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Bernegossi AM, Galindo DJ, Peres PHF, Vozdova M, Cernohorska H, Kubickova S, Kadlcikova D, Rubes J, Duarte JMB. Comparative karyotype analysis of the red brocket deer (M. americana sensu lato and M. rufa) complex: evidence of drastic chromosomal evolution and implications on speciation process. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:601-614. [PMID: 38662189 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal rearrangements are often associated with playing a role in the speciation process. However, the underlying mechanism that favors the genetic isolation associated with chromosomal changes remains elusive. In this sense, the genus Mazama is recognized by its high level of karyotype diversity among species with similar morphology. A cryptic species complex has been identified within the genus, with the red brocket deer (Mazama americana and Mazama rufa) being the most impressive example. The chromosome variation was clustered in cytotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 42 to 53 and was correlated with geographical location. We conducted an analysis of chromosome evolution of the red brocket deer complex using comparative chromosome painting and Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones among different cytotypes. The aim was to deepen our understanding of the karyotypic relationships within the red brocket, thereby elucidating the significant chromosome variation among closely related species. This underscores the significance of chromosome changes as a key evolutionary process shaping their genomes. The results revealed the presence of three distinct cytogenetic lineages characterized by significant karyotypic divergence, suggesting the existence of efficient post-zygotic barriers. Tandem fusions constitute the main mechanism driving karyotype evolution, following a few centric fusions, inversion X-autosomal fusions. The BAC mapping has improved our comprehension of the karyotypic relationships within the red brocket deer complex, prompting questions regarding the role of these changes in the speciation process. We propose the red brocket as a model group to investigate how chromosomal changes contribute to isolation and explore the implications of these changes in taxonomy and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agda Maria Bernegossi
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - David Javier Galindo
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, San Borja, 15021, Lima, Peru.
| | - Pedro Henrique Faria Peres
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Kadlcikova
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Rubes
- Central European Institute of Technology-Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Sandoval EDP, Vacari GQ, Juliá JP, González S, Vozdova M, Cernohorska H, Kubickova S, Kalthoff DC, Duarte JMB. Assessing the Taxonomic Status of the Gray Brocket Mazama simplicicornis argentina Lönnberg, 1919 (Artiodactyla: Cervidae). Zool Stud 2023; 62:e30. [PMID: 37671175 PMCID: PMC10475465 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2023.62-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Mazama simplicicornis argentina is the name that was given to describe a gray brocket collected by Lönberg in 1919 in the central Chaco region of Argentina. Subsequent authors, based on morphological similarities, considered this name to be a synonym for the species Subulo gouazoubira Fischer, 1814 from Paraguay. In the absence of genetic analyses to compare the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets, we aimed to clarify the taxonomy of M. simplicicornis argentina through an integrative assessment using morphological, cytogenetical, and molecular data from its holotype and a current topotype. Qualitative skull features and cranio-morphometric results of M. simplicicornis argentina showed a great similarity with the S. gouazoubira neotype characters. The diploid chromosome number of M. simplicicornis argentina topotype corresponded with the karyotypical pattern of S. gouazoubira with 2n = 70 and FN = 70, showing a great similarity in all classic and molecular cytogenetic results and revealing the homologies between karyotypes. The phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes used in this study (concatenated partial ND5 and Cytb gene) allocated the M. simplicicornis argentina specimens in the monophyletic clade of S. gouazoubira with a branch value of 100%. These results show that there is no discontinuity between the Argentinian and Paraguayan gray brockets. Therefore, the individuals originally described as M. simplicicornis argentina should be recognized as S. gouazoubira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eluzai Dinai Pinto Sandoval
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. E-mail: (Duarte); (Sandoval); (Vacari)
| | - Gabrielle Queiroz Vacari
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. E-mail: (Duarte); (Sandoval); (Vacari)
| | - Juan Pablo Juliá
