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Lan G, Xie M, Lan J, Huang Z, Xie X, Liang M, Chen Z, Jiang X, Lu X, Ye X, Xu T, Zeng Y, Xie X. Association and mediation between educational attainment and respiratory diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Respir Res 2024; 25:115. [PMID: 38448970 PMCID: PMC10918882 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases are a major health burden, and educational inequalities may influence disease prevalence. We aim to evaluate the causal link between educational attainment and respiratory disease, and to determine the mediating influence of several known modifiable risk factors. METHODS We conducted a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for educational attainment and respiratory diseases. Additionally, we performed a multivariable MR analysis to estimate the direct causal effect of each exposure variable included in the analysis on the outcome, conditional on the other exposure variables included in the model. The mediating roles of body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and smoking were also assessed. FINDINGS MR analyses provide evidence of genetically predicted educational attainment on the risk of FEV1 (β = 0.10, 95% CI 0.06, 0.14), FVC (β = 0.12, 95% CI 0.07, 0.16), FEV1/FVC (β = - 0.005, 95% CI - 0.05, 0.04), lung cancer (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.45, 0.65) and asthma (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.78, 0.94). Multivariable MR dicated the effect of educational attainment on FEV1 (β = 0.10, 95% CI 0.04, 0.16), FVC (β = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01, 0.12), FEV1/FVC (β = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01, 0.01), lung cancer (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.42, 0.71) and asthma (OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.78, 0.99) persisted after adjusting BMI and cigarettes per day. Of the 23 potential risk factors, BMI, smoking may partially mediate the relationship between education and lung disease. CONCLUSION High levels of educational attainment have a potential causal protective effect on respiratory diseases. Reducing smoking and adiposity may be a target for the prevention of respiratory diseases attributable to low educational attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Lan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengying Xie
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jieli Lan
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zelin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- The First Clinical Medical School, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mengdan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhehui Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiannuan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine of Fujian Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Clinical Research Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine of Fujian Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
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Corona-Rivera J, Peña-Padilla C, Morales-Domínguez GE, Romero-Bolaño YM. [Genetic aspects involved in asthma]. REVISTA ALERGIA MÉXICO 2022; 69:21-30. [PMID: 36927748 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v69i1.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an etiologically heterogeneous disease resulting from a complex interaction between genetic. The genetic aspects involved in asthma, which were analyzed from the perspective of the traditional model of multifactorial inheritance, were susceptibility, host factors, and environmental exposures. In the present paper, studies on their family aggregation, concordance in twins, and heritability were analized; as well as the current knowledge about candidate genes, genome wide association studies, and epigenomics contributions and other omic studies that have increased our knowledge about their pathophysiology and environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Corona-Rivera
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Biología Mole-cular y Genómica, Instituto de Genética Humana Dr. Enrique Corona-Rivera, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Christian Peña-Padilla
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, División de Pediatría, Servicio de Genética, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Yaneris Maibeth Romero-Bolaño
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, División de Pediatría, Servicio de Genética, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Gao L, Wang K, Ni QB, Fan H, Zhao L, Huang L, Yang M, Li H. Educational Attainment and Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Genet 2022; 12:794820. [PMID: 35222520 PMCID: PMC8876515 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.794820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have evaluated the potential association of socioeconomic factors such as higher education with the risk of stroke but reported controversial findings. The objective of our study was to evaluate the potential causal association between higher education and the risk of stroke. Here, we performed a Mendelian randomization analysis to evaluate the potential association of educational attainment with ischemic stroke (IS) using large-scale GWAS datasets from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC, 293,723 individuals), UK Biobank (111,349 individuals), and METASTROKE consortium (74,393 individuals). We selected three Mendelian randomization methods including inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis (IVW), weighted median regression, and MR–Egger regression. IVW showed that each additional 3.6-year increase in years of schooling was significantly associated with a reduced IS risk (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.41–0.71, and p = 1.16 × 10–5). Importantly, the estimates from weighted median (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.33–0.73, and p = 1.00 × 10–3) and MR–Egger estimate (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.06–0.60, and p = 5.00 × 10–3) were consistent with the IVW estimate in terms of direction and magnitude. In summary, we provide genetic evidence that high education could reduce IS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affilicated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Taishan Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Qing-Bin Ni
- Taishan Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Hongguang Fan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affilicated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affilicated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affilicated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Brain Science Institute, Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Mingfeng Yang, ; Huanming Li,
| | - Huanming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, The Fourth Central Hospital Affilicated to Nankai University, The Fourth Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Mingfeng Yang, ; Huanming Li,
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Caffrey Osvald E, Gong T, Lundholm C, Larsson H, Bk B, Almqvist C. Parental socioeconomic status and asthma in children: Using a population-based cohort and family design. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 52:94-103. [PMID: 34676942 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observed association between the parental socioeconomic status (SES, measured as education/income) and asthma or wheezing in offspring may be explained by confounding of unmeasured factors (shared genes and family environment). We aimed to study the association between parental SES and asthma/wheeze using cousin comparison. METHOD Data were collected on individuals born in Sweden 2001-2013. Parental SES (education and income) was gathered from Statistics Sweden. Asthma/wheeze was identified using national health registers. The association between parental SES at birth and incident asthma/wheeze was estimated using Cox regression also comparing differently exposed cousins. The association between parental SES at 5 years and current asthma was estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS Included were 955,371 individuals. Mothers with compulsory school only (lowest education group) compared with those with further education (highest education group) was associated with incident asthma/wheeze below 1 year of age HRadj = 1.45 (1.38-1.52) and over 1 year of age HRadj = 1.17 (1.13-1.20). The corresponding estimates for the lowest income group were HRadj = 1.61 (1.54-1.69) and HRadj = 0.94 (0.92-0.97), respectively. In maternal cousin comparisons, the associations for asthma/wheeze over 1 year of age was HRadj = 1.21 (1.05-1.40) for compulsory school only and HRadj = 0.94 (0.84-1.07) for the lowest income group. The ORadj for current asthma at 5 years was 1.05 (1.00-1.11) for mother's compulsory school only and 0.98 (0.94-1.02) for mother's lowest income group. Results for estimates were similar for father's SES. CONCLUSION We confirm an association between low parental SES (measured as education) and asthma/wheeze. Cousin comparison suggests that this association is not wholly due to confounding of unknown familial factors, therefore supporting a causal relationship. The relationship between parental income and asthma/wheeze is less clear. This study is important for understanding risk factors for asthma/wheeze and for future prevention strategies. Further research is warranted to investigate the possible mechanisms for association between parental education and asthma/wheeze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Caffrey Osvald
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tong Gong
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lundholm
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Campus USÖ, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Brew Bk
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Big Data Research in Health and School of Women's and Children's Health, AGSM Building, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Catarina Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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