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Suvieri C, De Marchis F, Mandarano M, Ambrosino S, Rossini S, Mondanelli G, Gargaro M, Panfili E, Orabona C, Pallotta MT, Belladonna ML, Volpi C. Membrane Localization and Phosphorylation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) in A549 Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells: First Steps in Exploring Its Signaling Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16236. [PMID: 38003426 PMCID: PMC10671178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is a paralog of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a tryptophan-degrading enzyme producing immunomodulatory molecules. However, the two proteins are unlikely to carry out the same functions. IDO2 shows little or no tryptophan catabolic activity and exerts contrasting immunomodulatory roles in a context-dependent manner in cancer and autoimmune diseases. The recently described potential non-enzymatic activity of IDO2 has suggested its possible involvement in alternative pathways, resulting in either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects in different models. In a previous study on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues, we found that IDO2 expression revealed at the plasma membrane level of tumor cells was significantly associated with poor prognosis. In this study, the A549 human cell line, basally expressing IDO2, was used as an in vitro model of human lung adenocarcinoma to gain more insights into a possible alternative function of IDO2 different from the catalytic one. In these cells, immunocytochemistry and isopycnic sucrose gradient analyses confirmed the IDO2 protein localization in the cell membrane compartment, and the immunoprecipitation of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins revealed that kinase activities can target IDO2. The different localization from the cytosolic one and the phosphorylation state are the first indications for the signaling function of IDO2, suggesting that the IDO2 non-enzymatic role in cancer cells is worthy of deeper understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Suvieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (C.O.); (M.T.P.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council (CNR), 06128 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Martina Mandarano
- Section of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Sara Ambrosino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (C.O.); (M.T.P.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Sofia Rossini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (C.O.); (M.T.P.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (C.O.); (M.T.P.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Marco Gargaro
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (C.O.); (M.T.P.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Eleonora Panfili
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (C.O.); (M.T.P.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (C.O.); (M.T.P.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Maria Teresa Pallotta
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (C.O.); (M.T.P.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Maria Laura Belladonna
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (C.O.); (M.T.P.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (S.R.); (G.M.); (M.G.); (E.P.); (C.O.); (M.T.P.); (M.L.B.)
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Kado SY, Bein K, Castaneda AR, Pouraryan AA, Garrity N, Ishihara Y, Rossi A, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Sweeney CA, Vogel CFA. Regulation of IDO2 by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:1433. [PMID: 37408267 PMCID: PMC10216785 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2) is a tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme and a homolog of IDO1 with a distinct expression pattern compared with IDO1. In dendritic cells (DCs), IDO activity and the resulting changes in tryptophan level regulate T-cell differentiation and promote immune tolerance. Recent studies indicate that IDO2 exerts an additional, non-enzymatic function and pro-inflammatory activity, which may play an important role in diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer. Here, we investigated the impact of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by endogenous compounds and environmental pollutants on the expression of IDO2. Treatment with AhR ligands induced IDO2 in MCF-7 wildtype cells but not in CRISPR-cas9 AhR-knockout MCF-7 cells. Promoter analysis with IDO2 reporter constructs revealed that the AhR-dependent induction of IDO2 involves a short-tandem repeat containing four core sequences of a xenobiotic response element (XRE) upstream of the start site of the human ido2 gene. The analysis of breast cancer datasets revealed that IDO2 expression increased in breast cancer compared with normal samples. Our findings suggest that the AhR-mediated expression of IDO2 in breast cancer could contribute to a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Y. Kado
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.Y.K.); (K.B.); (A.R.C.); (A.A.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Keith Bein
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.Y.K.); (K.B.); (A.R.C.); (A.A.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Alejandro R. Castaneda
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.Y.K.); (K.B.); (A.R.C.); (A.A.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Arshia A. Pouraryan
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.Y.K.); (K.B.); (A.R.C.); (A.A.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Nicole Garrity
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.Y.K.); (K.B.); (A.R.C.); (A.A.P.); (N.G.)
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan;
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.R.); (T.H.-S.)
| | - Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (A.R.); (T.H.-S.)
| | - Colleen A. Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Christoph F. A. Vogel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (S.Y.K.); (K.B.); (A.R.C.); (A.A.P.); (N.G.)
