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Zhang H, Zheng T, Qin C, Zhang X, Lin H, Huang X, Liu Q, Chang S, Zhang L, Guo J, Zhang Y, Bian C, Liu H. CCT6A promotes cell proliferation in colon cancer by targeting BIRC5 associated with p53 status. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:1151-1163. [PMID: 38997438 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Chaperonin-containing TCP1 (CCT) is a multi-subunit complex, known to participate the correct folding of many proteins. Currently, the mechanism underlying CCT subunits in cancer progression is incompletely understood. Based on data analysis, the expression of CCT subunit 6 A (CCT6A) is found higher than the other subunits of CCT and correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in colon cancer. Here, we find CCT6A silencing suppresses colon cancer proliferation and survival phenotype in vitro and in vivo. CCT6A plays a role in cellular process, including the cell cycle, p53, and apoptosis signaling pathways. Further investigations have shown direct binding between CCT6A and both Wtp53 and Mutp53, and BIRC5 is found to act downstream of CCT6A. The highlight is that CCT6A inhibition significantly reduces BIRC5 expression independent of Wtp53 levels in Wtp53 cells. Conversely, in Mutp53 cells, downregulation of BIRC5 by CCT6A inhibition mainly depends on Mutp53 levels. Additionally, combined CCT6A inhibition and Wtp53 overexpression in Mutp53 cell lines effectively suppresses cell proliferation. It is concluded CCT6A is a potential oncogene that influences BIRC5 through distinct pathways in Wtp53 and Mutp53 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Taotao Zheng
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shichuan Chang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunxiang Bian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Mianyang Teacher's College, Mianyang, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huawen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Pierce SE, van der Schans EJ, Ensink E, Coetzee GA. Gene expression asymmetry in Parkinson's Disease; variation of CCT and BEX gene expression levels are correlated with hemisphere specific severity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601704. [PMID: 39005359 PMCID: PMC11245011 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) develops unilaterally, which may be related to brain hemispheric differences in gene expression. Here we measured bulk RNA-seq levels in neuronal nuclei obtained from prefrontal cortex postmortem brain samples from males and females with PD and from healthy controls. Left and right hemispheres from each brain were related the side of symptom onset and compared. We employed two a priori approaches; first we identified genes differentially expressed between PD and controls and between left vs right PD brain hemispheres. Second, we examined the presence of, and correlates to, variable asymmetry seen in candidate PD differentially expressed genes. We found large variation among individuals with PD, and PD stratification by gene expression similarity was required for patterns of genetic asymmetry to emerge. For a subset of PD brains, hemispherical variation of CCT and BEX gene levels correlated with the side of PD symptom onset.
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Yu SK, Yu T, Wang YM, Sun A, Liu J, Lu KH. CCT6A facilitates lung adenocarcinoma progression and glycolysis via STAT1/HK2 axis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:460. [PMID: 38750462 PMCID: PMC11094951 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chaperonin Containing TCP1 Subunit 6 A (CCT6A) is a prominent protein involved in the folding and stabilization of newly synthesized proteins. However, its roles and underlying mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), one of the most aggressive cancers, remain elusive. METHODS Our study utilized in vitro cell phenotype experiments to assess CCT6A's impact on the proliferation and invasion capabilities of LUAD cell lines. To delve into CCT6A's intrinsic mechanisms affecting glycolysis and proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma, we employed transcriptomic sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) assays were also conducted to substantiate the mechanism. RESULTS CCT6A was found to be significantly overexpressed in LUAD and associated with a poorer prognosis. The silencing of CCT6A inhibited the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells and elevated apoptosis rates. Mechanistically, CCT6A interacted with STAT1 protein, forming a complex that enhances the stability of STAT1 by protecting it from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. This, in turn, facilitated the transcription of hexokinase 2 (HK2), a critical enzyme in aerobic glycolysis, thereby stimulating LUAD's aerobic glycolysis and progression. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that the CCT6A/STAT1/HK2 axis orchestrated a reprogramming of glucose metabolism and thus promoted LUAD progression. These insights position CCT6A as a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Kun Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai-Hua Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Hallal SM, Tűzesi Á, Sida LA, Xian E, Madani D, Muralidharan K, Shivalingam B, Buckland ME, Satgunaseelan L, Alexander KL. Glioblastoma biomarkers in urinary extracellular vesicles reveal the potential for a 'liquid gold' biopsy. