1
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Wang L, Maharjan CK, Borcherding N, Master RP, Mo J, Tithi TI, Kim MC, Carelock ME, Master AP, Gibson-Corley KN, Kolb RH, Smith KA, Zhang W. Epithelial IL-2 is critical for NK cell-mediated cancer immunosurveillance in mammary glands. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.25.591178. [PMID: 38712046 PMCID: PMC11071474 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.591178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is the first identified cytokine and its interaction with receptors has been known to shape the immune responses in many lymphoid or non-lymphoid tissues for more than four decades. Active T cells are the primary cellular source for IL-2 production and epithelial cells have never been considered the major cellular source of IL-2 under physiological conditions. It is, however, tempting to speculate that epithelial cells could potentially express IL-2 that regulates the intricate interactions between epithelial cells and lymphocytes. Datamining our recently published single-cell RNAseq in the mouse mammary gland identified IL-2 expression in mammary epithelial cells, which is induced by prolactin via the STAT5 signaling pathway. Furthermore, epithelial IL-2 plays a crucial role in maintaining the physiological functions of natural killer (NK) cells within the mammary glands. IL-2 deletion in the mammary epithelial cells leads to a significant reduction in the number and function of NK cells, which in turn results in defective immunosurveillance, expansion of luminal epithelial cells, and tumor development. Interestingly, T cells in the mammary glands are not changed, indicating the specific regulation of NK cells by epithelial IL-2 production. In agreement, we also found that human epithelial cells express IL-2 and NK cells express the highest level of IL2RB among all the immune cells. Here, we provide the first evidence that epithelial cells produce IL-2, which is critical for maintaining the physiological functions of NK cells in immunosurveillance.
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2
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Wang Q, Fang X, Sun B, Zhu K, Yao M, Wei S, Zhang A. Rosa roxburghii Tratt juice inhibits NF-κB and increases IL-2 to alleviates the Foxp3-mediated Tregs imbalance in the peripheral blood of arseniasis patients. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:935-944. [PMID: 38371687 PMCID: PMC10866849 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Arsenic can cause immune inflammation, which is the basis of arsenic-induced damage to multiple organs and systems. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)-labelled CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Nuclear factor-κb (NF-κB) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) are critical regulators of Foxp3. Rosa roxburghii Tratt (RRT) is an edible medicinal plant with anti-inflammation effects. In this study, a control group (n = 41) and an arseniasis group (n = 209) were recruited, and screened subjects from the arseniasis patients for RRTJ (n = 46) or placebo (n = 43) to explore the possible mechanism by which RRT alleviates immune inflammation. The results indicated that RRTJ can inhibits NF-κB and increases IL-2, and alleviates the Foxp3-mediated Tregs imbalance in the peripheral blood of arseniasis patients. In summary, these findings suggest a novel intervention or therapeutic target for immune inflammation in arseniasis patients and provide new evidence that RRTJ inhibits immune inflammation. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01384-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Baofei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Maolin Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou People’s Republic of China
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3
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Tatsumi N, El-Fenej J, Davila-Pagan A, Kumamoto Y. Rapid activation of IL-2 receptor signaling by CD301b + DC-derived IL-2 dictates the outcome of helper T cell differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564276. [PMID: 37961107 PMCID: PMC10634899 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Effector T helper (Th) cell differentiation is fundamental to functional adaptive immunity. Different subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) preferentially induce different types of Th cells, but the fate instruction mechanism for Th type 2 (Th2) differentiation remains enigmatic, as the critical DC-derived cue has not been clearly identified. Here, we show that CD301b+ DCs, a major Th2-inducing DC subset, drive Th2 differentiation through cognate interaction by 'kick-starting' IL-2 receptor signaling in CD4T cells. Mechanistically, CD40 engagement induces IL-2 production selectively from CD301b+ DCs to maximize CD25 expression in CD4 T cells, which is required specifically for the Th2 fate decision. On the other hand, CD25 in CD301b+ DCs facilitates directed action of IL-2 toward cognate CD4T cells. Furthermore, CD301b+ DC-derived IL-2 skews CD4T cells away from the T follicular helper fate. These results highlight the critical role of DC-intrinsic CD40-IL-2 axis in bifurcation of Th cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Tatsumi
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Jihad El-Fenej
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alejandro Davila-Pagan
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Yosuke Kumamoto
