages between only certain domestication traits and yield. There is strong evidence suggesting that functional traits can be used to hypothesize and detect trade-offs, constraints, and synergies among crop yield and other aspects of crop biology and agroecosystem function. Comparisons in the functional traits of crops vs. wild plants has emerged as a critical avenue that has helped inform a better understanding of how plant domestication has reshaped relationships among yield and traits. For instance, recent research has shown domestication has led important economic crops to express extreme functional trait values among plants globally, with potentially major implications for yield stability, nutrient acquisition strategies, and the success of ecological nutrient management. Here, we present an evidence synthesis of domestication effects on crop root functional traits, and their hypothesized impact on nutrient acquisition strategies in organic and low input agroecosystems. Drawing on global trait databases and published datasets, we show detectable shifts in root trait strategies with domestication. Relationships between domestication syndromes in root traits and nutrient acquisition strategies in low input systems underscores the need for a shift in breeding paradigms for organic agriculture. This is increasingly important given efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets of Zero Hunger via resilient agriculture practices such as ecological nutrient management and maintenance of genetic diversity.
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Toker C, Berger J, Eker T, Sari D, Sari H, Gokturk RS, Kahraman A, Aydin B, von Wettberg EJ. Cicer turcicum: A New Cicer Species and Its Potential to Improve Chickpea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:662891. [PMID: 33936152 PMCID: PMC8082243 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.662891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic resources of the genus Cicer L. are not only limited when compared to other important food legumes and major cereal crops but also, they include several endemic species with endangered status based on the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The chief threats to endemic and endangered Cicer species are over-grazing and habitat change in their natural environments driven by climate changes. During a collection mission in east and south-east Anatolia (Turkey), a new Cicer species was discovered, proposed here as C. turcicum Toker, Berger & Gokturk. Here, we describe the morphological characteristics, images, and ecology of the species, and present preliminary evidence of its potential utility for chickpea improvement. C. turcicum is an annual species, endemic to southeast Anatolia and to date has only been located in a single population distant from any other known annual Cicer species. It belongs to section Cicer M. Pop. of the subgenus Pseudononis M. Pop. of the genus Cicer L. (Fabaceae) and on the basis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence similarity appears to be a sister species of C. reticulatum Ladiz. and C. echinospermum P.H. Davis, both of which are inter-fertile with domestic chickpea (C. arietinum L.). With the addition of C. turcicum, the genus Cicer now comprises 10 annual and 36 perennial species. As a preliminary evaluation of its potential for chickpea improvement two accessions of C. turcicum were field screened for reproductive heat tolerance and seeds were tested for bruchid resistance alongside a representative group of wild and domestic annual Cicer species. C. turcicum expressed the highest heat tolerance and similar bruchid resistance as C. judaicum Boiss. and C. pinnatifidum Juab. & Spach, neither of which are in the primary genepool of domestic chickpea. Given that C. arietinum and C. reticulatum returned the lowest and the second lowest tolerance and resistance scores, C. turcicum may hold much potential for chickpea improvement if its close relatedness supports interspecific hybridization with the cultigen. Crossing experiments are currently underway to explore this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Toker
- Department of Field Crops, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Jens Berger
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Wembley, WA, Australia
| | - Tuba Eker
- Department of Field Crops, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Duygu Sari
- Department of Field Crops, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Sari
- Department of Field Crops, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | | | - Bilal Aydin
- Department of Field Crops, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Eric J. von Wettberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Science and Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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