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:836-851. [PMID: 38212481 PMCID: PMC10912426 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers that reflect glioblastoma tumour activity and treatment response are urgently needed to help guide clinical management, particularly for recurrent disease. As the urinary system is a major clearance route of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs; 30-1000 nm nanoparticles) we explored whether sampling urinary-EVs could serve as a simple and non-invasive liquid biopsy approach for measuring glioblastoma-associated biomarkers. METHODS Fifty urine specimens (15-60 ml) were collected from 24 catheterised glioblastoma patients immediately prior to primary (n = 17) and recurrence (n = 7) surgeries, following gross total resection (n = 9), and from age/gender-matched healthy participants (n = 14). EVs isolated by differential ultracentrifugation were characterised and extracted proteomes were analysed by high-resolution data-independent acquisition liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (DIA-LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Overall, 6857 proteins were confidently identified in urinary-EVs (q-value ≤ 0.01), including 94 EV marker proteins. Glioblastoma-specific proteomic signatures were determined, and putative urinary-EV biomarkers corresponding to tumour burden and recurrence were identified (FC ≥ | 2 | , adjust p-val≤0.05, AUC > 0.9). CONCLUSION In-depth DIA-LC-MS/MS characterisation of urinary-EVs substantiates urine as a viable source of glioblastoma biomarkers. The promising 'liquid gold' biomarker panels described here warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah M Hallal
- Brain Cancer Research, Neurosurgery Department, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ágota Tűzesi
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Liam A Sida
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Elissa Xian
- Brain Cancer Research, Neurosurgery Department, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Neurosurgery Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Madani
- Brain Cancer Research, Neurosurgery Department, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Neurosurgery Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Krishna Muralidharan
- Brain Cancer Research, Neurosurgery Department, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Neurosurgery Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Brindha Shivalingam
- Brain Cancer Research, Neurosurgery Department, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Neurosurgery Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael E Buckland
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Laveniya Satgunaseelan
- Brain Cancer Research, Neurosurgery Department, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Alexander
- Brain Cancer Research, Neurosurgery Department, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Yin T, Wen J, Xu S, Chen L, Zhang Z, Pan S, Zhou M, Guo X, Wang M, Gong J, Zhang H, Qin R. An E3 ubiquitin-proteasome gene signature for predicting prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1332626. [PMID: 38304253 PMCID: PMC10830689 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide, which is demonstrated with remarkable resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The identification of prognosis signature and novel prognostic markers will facilitate patient stratification and an individualized precision therapy strategy. In this study, TCGA-PAAD was used to screen prognostic E3 ubiquitin ligases and establish prognostic signatures, and GEO database was used to verify the accuracy of prognostic signatures. Functional analysis, in vitro experiments and clinical cohort studies were used to analyze the function and prognostic efficacy of the target gene. An E3 ligase-based signature of 9 genes and the nomogram were developed, and the signature was proved to accurately predict the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. WDR37 might be the most prognostic E3 ubiquitin ligase in pancreatic cancer, and the clinical cohort analyses suggested a tumor-suppressive role. The results of functional analysis and in vitro experiments indicated that WDR37 may promote the degradation of TCP1 complex to inhibit tumor and improve immune cell infiltration. The E3 ligase-based signature accurately predicted the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, so it can be used as a decision-making tool to guide the treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer. At the same time, WDR37, the main gene in E3PMP signature, can be used as the most prognostic E3 ubiquitin ligase in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyuan Yin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingjing Wen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Simiao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenxiong Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shutao Pan
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Renyi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Wang M, Li Z. Prediction of prognosis and immune landscape in cervical cancer based on heat shock protein-related genes. Int J Hyperthermia 2023; 40:2259140. [PMID: 37750398 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2259140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play key roles in the malignant transformation and progression of many tumors. However, the effectiveness of using HSP-related genes to predict the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer (CC) remains elusive. We aimed to delineate the prognosis and biological significance of HSP-related genes in CC. Methods: We collected the transcriptional and clinical data of CC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and searched for HSP-related genes in the literature. LASSO and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to screen genes; 12 genes were found to be related to CC survival, and a prediction model was built. The effectiveness of the model was confirmed using TCGA and GEO, and it was found to be an independent predictor of CC. The nomogram is plotted. The prognostic model was further