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
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4
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Cao J, Liao S, Zeng F, Liao Q, Luo G, Zhou Y. Effects of altered glycolysis levels on CD8 + T cell activation and function. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:407. [PMID: 37422501 PMCID: PMC10329707 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are an important component of the body's adaptive immune response. During viral or intracellular bacterial infections, CD8+ T cells are rapidly activated and differentiated to exert their immune function by producing cytokines. Alterations in the glycolysis of CD8+ T cells have an important effect on their activation and function, while glycolysis is important for CD8+ T cell functional failure and recovery. This paper summarizes the importance of CD8+ T cell glycolysis in the immune system. We discuss the link between glycolysis and CD8+ T cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation, and the effect of altered glycolysis on CD8+ T cell function. In addition, potential molecular targets to enhance and restore the immune function of CD8+ T cells by affecting glycolysis and the link between glycolysis and CD8+ T cell senescence are summarized. This review provides new insights into the relationship between glycolysis and CD8+ T cell function, and proposes novel strategies for immunotherapy by targeting glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Shan Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Gengqiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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5
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Teghanemt A, Misel-Wuchter K, Heath J, Thurman A, Pulipati P, Dixit G, Geesala R, Meyerholz DK, Maretzky T, Pezzulo A, Issuree PD. DNA demethylation fine-tunes IL-2 production during thymic regulatory T cell differentiation. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55543. [PMID: 36880575 PMCID: PMC10157375 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (T reg) cells developing in the thymus are essential to maintain tolerance and prevent fatal autoimmunity in mice and humans. Expression of the T reg lineage-defining transcription factor FoxP3 is critically dependent upon T cell receptor (TCR) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling. Here, we report that ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes, which are DNA demethylases, are required early during double-positive (DP) thymic T cell differentiation and prior to the upregulation of FoxP3 in CD4 single-positive (SP) thymocytes, to promote Treg differentiation. We show that Tet3 selectively controls the development of CD25- FoxP3lo CD4SP Treg cell precursors in the thymus and is critical for TCR-dependent IL-2 production, which drive chromatin remodeling at the FoxP3 locus as well as other Treg-effector gene loci in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Together, our results demonstrate a novel role for DNA demethylation in regulating the TCR response and promoting Treg cell differentiation. These findings highlight a novel epigenetic pathway to promote the generation of endogenous Treg cells for mitigation of autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athmane Teghanemt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kara Misel-Wuchter
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jace Heath
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew Thurman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Priyanjali Pulipati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Garima Dixit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ramasatya Geesala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alejandro Pezzulo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Priya D Issuree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Iowa City, IA, USA
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6
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Lyu M, Suzuki H, Kang L, Gaspal F, Zhou W, Goc J, Zhou L, Zhou J, Zhang W, Shen Z, Fox JG, Sockolow RE, Laufer TM, Fan Y, Eberl G, Withers DR, Sonnenberg GF. ILC3s select microbiota-specific regulatory T cells to establish tolerance in the gut. Nature 2022; 610:744-751. [PMID: 36071169 PMCID: PMC9613541 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial colonization of the mammalian intestine elicits inflammatory or tolerogenic T cell responses, but the mechanisms controlling these distinct outcomes remain poorly understood, and accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant immunity to intestinal microbiota is causally associated with infectious, inflammatory and malignant diseases1-8. Here we define a critical pathway controlling the fate of inflammatory versus tolerogenic T cells that respond to the microbiota and express the transcription factor RORγt. We profiled all RORγt+ immune cells at single-cell resolution from the intestine-draining lymph nodes of mice and reveal a dominant presence of T regulatory (Treg) cells and lymphoid tissue inducer-like group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), which co-localize at interfollicular regions. These ILC3s are distinct from extrathymic AIRE-expressing cells, abundantly express major histocompatibility complex class II, and are necessary and sufficient to promote microbiota-specific RORγt+ Treg cells and prevent their expansion as inflammatory T helper 17 cells. This occurs through ILC3-mediated antigen presentation, αV integrin and competition for interleukin-2. Finally, single-cell analyses suggest that interactions between ILC3s and RORγt+ Treg cells are impaired in inflammatory bowel disease. Our results define a paradigm whereby ILC3s select for antigen-specific RORγt+ Treg cells, and against T helper 17 cells, to establish immune tolerance to the microbiota and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengze Lyu
