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Zhang W, Jiang Y, Ni Z, Zhou M, Liu L, Li X, Su S, Wang C. Identification of Copy Number Variations and Selection Signatures in Wannan Spotted Pigs by Whole Genome Sequencing Data: A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1419. [PMID: 38791637 PMCID: PMC11117326 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is an important structural variation used to elucidate complex economic traits. In this study, we sequenced 25 Wannan spotted pigs (WSPs) to detect their CNVs and identify their selection signatures compared with those of 10 Asian wild boars. A total of 14,161 CNVs were detected in the WSPs, accounting for 0.72% of the porcine genome. The fixation index (Fst) was used to identify the selection signatures, and 195 CNVs with the top 1% of the Fst value were selected. Eighty genes were identified in the selected CNV regions. Functional GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the genes within these selected CNVs are associated with key traits such as reproduction (GAL3ST1 and SETD2), fatty acid composition (PRKG1, ACACA, ACSL3, UGT8), immune system (LYZ), ear size (WIF1), and feed efficiency (VIPR2). The findings of this study contribute novel insights into the genetic CNVs underlying WSP characteristics and provide essential information for the protection and utilization of WSP populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Yao Jiang
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100125, China;
| | - Zelan Ni
- Anhui Provincial Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Conservation Center, Hefei 231283, China;
| | - Mei Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Linqing Liu
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Shiguang Su
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Chonglong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Breeding Pig Genetic Evaluation Center, Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (W.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.L.); (X.L.)
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Xu Z, Wu J, Zhang Y, Qiao M, Zhou J, Feng Y, Li Z, Sun H, Lin R, Song Z, Zhao H, Li L, Chen N, Li Y, Oyelami FO, Peng X, Mei S. Genome-wide detection of selection signatures in Jianli pigs reveals novel cis-regulatory haplotype in EDNRB associated with two-end black coat color. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:23. [PMID: 38166718 PMCID: PMC10763394 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jianli pig, a renowned indigenous breed in China, has the characteristics of a two-end black (TEB) coat color, excellent meat quality, strong adaptability and increased prolificacy. However, there is limited information available regarding the genetic diversity, population structure and genomic regions under selection of Jianli pig. On the other hand, the genetic mechanism of TEB coat color has remained largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, the whole genome resequencing of 30 Jianli pigs within a context of 153 individuals representing 13 diverse breeds was performed. The population structure analysis revealed that Jianli pigs have close genetic relationships with the Tongcheng pig breed, their geographical neighbors. Three methods (observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and runs of homozygosity) implied a relatively high level of genetic diversity and, a low inbreeding coefficient in Jianli compared with other pigs. We used Fst and XP-EHH to detect the selection signatures in Jianli pigs compared with Asian wild boar. A total of 451 candidate genes influencing meat quality (CREBBP, ADCY9, EEPD1 and HDAC9), reproduction (ESR1 and FANCA), and coat color (EDNRB, MITF and MC1R), were detected by gene annotation analysis. Finally, to fine-map the genomic region for the two-end black (TEB) coat color phenotype in Jianli pigs, we performed three signature selection methods between the TEB coat color and no-TEB coat color pig breeds. The current study, further confirmed that the EDNRB gene is a candidate gene for TEB color phenotype found in Chinese pigs, including Jinhua pigs, and the haplotype harboring 25 SNPs in the EDNRB gene may promote the formation of TEB coat color. Further ATAC-seq and luciferase reporter assays of these regions suggest that the 25-SNPs region was a strong candidate causative mutation that regulates the TEB coat color phenotype by altering enhancer function. CONCLUSION Our results advanced the understanding of the genetic mechanism behind artificial selection, and provided further resources for the protection and breeding improvement of Jianli pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Junjing Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Mu Qiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zipeng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- (College of Animal Sciences, College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhongxu Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Haizhong Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Lianghua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Nanqi Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | | | - Xianwen Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Shuqi Mei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430064, China.