visualized using calibration curves, which showed good agreement with the predicted outcomes at 1-, 3, and 5 years. Results: We found that low-risk patients had higher immune cell infiltration and stronger immune function, and according to the immunophenoscore and TIDE scores, the low-risk group tended to respond more to immunotherapy. Additionally, we used the GDSC database to predict drug sensitivity in patients with different prognostic risks. Conclusion: In summary, we built a good model to help predict the prognosis of CC patients and provide a reference for personalized treatment and medication for different patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bishan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhizun Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bishan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zheng L, Chen X, Zhang L, Qin N, An J, Zhu J, Jin H, Tuo B. A potential tumor marker: Chaperonin containing TCP‑1 controls the development of malignant tumors (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:106. [PMID: 37539774 PMCID: PMC10552740 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to concealment, high invasiveness and a lack of indicators, malignant tumors have emerged as one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and their incidence is rising yearly. Research has revealed that the chaperonin family member, chaperonin containing TCP‑1 (CCT), serves a crucial role in malignant tumors. CCT is involved in the growth of numerous malignant tumors such as lung cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer and assists the folding of a number of proteins linked to cancer, such as KRAS, p53 and STAT3. According to clinical data, CCT is highly expressed in a range of tumor cells and is associated with poor patient prognosis. In addition, through controlling the cell cycle or interacting with other proteins (including YAP1, HoXB2 and SMAD2), CCT has an effect on the proliferation, invasion and migration of cancer cells. As a result, it is possible that CCT will become a new tumor marker or therapeutic target, which will provide some guidance for early tumor screening or late tumor prognosis. In the present review, the molecular properties of CCT are introduced, alongside a summary of its interactions with other cancer‑related proteins and a discussion of its function in common malignant tumors. It is expected that the present review will offer fresh approaches to the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003
| | - Xingyue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003
| | - Nannan Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the First People's Hospital of Zunyi (The Third Affiliated Hospital), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003
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Zhang G, Chen A, Fang J, Wu A, Chen G, Tai P, Chen H, Chen X, Cao K. Construction of a novel molecular typing and scoring system for anoikis distinguishes between different prognostic risks and treatment responsiveness in low-grade glioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1105210. [PMID: 37114037 PMCID: PMC10126347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The main factors responsible for low-grade glioma (LGG)s' poor prognosis and treatment effectiveness include recurrence and malignant progression. A specific type of programmed cell death, known as anoikis, which is crucial for tumor invasion and metastasis, however, has not yet been investigated in LGGs. Methods We downloaded data of 509 samples from the TCGA-LGG cohort, carried out cluster analysis for typing twice on the basis of 19 anoikis-associated genes, and the subtypes were evaluated the differences in clinicopathological and biological features. ESTIMATE and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis were employed to examine the immunological milieu of LGGs, and enrichment analysis was used to look into the underlying biological mechanisms in LGGs. Cox regression analysis and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression algorithm were used to create a prediction scoring system. The scoring system was used for classifying LGG into high- and low- anoikis riskscore (anoiS) groups. The impact of the anoiS on the prognosis, standard treatment, and immunotherapy of patients with LGG was assessed using survival analysis and drug sensitivity analysis. Cell experiments were employed for the verification of the differential expression between LGG cells and normal cells of the anoikis gene team that regard CCT5 as the core. Results Based on the expression profiles of the 19 anoikis-associated genes, all individuals with LGG were classified into four subtypes and two macrosubtypes. The different macrosubtypes had significantly different biological characteristics, and the anoirgclusterBD subtype manifested a significantly bad prognosis and a high immune level of infiltration. And subsequent secondary genotyping also showed good prognostic discrimination. We further constructed an anoikis scoring system, anoiS. LGG patients having a high anoiS had a worse prognosis in comparison to those having a low anoiS. The high anoiS group exhibited larger levels of immune infiltration and superior immunotherapy efficacy than the low anoiS group. The high anoiS group was also more susceptible to temozolomide (TMZ) than the low anoiS group, according to a drug sensitivity analysis of TMZ. Conclusion This study constructed a scoring system for predicting the prognosis of patients with LGG and their responsive to TMZ and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganghua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aiyan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianing Fang
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Anshan Wu
- Zhuzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Panpan Tai