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- EA Pharma, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Lan Kang
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabrina Gaspal
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Goc
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Zhou
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robbyn E Sockolow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terri M Laufer
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gerard Eberl
- Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gregory F Sonnenberg
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Li X, Zhang X, Shi J, Wang X, Li H, Miao S, Chen H, He X, Dong L, Lee GR, Zheng J, Liu RJ, Su B, Ye Y, Flavell RA, Yi C, Wu Y, Li HB. tRNA-m 1A modification promotes T cell expansion via efficient MYC protein synthesis. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1433-1444. [PMID: 36138184 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Naive T cells undergo radical changes during the transition from dormant to hyperactive states upon activation, which necessitates de novo protein production via transcription and translation. However, the mechanism whereby T cells globally promote translation remains largely unknown. Here, we show that on exit from quiescence, T cells upregulate transfer RNA (tRNA) m1A58 'writer' proteins TRMT61A and TRMT6, which confer m1A58 RNA modification on a specific subset of early expressed tRNAs. These m1A-modified early tRNAs enhance translation efficiency, enabling rapid and necessary synthesis of MYC and of a specific group of key functional proteins. The MYC protein then guides the exit of naive T cells from a quiescent state into a proliferative state and promotes rapid T cell expansion after activation. Conditional deletion of the Trmt61a gene in mouse CD4+ T cells causes MYC protein deficiency and cell cycle arrest, disrupts T cell expansion upon cognate antigen stimulation and alleviates colitis in a mouse adoptive transfer colitis model. Our study elucidates for the first time, to our knowledge, the in vivo physiological roles of tRNA-m1A58 modification in T cell-mediated pathogenesis and reveals a new mechanism of tRNA-m1A58-controlled T cell homeostasis and signal-dependent translational control of specific key proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Gastroenterology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jintong Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Juan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Chengqi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing, China. .,Department of Geriatrics, Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Rani L, Kumar A, Karhade J, Pandey G, Guha A, Mishra GC, Wani MR. IL-3 regulates the differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1842-1858. [PMID: 36074916 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 producing Th17 cells play an important role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aberrant immune activation due to imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is associated with development of RA and other autoimmune diseases. Targeting pathogenic Th17 cells and their associated molecules is emerging as a promising strategy to treat and reverse RA. Here, we demonstrate that IL-3 inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells and promotes the development of Treg cells in IL-2-dependent manner. In IL-2 knockout mice, we observed that IL-3 has no effect on differentiation of both Th17 and Treg cells. In addition, IL-3 decreases pathogenic IL-17A+ TNF-α+ , IL-17A+ IFN-γ+ and IL-23R+ Th17 cells, secretion of GM-CSF and IFN-γ, and osteoclastogenesis when presented in the culture together with Th-17 polarizing cytokines. Mechanistically, IL-3 regulates the development of Th17 cells through inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. IL-3 treatment significantly decreases the pathogenic Th17 cell responses and arthritic scores in mouse model of RA. Importantly, IL-3 inhibits differentiation of human Th17 cells. Thus, our results suggest a novel therapeutic role of IL-3 in regulation of Th17 cell-mediated pathophysiology of RA. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekha Rani
- Bone and Cartilage Research Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Bone and Cartilage Research Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Juilee Karhade
- Bone and Cartilage Research Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Garima Pandey
- Bone and Cartilage Research Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Adrita Guha
- Bone and Cartilage Research Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Gyan C Mishra
- Bone and Cartilage Research Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Mohan R Wani
- Bone and Cartilage Research Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411007, India
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9