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina. E-mail: (Juliá)
| | - Susana González
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Genética, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay. E-mail: (González)
| | - Miluse Vozdova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: (Vozdova); (Cernohorska); (Kubickova)
| | - Halina Cernohorska
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: (Vozdova); (Cernohorska); (Kubickova)
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. E-mail: (Vozdova); (Cernohorska); (Kubickova)
| | - Daniela C Kalthoff
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Frescativägen 40, Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: (Kalthoff)
| | - José Mauricio Barbanti Duarte
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos (NUPECCE), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. E-mail: (Duarte); (Sandoval); (Vacari)
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Oliveira MLD, Peres PHDF, Grotta-Neto F, Vogliotti A, Passos FDC, Duarte JMB. Using niche modelling and human influence index to indicate conservation priorities for Atlantic forest deer species. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Galetti M, Carmignotto AP, Percequillo AR, Santos MCDO, Ferraz KMPMDB, Lima F, Vancine MH, Muylaert RL, Bonfim FCG, Magioli M, Abra FD, Chiarello AG, Duarte JMB, Morato R, de Mello Beisiegel B, Olmos F, Galetti Jr. PM, Ribeiro MC. Mammals in São Paulo State: diversity, distribution, ecology, and conservation. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Mammals are charismatic organisms that play a fundamental role in ecological functions and ecosystem services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, and pest control. The state of São Paulo represents only 3% of the Brazilian territory but holds 33% of its mammalian diversity. Most of its territory is dominated by agriculture, pastures, and urban areas which directly affect the diversity and persistence of mammals in the landscape. In addition, São Paulo has the largest port in Latin America and the largest offshore oil reservoir in Brazil, with a 600 km stretch of coastline with several marine mammal species. These human-made infrastructures affect the diversity, distribution, ecology, and the future of mammals in the state. Here, we answer five main questions: 1) What is the diversity of wild mammals in São Paulo state? 2) Where are they? 3) What is their positive and negative impact on human well-being? 4) How do mammals thrive in human-modified landscapes? 5) What is the future of mammals in the state? The state of São Paulo holds 255 species of native mammals, with four endemic species, two of them globally endangered. At least six species (two marsupials, Giant otter, Pampas deer, Brazilian dwarf brocket deer, and Giant armadillo) were extirpated from the state due to hunting and habitat loss. The intense human land use in the state forced many mammalian species to change their diet to cope with the intense fragmentation and agriculture. Large-scale monoculture has facilitated the invasion of exotic species such as wild boars (javali) and the European hare. Several “savanna-dwelling” species are expanding their ranges (Maned wolf, Brocket deer) over deforested areas and probably reflect changes towards a drier climate. Because the state has the largest road system, about 40,000 mammals from 33 species are killed per year in collisions causing an economic loss of 12 million dollars/year. The diversity of mammals is concentrated in the largest forest remnants of Serra do Mar and in the interior of the State, mainly in the regions of Ribeirão Preto and Jundiaí. Sampling gaps are concentrated throughout the interior of the state, particularly in the northwest region. Wild mammals play a fundamental role in many ecosystem services, but they can also be a concern in bringing new emergent diseases to humans. Although the taxonomy of mammals seems to be well known, we show that new species are continuously being discovered in the state. Therefore, continuous surveys using traditional and new technologies (eDNA, iDNA, drones), long-term population monitoring, investigation of the interface of human-wildlife conflict, and understanding of the unique ecosystem role played by mammals are future avenues for promoting sustainable green landscapes allied to human well-being in the state. The planting of forest or savanna corridors, particularly along with major river systems, in the plateau, controlling illegal hunting in the coastal areas, managing fire regimes in the Cerrado, and mitigating roadkill must be prioritized to protect this outstanding mammal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Magioli
- Instituto Pró-Carnivoros, Brasil; Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil
| | - Fernanda D. Abra
- Instituto Pró-Carnivoros, Brasil; Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, USA
| | | | | | - Ronaldo Morato
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasil
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