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Cao, ;
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Chen H, Lai X, Zhu Y, Huang H, Zeng L, Zhang L. Quantitative proteomics identified circulating biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:44. [PMID: 36404333 PMCID: PMC9677906 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC) is a common malignant tumor with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Early LC could be cured, but the 5-year-survival rate for patients advanced is extremely low. Early screening of tumor biomarkers through plasma could allow more LC to be detected at an early stage, leading to a earlier treatment and a better prognosis. METHODS This study was based on total proteomic analysis and parallel reaction monitoring validation of peripheral blood from 20 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 20 healthy individuals. Furthermore, differentially expressed proteins closely related to prognosis were analysed using Kaplan-Meier Plotter and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The candidate proteins GAPDH and RAC1 showed the highest connectivity with other differentially expressed proteins between the lung adenocarcinoma group and the healthy group using STRING. Kaplan-Meier Plotter analysis showed that lung adenocarcinoma patients with positive ATCR2, FHL1, RAB27B, and RAP1B expression had observably longer overall survival than patients with negative expression (P < 0.05). The high expression of ARPC2, PFKP, PNP, RAC1 was observably negatively correlated with prognosis (P < 0.05). 17 out of 27 proteins showed a high area under the curve (> 0.80) between the lung adenocarcinoma and healthy plasma groups. Among those proteins, UQCRC1 had an area under the curve of 0.960, and 5 proteins had an area under the curve from 0.90 to 0.95, suggesting that these hub proteins might have discriminatory potential in lung adenocarcinoma, P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide UQCRC1, GAPDH, RAC1, PFKP have potential as novel biomarkers for the early screening of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaoqin Lai
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Day Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Hong Huang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Lingyan Zeng
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Li Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Liu J, Lu J, Li W, Mao W, Lu Y. Machine Learning Screens Potential Drugs Targeting a Prognostic Gene Signature Associated With Proliferation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:900380. [PMID: 35836576 PMCID: PMC9273781 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to screen potential drugs targeting a new prognostic gene signature associated with proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: CRISPR Library and TCGA datasets were used to explore differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the proliferation of HCC cells. Differential gene expression analysis, univariate COX regression analysis, random forest algorithm and multiple combinatorial screening were used to construct a prognostic gene signature. Then the predictive power of the gene signature was validated in the TCGA and ICGC datasets. Furthermore, potential drugs targeting this gene signature were screened. Results: A total of 640 DEGs related to HCC proliferation were identified. Using univariate Cox analysis and random forest algorithm, 10 hub genes were screened. Subsequently, using multiplex combinatorial screening, five hub genes (FARSB, NOP58, CCT4, DHX37 and YARS) were identified. Taking the median risk score as a cutoff value, HCC patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis performed in the training set showed that the overall survival of the high-risk group was worse than that of the low-risk group (p < 0.001). The ROC curve showed a good predictive efficiency of the risk score (AUC > 0.699). The risk score was related to gene mutation, cancer cell stemness and immune function changes. Prediction of immunotherapy suggetsted the IC50s of immune checkpoint inhibitors including A-443654, ABT-888, AG-014699, ATRA, AUY-922, and AZ-628 in the high-risk group were lower than those in the low-risk group, while the IC50s of AMG-706, A-770041, AICAR, AKT inhibitor VIII, Axitinib, and AZD-0530 in the high-risk group were higher than those in the low-risk group. Drug sensitivity analysis indicated that FARSB was positively correlated with Hydroxyurea, Vorinostat, Nelarabine, and Lomustine, while negatively correlated with JNJ-42756493. DHX37 was positively correlated with Raltitrexed, Cytarabine, Cisplatin, Tiotepa, and Triethylene Melamine. YARS was positively correlated with Axitinib, Fluphenazine and Megestrol acetate. NOP58 was positively correlated with Vorinostat and 6-thioguanine. CCT4 was positively correlated with Nerabine. Conclusion: The five-gene signature associated with proliferation can be used for survival prediction and risk stratification for HCC patients. Potential drugs targeting this gene signature deserve further attention in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Department of Medical Affairs, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Wenjie Mao
- Emergency Department, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Yamin Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
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11