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Whyte CE, Singh K, Burton OT, Aloulou M, Kouser L, Veiga RV, Dashwood A, Okkenhaug H, Benadda S, Moudra A, Bricard O, Lienart S, Bielefeld P, Roca CP, Naranjo-Galindo FJ, Lombard-Vadnais F, Junius S, Bending D, Ono M, Hochepied T, Halim TY, Schlenner S, Lesage S, Dooley J, Liston A. Context-dependent effects of IL-2 rewire immunity into distinct cellular circuits. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20212391. [PMID: 35699942 PMCID: PMC9202720 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a key homeostatic cytokine, with therapeutic applications in both immunogenic and tolerogenic immune modulation. Clinical use has been hampered by pleiotropic functionality and widespread receptor expression, with unexpected adverse events. Here, we developed a novel mouse strain to divert IL-2 production, allowing identification of contextual outcomes. Network analysis identified priority access for Tregs and a competitive fitness cost of IL-2 production among both Tregs and conventional CD4 T cells. CD8 T and NK cells, by contrast, exhibited a preference for autocrine IL-2 production. IL-2 sourced from dendritic cells amplified Tregs, whereas IL-2 produced by B cells induced two context-dependent circuits: dramatic expansion of CD8+ Tregs and ILC2 cells, the latter driving a downstream, IL-5-mediated, eosinophilic circuit. The source-specific effects demonstrate the contextual influence of IL-2 function and potentially explain adverse effects observed during clinical trials. Targeted IL-2 production therefore has the potential to amplify or quench particular circuits in the IL-2 network, based on clinical desirability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly E. Whyte
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kailash Singh
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver T. Burton
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Centre national de la recherche scientifique U5051, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Lubna Kouser
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Amy Dashwood
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Samira Benadda
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre de Recherche Sur L’inflammation, Centre national de la recherche scientifique ERL8252, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alena Moudra
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Orian Bricard
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Carlos P. Roca
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Félix Lombard-Vadnais
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steffie Junius
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tino Hochepied
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Susan Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Centre de Recherche Sur L’inflammation, Centre national de la recherche scientifique ERL8252, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1149, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Dooley
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven—University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Toumi R, Yuzefpolskiy Y, Vegaraju A, Xiao H, Smith KA, Sarkar S, Kalia V. Autocrine and paracrine IL-2 signals collaborate to regulate distinct phases of CD8 T cell memory. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110632. [PMID: 35417685 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling and production are associated with disparate effector and memory fates. Whether the IL-2 signals perceived by CD8 T cells come from autocrine or paracrine sources, the timing of IL-2 signaling and their differential impact on CD8 T cell responses remain unclear. Using distinct models of germline and conditional IL-2 ablation in post-thymic CD8 T cells, this study shows that paracrine IL-2 is sufficient to drive optimal primary expansion, effector and memory differentiation, and metabolic function. In contrast, autocrine IL-2 is uniquely required during primary expansion to program robust secondary expansion potential in memory-fated cells. This study further shows that IL-2 production by antigen-specific CD8 T cells is largely independent of CD4 licensing of dendritic cells (DCs) in inflammatory infections with robust DC activation. These findings bear implications for immunizations and adoptive T cell immunotherapies, where effector and memory functions may be commandeered through IL-2 programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryma Toumi
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Yuzefpolskiy
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; M3D Graduate Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adithya Vegaraju
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Hanxi Xiao
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kendall A Smith
- Division of Immunology, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; M3D Graduate Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Vandana Kalia
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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11