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Zhang Y, Lai J, Wang X, Li M, Zhang Y, Ji C, Chen Q, Lu S. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data reveal potential candidate genes for litter traits in a Yorkshire pig population. Arch Anim Breed 2023; 66:357-368. [PMID: 38111388 PMCID: PMC10726026 DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-357-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The litter trait is one of the most important economic traits, and increasing litter size is of great economic value in the pig industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pig litter traits remain elusive. To identify molecular markers and candidate genes for pig litter traits, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and selection signature analysis were conducted in a Yorkshire pig population. A total of 518 producing sows were genotyped with Illumina Porcine SNP 50 BeadChip, and 1969 farrowing records for the total number born (TNB), the number born alive (NBA), piglets born dead (PBD), and litter weight born alive (LWB) were collected. Then, a GWAS was performed for the four litter traits using a repeatability model. Based on the estimated breeding values (EBVs) of TNB, 15 high- and 15 low-prolificacy individuals were selected from the 518 sows to implement selection signature analysis. Subsequently, the selection signatures affecting the litter traits of sows were detected by using two methods including the fixation index (FST) and θ π . Combining the results of the GWAS and selection signature analysis, 20 promising candidate genes (NKAIN2, IGF1R, KISS1R, TYRO3, SPINT1, ADGRF5, APC2, PTBP1, CLCN3, CBR4, HPF1, FAM174A, SCP2, CLIC1, ZFYVE9, SPATA33, KIF5C, EPC2, GABRA2, and GABRA4) were identified. These findings provide novel insights into the genetic basis of pig litter traits and will be helpful for improving the reproductive performances of sows in pig breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jinhua Lai
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Yunnan Fuyuefa Livestock and Poultry Feeding Company Limited, Kunming, 650300, China
| | - Chunlv Ji
- Yunnan Fuyuefa Livestock and Poultry Feeding Company Limited, Kunming, 650300, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shaoxiong Lu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
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Deng X, Zhang Y, Song G, Fu Y, Chen Y, Gao H, Wang Q, Jin Z, Yin Y, Xu K. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Profiles Reveals a Differential Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Mechanism among Ningxiang Pig and Berkshires, and Their Offspring. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3321. [PMID: 37958077 PMCID: PMC10647668 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue composition contributes greatly to the quality and nutritional value of meat. Transcriptomic and lipidomic techniques were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the differences in fat deposition in Ningxiang pigs, Berkshires and F1 offspring. Transcriptomic analysis identified 680, 592, and 380 DEGs in comparisons of Ningxiang pigs vs. Berkshires, Berkshires vs. F1 offspring, and Ningxiang pigs vs. F1 offspring. The lipidomic analysis screened 423, 252, and 50 SCLs in comparisons of Ningxiang pigs vs. Berkshires, Berkshires vs. F1 offspring, and Ningxiang pigs vs. F1 offspring. Lycine, serine, and the threonine metabolism pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched in comparisons of Berkshires vs. Ningxiang pigs and Berkshires vs. F1 offspring. The DEGs (PHGDH, LOC110256000) and the SCLs (phosphatidylserines) may have a great impact on the glycine, serine, and the threonine metabolism pathway. Moreover, the DEGs (FASN, ACACA, CBR4, SCD, ELOV6, HACD2, CYP3A46, CYP2B22, GPX1, and GPX3) and the SCLs (palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and icosadienoic acid) play important roles in the fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism of fatty acids. Thus, the difference in fat deposition among Ningxiang pig, Berkshires, and F1 offspring may be caused by differences in the expression patterns of key genes in multiple enriched KEGG pathways. This research revealed multiple lipids that are potentially available biological indicators and screened key genes that are potential targets for molecular design breeding. The research also explored the molecular mechanisms of the difference in fat deposition among Ningxiang pig, Berkshires, and F1 pigs, and provided an insight into selection for backfat thickness and the fat composition of adipose tissue for future breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Deng
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism, The Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (X.D.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (H.G.); (Q.W.); (Z.J.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuebo Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (H.G.); (Q.W.); (Z.J.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Gang Song
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (H.G.); (Q.W.); (Z.J.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yawei Fu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism, The Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (X.D.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (H.G.); (Q.W.); (Z.J.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism, The Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (X.D.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (H.G.); (Q.W.); (Z.J.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hu Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (H.G.); (Q.W.); (Z.J.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (H.G.); (Q.W.); (Z.J.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (H.G.); (Q.W.); (Z.J.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism, The Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (X.D.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (H.G.); (Q.W.); (Z.J.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Physiology and Metabolism, The Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (X.D.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Z.); (G.S.); (H.G.); (Q.W.); (Z.J.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China
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Zhong Z, Wang Z, Xie X, Tian S, Wang F, Wang Q, Ni S, Pan Y, Xiao Q. Evaluation of the Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Selection Signatures of Three Native Chinese Pig Populations. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2010. [PMID: 37370521 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigenous pig populations in Hainan Province live in tropical climate conditions and a relatively closed geographical environment, which has contributed to the formation of some excellent characteristics, such as heat tolerance, strong disease resistance and excellent meat quality. Over the past few decades, the number of these pig populations has decreased sharply, largely due to a decrease in growth rate and poor lean meat percentage. For effective conservation of these genetic resources (such as heat tolerance, meat quality and disease resistance), the whole-genome sequencing data of 78 individuals from 3 native Chinese pig populations, including Wuzhishan (WZS), Tunchang (TC) and Dingan (DA), were obtained using a 150 bp paired-end platform, and 25 individuals from two foreign breeds, including Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW), were downloaded from a public database. A total of 28,384,282 SNPs were identified, of which 27,134,233 SNPs were identified in native Chinese pig populations. Both genetic diversity statistics and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated that indigenous pig populations displayed high genetic diversity. The result of population structure implied the uniqueness of each native Chinese pig population. The selection signatures were detected between indigenous pig populations and foreign breeds by using the population differentiation index (FST) method. A total of 359 candidate genes were identified, and some genes may affect characteristics such as immunity (IL-2, IL-21 and ZFYVE16), adaptability (APBA1), reproduction (FGF2, RNF17, ADAD1 and HIPK4), meat quality (ABCA1, ADIG, TLE4 and IRX5), and heat tolerance (VPS13A, HSPA4). Overall, the findings of this study will provide some valuable insights for the future breeding, conservation and utilization of these three Chinese indigenous pig populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhong
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinfeng Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuaishuai Tian
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Feifan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qishan Wang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Yongyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572025, China
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiheng Ni
- Animal Husbandry Technology Extending Stations of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
| | - Yuchun Pan
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Yongyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya 572025, China
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction & Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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