A comprehensive prognostic and immune infiltration analysis of EXOC3L1 in pan-cancer

Comprehensive pan-cancer analysis reveals that C5orf34 regulates the proliferation and mortality of lung cancer

The gene C5orf34 exhibits evolutionary conservation among mammals, and emerging evidence suggests its potential involvement in tumor development; however, comprehensive investigations of this gene are lacking. This study aims to elucidate the functional attributes and underlying mechanisms of C5orf34 in cancer. To evaluate its clinical predictive value, we conducted an analysis of the pan-cancerous expression, clinical data, mutation, and methylation data of C5orf34. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between C5orf34 and tumor mutant load (TMB), immune cell infiltration, and microsatellite instability (MSI) through relevant analyses. Furthermore, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was employed to validate clinical samples, while knockdown and overexpression experiments and transcriptome RNA sequencing were utilized to examine the impact of C5orf34 on LUAD cells. According to our study, C5orf34 exhibits high expression levels in the majority of malignant tumors. The upregulation of C5orf34 is governed by DNA copy number alterations and methylation patterns, and it is closely associated with patients' survival prognosis and immune characteristics, thereby holding significant clinical implications. Furthermore, IHC staining analysis, cellular experiments, and transcriptome RNA sequencing have provided evidence supporting the role of C5orf34 in modulating the cell cycle to promote LUAD proliferation, migration, and invasion. This highlights its potential as a promising therapeutic target. The findings of this investigation suggest that C5orf34 may serve as a valuable biomarker for various tumor types and represent a potential target for immunotherapy, particularly in relation to the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of LUAD cells.

Preliminary study on the role of the CSMD2 gene in bladder cancer

Background

CSMD2 has been reported as a potential prognostic factor in several cancers. However, whether CSMD2 affects bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear.

Methods

Public data were obtained from the TCGA (https://cancergenome.nih.gov) databases. CSMD2expression and its prognostic value were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. CSMD2 mRNA level in patients with BC and BC cell lines was evaluated via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. CSMD2 protein level in patients with BC was evaluated via immunohistochemistry. BC cell lines T24 and UMUC-3 were selected for loss-of-function assays targeting CSMD2. Cell viability was determined by CCK8 and clone formation experiments. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using Transwell assays. Furthermore, the transcriptome of UMUC-3 with CSMD2 knockdown was sequenced to analyze potential signaling network pathways. Finally, the TIMER2.0 database was employed to identify the correlation between CSMD2 and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Results

CSMD2 expression was up-regulated in BC tissues compared to adjacent tissues. High CSMD2 expression was associated with poor survival and could serve as an independent predictor for survival in patients with BC. Furthermore, down-regulation of CSMD2 notably restrained the viability, migration, and invasion abilities of T24 and UMUC-3 cells. Moreover, transcriptomic sequencing after CSMD2 knockdown in UMUC-3 cells revealed its involvement in the regulation of the malignant phenotype in BC. Finally, public databases suggest a connection between CSMD2 and immune cell infiltration in BC.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that CSMD2 may promote proliferation and tumorigenicity, and could represent a potential target for improving the prognosis of BC.

Prognostic significance of the rho GTPase RHOV and its role in tumor immune cell infiltration: a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis

Ras homolog gene family member V (RHOV) is an atypical Rho GTPase that participates in various important cellular processes. Although RHOV has been identified to play an oncogenic role in lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, its role in other types of tumors remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of RHOV in pan-cancer analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene-Tissue Expression datasets. RHOV mRNA levels were dysregulated in several types of tumors. RHOV expression was identified as an independent prognostic factor in 7 of 33 types of tumors; however, the relationship varied according to tumor type. Higher RHOV expression was associated with a favorable prognosis in kidney renal cell carcinoma and prostate adenocarcinoma, for which RHOV expression was downregulated, whereas RHOV expression was associated with a poor prognosis for patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, skin cutaneous melanoma, and uveal melanoma with upregulated RHOV expression. Furthermore, RHOV expression was associated with various clinicopathological parameters in these tumors. RHOV expression showed varied associations with different types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and demonstrated a potential impact on the response to immunotherapy depending on the cancer type. Additionally, functional enrichment analysis of RHOV-related genes demonstrated a role in a wide range of developmental and immune-related processes. This study provides valuable insights into the role of RHOV in pan-cancer development, indicating its role as a tumor suppressor or oncogene according to the cancer type and tumor microenvironment.

Comparison of Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressors, and MicroRNAs Between Schizophrenia and Glioma: The Balance of Power

The risk of cancer in schizophrenia has been controversial. Confounders of the issue are cigarette smoking in schizophrenia, and antiproliferative effects of antipsychotic medications. The author has previously suggested comparison of a specific cancer like glioma to schizophrenia might help determine a more accurate relationship between cancer and schizophrenia. To accomplish this goal, the author performed three comparisons of data; the first a comparison of conventional tumor suppressors and oncogenes between schizophrenia and cancer including glioma. This comparison determined schizophrenia has both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting characteristics. A second, larger comparison between brain-expressed microRNAs in schizophrenia with their expression in glioma was then performed. This identified a core carcinogenic group of miRNAs in schizophrenia offset by a larger group of tumor-suppressive miRNAs. This proposed "balance of power" between oncogenes and tumor suppressors could cause neuroinflammation. This was assessed by a third comparison between schizophrenia, glioma and inflammation in asbestos-related lung cancer and mesothelioma (ALRCM). This revealed that schizophrenia shares more oncogenic similarity to ALRCM than glioma.

The prognostic and immune significance of C15orf48 in pan-cancer and its relationship with proliferation and apoptosis of thyroid carcinoma

Background

C15orf48 was recently identified as an inflammatory response-related gene; however there is limited information on its function in tumors. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function and potential mechanism of action of C15orf48 in cancer.

Methods

We evaluated the pan-cancer expression, methylation, and mutation data of C15orf48 to analyze its clinical prognostic value. In addition, we explored the pan-cancer immunological characteristics of C15orf48, especially in thyroid cancer (THCA), by correlation analysis. Additionally, we conducted a THCA subtype analysis of C15orf48 to determine its subtype-specific expression and immunological characteristics. Lastly, we evaluated the effects of C15orf48 knockdown on the THCA cell line, BHT101, by in vitro experimentation.

Results

The results of our study revealed that C15orf48 is differentially expressed in different cancer types and that it can serve as an independent prognostic factor for glioma. Additionally, we found that the epigenetic alterations of C15orf48 are highly heterogeneous in several cancers and that its aberrant methylation and copy number variation are associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancers. Immunoassays elucidated that C15orf48 was significantly associated with macrophage immune infiltration and multiple immune checkpoints in THCA, and was a potential biomarker for PTC. In addition, cell experiments showed that the knockdown of C15orf48 could reduce the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis abilities of THCA cells.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that C15orf48 is a potential tumor prognostic biomarker and immunotherapy target, and plays an essential role in the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of THCA cells.