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Atri-Schuller A, Abushukair H, Cavalcante L, Hentzen S, Saeed A, Saeed A. Tumor Molecular and Microenvironment Characteristics in EBV-Associated Malignancies as Potential Therapeutic Targets: Focus on Gastric Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5756-5767. [PMID: 36421674 PMCID: PMC9689242 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most people are infected with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) during their lifetime, only a minority of them develop an EBV-associated malignancy. EBV acts in both direct and indirect ways to transform infected cells into tumor cells. There are multiple ways in which the EBV, host, and tumor environment interact to promote malignant transformation. This paper focuses on some of the mechanisms that EBV uses to transform the tumor microenvironment (TME) of EBV-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) for its benefit, including overexpression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), synergism between H. pylori and EBV co-infection, and M1 to M2 switch. In this review, we expand on different modalities and combinatorial approaches to therapeutically target this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Atri-Schuller
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Hassan Abushukair
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ludimila Cavalcante
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stijn Hentzen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Azhar Saeed
- Department of Pathology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Pkwy, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA
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Samiei A, Gjertson DW, Memarzadeh S, Konecny GE, Moatamed NA. Expression of immune checkpoint regulators, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1/PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and indolaimine-2, 3-deoxygenase (IDO) in uterine mesenchymal tumors. Diagn Pathol 2022; 17:70. [PMID: 36104728 PMCID: PMC9476344 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-022-01251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoints including programmed death-ligand 1/programmed death-1/ (PD-L1/PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), and indolaimine-2, 3-deoxygenase (IDO) have recently emerged as effective candidates for treatment against a range of human malignancies. We have investigated their expression in the uterine mesenchymal tumors. METHODS Sixty-eight mesenchymal tumors were categorized into 6 diagnostic groups. We assessed PD-L1, PD-1, CTLA-4, and IDO expression on paraffin embedded tissue blocks of the uterine tumors using the respective antibodies. Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains were classified as positive when the reactions were present in at least 1% of the cell membranes for PD-L1/PD-1 or in cytoplasm for CTLA-4 and IDO, regardless of intensity. Student's t-test and McNemar's chi-square tests were carried out to analyze the results. RESULTS The mesenchymal neoplasms had expressed the immune checkpoints in the tumor and/or the lymphoid cells at the rate of 49% and 54% respectively. The tumor cells were positive in 10 (18%, PD-L1), 0 (0%, PD-1), 18 (32%, CTLA-4), and 13 (23%, IDO) cases while the infiltrating lymphoid cells were positive in 10 (18%, PD-L1), 23 (40%, PD-1), 18 (32%, CTLA-4), and 13 (23%, IDO) cases. Overall, comparison of paired tumor vs lymphoid cells resulted in p-values of ≤ 0.04. CONCLUSIONS Nearly 50% of the uterine tumors express at least one of the immune checkpoints in tumor and/or the infiltrating lymphoid cells. However, expression of the proteins in the two cellular components are mutually exclusive. Namely, when tumor cells express an immune checkpoint, the infiltrating lymphoid cells do not, and vice versa. Since the leiomyosarcomas are reportedly resistant to the immunotherapy when PD-L1 is expressed in the tumor cells, it can be posited that presence of the IHC positive lymphoid cells may be a better indicator of response to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Samiei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 13-145 CHS, BOX 951732, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - David W Gjertson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 13-145 CHS, BOX 951732, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sanaz Memarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gottfried E Konecny
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neda A Moatamed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, 13-145 CHS, BOX 951732, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA.
- Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Peng X, Zhao Z, Liu L, Bai L, Tong R, Yang H, Zhong L. Targeting Indoleamine Dioxygenase and Tryptophan Dioxygenase in Cancer Immunotherapy: Clinical Progress and Challenges. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2639-2657. [PMID: 35965963 PMCID: PMC9374094 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s373780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2.3-dioxygenases (IDO1/2) and tryptophan 2.3-dioxygenase (TDO) are the initial and rate-limiting enzymes in tryptophan metabolism, which play an essential role in mediating immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence has indicated that both IDO1 and TDO are highly expressed in many malignant tumors, and their expression is generally associated with reduced tumor-infiltrating immune cells, increased regulatory T-cell infiltration, as well as cancer progression and poor prognosis for malignancies. A large number of IDO1 and TDO inhibitors have been screened or synthesized in the last two decades. Thus far, at least 12 antagonists targeting IDO1 and TDO have advanced to clinical trials. In this account, we conducted a comprehensive review of the development of IDO1 and TDO inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy, particularly their clinical research progress, and presented the current challenges and corresponding solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerun Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fengrun District People’s Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- POWERCHINA Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
- Hao Yang, POWERCHINA Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lei Zhong, Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Sawada L, Vallinoto ACR, Brasil-Costa I. Regulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein-Barr Virus. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1792. [PMID: 34944437 PMCID: PMC8699098 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncovirus ubiquitously distributed and associated with different types of cancer. The reason why only a group of infected people develop cancer is still unknown. EBV-associated cancers represent about 1.8% of all cancer deaths worldwide, with more than 150,000 new cases of cancer being reported annually. Since EBV-associated cancers are described as more aggressive and more resistant to the usual treatment compared to EBV-negative ones, the recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting immune checkpoints (ICs) in the treatment of cancer patients represents a possible therapy for EBV-associated diseases. However, the current mAb therapies available still need improvement, since a group of patients do not respond well to treatment. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the progress made regarding the contribution of EBV infection to the expression of the IC indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) thus far. This IC has the potential to be used as a target in new immune therapies, such as mAbs. We hope that this work helps the development of future immunotherapies, improving the prognosis of EBV-associated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Sawada
- Immunology Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Virology (PPGV), Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, Brazil
| | | | - Igor Brasil-Costa
- Immunology Laboratory, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará 67030-000, Brazil;
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