Endometrial cancer prognosis prediction using correlation models based on CDK family genes

Predictive model for acute radiation esophagitis in esophageal carcinoma based on prognostic nutritional index and systemic inflammatory index and its application

Acute radiation esophagitis (ARE) is a common complication in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Therefore, it is important to construct an effective ARE risk-prediction model for clinical treatment. The present study performed a retrospective analysis of 225 patients with esophageal cancer who received radiotherapy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Hefei, China) from January 2018 to December 2022. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to screen patients with esophageal cancer after radiotherapy. The results revealed that 147 patients developed radiation esophagitis. Logistic regression analysis results demonstrated that the prognostic nutritional index [odds ratio (OR), 0.864; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.809-0.924], neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (OR, 1.795; 95% CI, 1.209-2.667) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (OR, 1.011; 95% CI, 1.000-1.022) were independent predictors of ARE in patients receiving intensity-modulated conformal radiotherapy for esophagus cancer (P<0.05). A nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of ARE was established based on the three risk factors. The decision curve suggested a high net benefit value when the threshold probability was within 0.25-1.0. External verification confirmed the reproducibility and generalizability of the nomogram model. In general, the calibration curve of this model was close to the ideal curve and had excellent prediction accuracy. Therefore, it may be used as a new tool for early prediction of the ARE risk.

CDK16 as a potential prognostic biomarker correlated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and benefits in enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy in human cancers

BACKGROUND

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 16 (CDK16) plays significant biological roles in various diseases. Nonetheless, its function in different cancer types and its relationship with the Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME) are still not well-understood.

METHODS

We analyzed the expression profile, genetic alterations, clinical features, and prognostic value of CDK16 in pan-cancer using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression databases, and in vitro experiments. Additionally, the TIMER2 and ImmuCellAI databases were utilized to assess the correlation between CDK16 expression and immune cell infiltration levels. Finally, we examined the correlation between CDK16 and the response to immunotherapy using collected immunotherapy data.

RESULTS

CDK16 is notably overexpressed in pan-cancer and is a risk factor for poor prognosis in various cancers. Our findings reveal that CDK16 regulates not only cell cycle-related functions to promote cell proliferation but also the autoimmunity-related functions of the innate and adaptive immune systems, along with other immune-related signaling pathways. Moreover, CDK16 overexpression contributes to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, extensively suppressing immune-related features such as the expression of immune-related genes and pathways, as well as the count of immune-infiltrating cells. Our analysis indicated that individuals with low CDK16 expression showed higher response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors and longer overall survival compared to those with high CDK16 expression.

CONCLUSIONS

This study establishes CDK16 as a potential biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in a wide range of cancers. Its role in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and influencing the efficacy of immunotherapy highlights the urgent need for developing targeted therapies against CDK16, offering new avenues for cancer treatment and management.

The roles, molecular interactions, and therapeutic value of CDK16 in human cancers

Cyclin-dependent kinase 16 (CDK16) is an orphan "cyclin-dependent kinase" (CDK) involved in the cell cycle, vesicle trafficking, spindle orientation, skeletal myogenesis, neurite outgrowth, secretory cargo transport, spermatogenesis, glucose transportation, cell apoptosis, cell growth and proliferation, metastasis, and autophagy. Human CDK16 is located on chromosome Xp11.3 and is related to X-linked congenital diseases. CDK16 is commonly expressed in mammalian tissues and may act as an oncoprotein. It is a PCTAIRE kinase in which Cyclin Y or its homologue, Cyclin Y-like 1, regulates activity by binding to the N- and C- terminal regions of CDK16. CDK16 plays a vital role in various cancers, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, malignant melanoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. CDK16 is a promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we summarized and discussed the roles and mechanisms of CDK16 in human cancers.

Prognostic and immunological characteristics of CDK1 in lung adenocarcinoma: A systematic analysis

Background

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play a key role in cell proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Comprehensive analysis of CDKs to elucidate their clinical significance and interactions with the tumor immune microenvironment is needed.

Methods

RNA expression, somatic mutation, copy number variation, and single-cell RNA sequencing data were downloaded from public datasets. First, we comprehensively evaluated the expression profile and prognostic characteristics of 26 CDKs in LUAD, and CDK1 was selected as a candidate for further analysis. Then, a systematic analysis was performed to explore the relationships of CDK1 with clinical characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment factors in LUAD.

Results

CDK1 was markedly upregulated at both the mRNA and protein level in LUAD. Moreover, overexpression of CDK1 was related to poor clinical outcomes. CDK1 coexpressed genes were mainly involved in the cell cycle, the DNA repair process, and the p53 signaling pathway. In addition, CDK1 expression was found to be correlated with the expression of multiple immunomodulators and chemokines, which participate in activating and suppressing the immune microenvironment. CDK1 expression was also correlated with increased infiltration of numerous immune cells, including CD4+ T cells and M1 macrophages. Patients with high CDK1 expression tended to have a poor response to immunotherapy but were sensitive to multiple chemotherapies and targeted drugs. The MDK-NCL and SPP1-CD44 ligand-receptor pairs were markedly activated in the intercellular communication network. CDK1 was an independent prognostic factor for LUAD and improved the ability to predict overall survival when combined with tumor stage.

Conclusion

CDK1 plays an essential role in reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment and might be a prognostic and treatment biomarker in LUAD.