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Zhang M, Chen H, Liang B, Wang X, Gu N, Xue F, Yue Q, Zhang Q, Hong J. Prognostic Value of mRNAsi/Corrected mRNAsi Calculated by the One-Class Logistic Regression Machine-Learning Algorithm in Glioblastoma Within Multiple Datasets. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:777921. [PMID: 34938774 PMCID: PMC8685528 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.777921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common glial tumour and has extremely poor prognosis. GBM stem-like cells drive tumorigenesis and progression. However, a systematic assessment of stemness indices and their association with immunological properties in GBM is lacking. We collected 874 GBM samples from four GBM cohorts (TCGA, CGGA, GSE4412, and GSE13041) and calculated the mRNA expression-based stemness indices (mRNAsi) and corrected mRNAsi (c_mRNAsi, mRNAsi/tumour purity) with OCLR algorithm. Then, mRNAsi/c_mRNAsi were used to quantify the stemness traits that correlated significantly with prognosis. Additionally, confounding variables were identified. We used discrimination, calibration, and model improvement capability to evaluate the established models. Finally, the CIBERSORTx algorithm and ssGSEA were implemented for functional analysis. Patients with high mRNAsi/c_mRNAsi GBM showed better prognosis among the four GBM cohorts. After identifying the confounding variables, c_mRNAsi still maintained its prognostic value. Model evaluation showed that the c_mRNAsi-based model performed well. Patients with high c_mRNAsi exhibited significant immune suppression. Moreover, c_mRNAsi correlated negatively with infiltrating levels of immune-related cells. In addition, ssGSEA revealed that immune-related pathways were generally activated in patients with high c_mRNAsi. We comprehensively evaluated GBM stemness indices based on large cohorts and established a c_mRNAsi-based classifier for prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ning Gu
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangqin Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuyuan Yue
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology of Fujian Higher Education Institutions, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Dikiy S, Li J, Bai L, Jiang M, Janke L, Zong X, Hao X, Hoyos B, Wang ZM, Xu B, Fan Y, Rudensky AY, Feng Y. A distal Foxp3 enhancer enables interleukin-2 dependent thymic Treg cell lineage commitment for robust immune tolerance. Immunity 2021; 54:931-946.e11. [PMID: 33838102 PMCID: PMC8317508 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the STAT5 transcription factor downstream of the Interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) induces expression of Foxp3, a critical step in the differentiation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Due to the pleiotropic effects of IL-2R signaling, it is unclear how STAT5 acts directly on the Foxp3 locus to promote its expression. Here, we report that IL-2 - STAT5 signaling converged on an enhancer (CNS0) during Foxp3 induction. CNS0 facilitated the IL-2 dependent CD25+Foxp3- precursor to Treg cell transition in the thymus. Its deficiency resulted in impaired Treg cell generation in neonates, which was partially mitigated with age. While the thymic Treg cell paucity caused by CNS0 deficiency did not result in autoimmunity on its own, it exacerbated autoimmune manifestations caused by disruption of the Aire gene. Thus, CNS0 enhancer activity ensures robust Treg cell differentiation early in postnatal life and cooperatively with other tolerance mechanisms minimizes autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Dikiy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Menglin Jiang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Laura Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xinying Zong
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Beatrice Hoyos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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13
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Diaz-Salazar C, Sun JC. Coordinated Viral Control by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Ensures Optimal Adaptive NK Cell Responses. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108186. [PMID: 32966792 PMCID: PMC7532550 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in controlling viral infections, coordinating the response of innate and adaptive immune systems. They also possess certain features of adaptive lymphocytes, such as undergoing clonal proliferation. However, it is not known whether this adaptive NK cell response can be modulated by other lymphocytes during viral exposure. Here, we show that the clonal expansion of NK cells during mouse cytomegalovirus infection is severely blunted in the absence of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. This correlates with higher viral burden and an increased pro-inflammatory milieu, which maintains NK cells in a hyper-activated state. Antiviral therapy rescues NK cell expansion in the absence of CD8+ T cells, suggesting that high viral loads have detrimental effects on adaptive NK cell responses. Altogether, our data support a mechanism whereby cytotoxic innate and adaptive lymphocytes cooperate to ensure viral clearance and the establishment of robust clonal NK cell responses. NK cells undergo clonal proliferation during certain viral infections, similar to CD8+ T cells. However, the interdependence of NK and CD8+ T cell expansion remained unclear. Here, Diaz-Salazar and Sun show that CD8+ T cells promote NK cell expansion by modulating the degree and duration of viremia and host inflammation during MCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz-Salazar
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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14
