RNA methylation pattern and immune microenvironment characteristics mediated by m6A regulator in ischemic stroke

Regulatory roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation in RNA processing and non-communicable diseases

Post-transcriptional RNA modification is an emerging epigenetic control mechanism in cells that is important in many different cellular and organismal processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most prevalent, prolific, and ubiquitous internal transcriptional alterations in eukaryotic mRNAs, making it an important topic in the field of Epigenetics. m6A methylation acts as a dynamical regulatory process that regulates the activity of genes and participates in multiple physiological processes, by supporting multiple aspects of essential mRNA metabolic processes, including pre-mRNA splicing, nuclear export, translation, miRNA synthesis, and stability. Extensive research has linked aberrations in m6A modification and m6A-associated proteins to a wide range of human diseases. However, the impact of m6A on mRNA metabolism and its pathological connection between m6A and other non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, liver diseases, and cancer remains in fragmentation. Here, we review the existing understanding of the overall role of mechanisms by which m6A exerts its activities and address new discoveries that highlight m6A's diverse involvement in gene expression regulation. We discuss m6A deposition on mRNA and its consequences on degradation, translation, and transcription, as well as m6A methylation of non-coding chromosomal-associated RNA species. This study could give new information about the molecular process, early detection, tailored treatment, and predictive evaluation of human non-communicable diseases like cancer. We also explore more about new data that suggests targeting m6A regulators in diseases may have therapeutic advantages.

N6-methyladenosine modification in ischemic stroke: Functions, regulation, and therapeutic potential

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most frequently occurring internal modification in eukaryotic RNAs. By modulating various aspects of the RNA life cycle, it has been implicated in a wide range of pathological and physiological processes associated with human diseases. Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide with few treatment options and a narrow therapeutic window, and accumulating evidence has indicated the involvement of m6A modifications in the development and progression of this type of stroke. In this review, which provides insights for the prevention and clinical treatment of stroke, we present an overview of the roles played by m6A modification in ischemic stroke from three main perspectives: (1) the association of m6A modification with established risk factors for stroke, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and heart disease; (2) the roles of m6A modification regulators and their functional regulation in the pathophysiological injury mechanisms of stroke, namely oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cell death processes; and (3) the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of m6A regulators in the treatment of stroke.