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Li Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Huang X, Liang S, Xing F, Tian H. CCT5 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition to promote gastric cancer lymph node metastasis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1684-1694. [PMID: 35194191 PMCID: PMC9174209 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node (LN) metastasis confers gastric cancer (GC) progression, poor survival and cancer-related death. Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and LN metastasis, whereas the constitutive activation mutation of Wnt/β-catenin is rare in GC, suggesting that the underlying mechanisms enhancing Wnt/β-catenin activation need to be further investigated and understood. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to identify and detect LN metastasis-related genes in GC. Cellular functional assays and footpad inoculation mouse model illustrate the biological function of CCT5. Co-immunoprecipitation assays, western blot and qPCR elucidate the interaction between CCT5 and E-cadherin, and the regulation on β-catenin activity. RESULTS CCT5 is upregulated in LN metastatic GCs and correlates with poor prognosis. In vitro assays prove that CCT5 markedly promotes GC cell proliferation, anti-anoikis, invasion and lymphatic tube formation. Moreover, CCT5 enhances xenograft GC growth and popliteal lymph node metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, CCT5 binds the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin and abrogates the interaction between E-cadherin and β-catenin, thereby releasing β-catenin to the nucleus and enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signalling activity and EMT. CONCLUSION CCT5 promotes GC progression and LN metastasis by enhancing wnt/β-catenin activation, suggesting a great potential of CCT5 as a biomarker for GC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Chenying Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Clinical Experimental Center, Jiangmen Key Laboratory of Clinical Biobanks and Translational Research, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, 529030, China
| | - Xiaodi Huang
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Shujun Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Han Tian
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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12
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Yin X, Chen H, Chen S, Zhang S. Screening and Validation of a Carvacrol-Targeting Viability-Regulating Protein, SLC6A3, in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3736104. [PMID: 35401884 PMCID: PMC8986433 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3736104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is the second leading cause of tumor-related death in the world. Carvacrol was also found to inhibit multiple cancer types. Here, we proposed that Carvacrol inhibited LIHC. Methods We used MTT assay to determine the inhibition of Carvacrol on LIHC cells. BATMAN-TCM was used to predict targets of Carvacrol. These targets were further screened by their survival association and expression in cancer using TCGA data. The bioinformatic screened candidates were further validated in in vitro experiments and clinical samples. Finally, docking models of the interaction of Carvacrol and target protein were conducted. Results Carvacrol inhibited the viability of LIHC cell lines. 40 target genes of Carvacrol were predicted, 8 of them associated with survival. 4 genes were found differentially expressed in LIHC vs. normal liver. Among these genes, the expression of SLC6A3 and SCN4A was found affected by Carvacrol in LIHC cells, but only SLC6A3 correlated with the viability inhibition of Carvacrol on LIHC cell lines. A docking model of the interaction of Carvacrol and SLC6A3 was established with a good binding affinity. SLC6A3 knockdown and expression revealed that SLC6A3 promoted the viability of LIHC cells. Conclusion Carvacrol inhibited the viability of LIHC cells by downregulating SLC6A3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xieling Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tumor Hospital Affiliated To Nantong University, China
| | - Hongjian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tumor Hospital Affiliated To Nantong University, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tumor Hospital Affiliated To Nantong University, China
| | - Suqing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tumor Hospital Affiliated To Nantong University, China
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13
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Huang X, Wang H, Xu F, Lv L, Wang R, Jiang B, Liu T, Hu H, Jiang Y. Overexpression of chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 7 has diagnostic and prognostic value for hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:747-769. [PMID: 35073517 PMCID: PMC8833116 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 7 (CCT7) regulates the expression of many tumor-related proteins. We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of CCT7 expression for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus, CCT7 mRNA levels were greater in HCC tissues than adjacent normal tissues, and these results were validated using immunohistochemistry. In patients with early-stage disease and low alpha-fetoprotein expression, CCT7 expression was still higher in HCC tissues than normal tissues. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that CCT7 expression had better diagnostic value than alpha-fetoprotein for HCC patients with early-stage disease and low alpha-fetoprotein expression. The positive predictive value of CCT7 expression was higher than that of alpha-fetoprotein expression. Higher CCT7 mRNA and protein levels were independent risk factors for poorer overall and recurrence-free survival in HCC patients. Greater methylation of the CpG site cg19515186 was associated with better overall survival in HCC patients. Genes co-expressed with CCT7 were upregulated in HCC and associated with poorer overall survival. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses demonstrated that CCT7 expression correlated with spliceosome signaling. These findings demonstrate that CCT7 has diagnostic and prognostic value for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Huang
- The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Huaxiang Wang
- The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, PR China
| | - Fengfeng Xu
- The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Lizhi Lv
- The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Ruling Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, PR China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, PR China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.,Graduate School of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Huanzhang Hu
- The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
| | - Yi Jiang
- The Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, PR China
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14
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Liu G, Liu B, Li A, Wang X, Yu J, Zhou X. Identifying Protein Complexes With Clear Module Structure Using Pairwise Constraints in Protein Interaction Networks. Front Genet 2021; 12:664786. [PMID: 34512712 PMCID: PMC8430217 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.664786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks can be regarded as powerful platforms to elucidate the principle and mechanism of cellular organization. Uncovering protein complexes from PPI networks will lead to a better understanding of the science of biological function in cellular systems. In recent decades, numerous computational algorithms have been developed to identify protein complexes. However, the majority of them primarily concern the topological structure of PPI networks and lack of the consideration for the native organized structure among protein complexes. The PPI networks generated by high-throughput technology include a fraction of false protein interactions which make it difficult to identify protein complexes efficiently. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel semi-supervised protein complex detection model based on non-negative matrix tri-factorization, which not only considers topological structure of a PPI network but also makes full use of available high quality known protein pairs with must-link constraints. We propose non-overlapping (NSSNMTF) and overlapping (OSSNMTF) protein complex detection algorithms to identify the significant protein complexes with clear module structures from PPI networks. In addition, the proposed two protein complex detection algorithms outperform a diverse range of state-of-the-art protein complex identification algorithms on both synthetic networks and human related PPI networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Liu
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Big Data, College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Aimin Li
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- School of Computer Science & Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhong Zhou
- Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
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15
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Hu Y, Fu P, Zhao H, Zhang F, Jiang X, Zhao W, Lv P. Chaperonin-containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 subunit 6A correlates with increased World Health Organization grade, less isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, and deteriorative survival of astrocytoma patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23917. [PMID: 34312925 PMCID: PMC8418478 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chaperonin‐containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 subunit 6A (CCT6A) is reported to be an efficient prognostic biomarker in various cancers, but it is rarely reported in astrocytoma. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the expression of CCT6A and its correlation with disease features and prognosis in astrocytoma patients. Methods Totally, 198 astrocytoma patients who received surgery treatment were enrolled. CCT6A protein expression was determined in the tumor tissues fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin (FFEP) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay. In addition, 133 out of 198 astrocytoma patients had fresh tumor tissues frozen in the liquid nitrogen for the determination of CCT6A mRNA expression by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Sixty‐nine (34.8%), 70 (35.4%), 46 (23.2%), and 13 (6.6%) astrocytoma patients had the CCT6A immunohistochemistry (IHC) score of 0–3, 4–6, 7–9, and 10–12, respectively. CCT6A protein expression was correlated with increased World Health Organization (WHO) grade (P < 0.001) and less isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation (P = 0.002); meanwhile, CCT6A mRNA expression was only related to elevated WHO grade (P = 0.001). However, CCT6A protein and mRNA expression were not correlated with other clinical features and subsequent treatment modalities (all P > 0.05). Moreover, CCT6A protein high and CCT6A mRNA high were related to shorter accumulating overall survival (OS; both P < 0.05). CCT6A protein high was an independent factor for predicting the worse OS (hazard ratio: 1.821, P = 0.012). Conclusion Chaperonin‐containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 subunit 6A correlates with elevated WHO grade and less IDH mutation; besides, CCT6A high expression is independently associated with unfavorable accumulating OS of astrocytoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyun Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangcheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wohua Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
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