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Diketoacetonylphenalenone, Derived from Hawaiian Volcanic Soil-Associated Fungus Penicillium herquei FT729, Regulates T Cell Activation via Nuclear Factor-κB and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225374. [PMID: 33212980 PMCID: PMC7698495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In immunological responses, controlling excessive T cell activity is critical for immunological homeostasis maintenance. Diketoacetonylphenalenone, derived from Hawaiian volcanic soil-associated fungus Penicillium herquei FT729, possesses moderate anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells but its immunosuppressive effect on T cell activation is unknown. In the present study, diketoacetonylphenalenone (up to 40 μM) did not show cytotoxicity in T cells. Western blot analysis showed treatment with diketoacetonylphenalenone did not alter the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Pretreatment with diketoacetonylphenalenone suppressed the interleukin-2 production in activated T cells induced by T cell receptor-mediated stimulation and PMA/A23187. The CFSE-proliferation assay revealed the inhibitory effect of diketoacetonylphenalenone on the proliferation of T cells. The expression of surface molecules on activated T cells was also reduced. We discovered the suppression of the TAK1-IKKα-NF-κB pathway by pretreatment with diketoacetonylphenalenone abrogated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in activated T cells. These results suggest that diketoacetonylphenalenone effectively downregulates T cell activity via the MAPK pathway and provides insight into the therapeutic potential of immunosuppressive reagents.
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15
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Hemmers S, Schizas M, Azizi E, Dikiy S, Zhong Y, Feng Y, Altan-Bonnet G, Rudensky AY. IL-2 production by self-reactive CD4 thymocytes scales regulatory T cell generation in the thymus. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2466-2478. [PMID: 31434685 PMCID: PMC6829602 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (T reg) cells, a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells, are essential to prevent fatal autoimmunity. Expression of the T reg lineage-defining transcription factor Foxp3, and therefore their differentiation in the thymus, is dependent upon T cell receptor (TCR) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling. Here, we report that the majority of IL-2-producing cells in the thymus are mature CD4 single-positive (CD4SP) thymocytes and that continuous IL-2 production sustained thymic T reg cell generation and control of systemic immune activation. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of CD4 thymocyte subsets revealed that IL-2 was expressed in self-reactive CD4SP thymocytes, which also contain T reg precursor cells. Thus, our results suggest that the thymic T reg cell pool size is scaled by a key niche factor, IL-2, produced by self-reactive CD4SP thymocytes. This IL-2-dependent scaling of thymic T reg cell generation by overall self-reactivity of a mature post-selection thymic precursor pool may likely ensure adequate control of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Hemmers
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program at Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michail Schizas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program at Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elham Azizi
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Stanislav Dikiy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program at Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY
| | - Yi Zhong
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program at Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program at Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- Immunodynamics Group, Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program at Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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16
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Innate lymphoid cells support regulatory T cells in the intestine through interleukin-2. Nature 2019; 568:405-409. [PMID: 30944470 PMCID: PMC6481643 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-2 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is necessary to prevent chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract1-4. The protective effects of IL-2 involve the generation, maintenance and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells4-8, and the use of low doses of IL-2 has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease9. However, the cellular and molecular pathways that control the production of IL-2 in the context of intestinal health are undefined. Here we show, in a mouse model, that IL-2 is acutely required to maintain Treg cells and immunological homeostasis throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Notably, lineage-specific deletion of IL-2 in T cells did not reduce Treg cells in the small intestine. Unbiased analyses revealed that, in the small intestine, group-3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are the dominant cellular source of IL-2, which is induced selectively by IL-1β. Macrophages in the small intestine produce IL-1β, and activation of this pathway involves MYD88- and NOD2-dependent sensing of the microbiota. Our loss-of-function studies show that ILC3-derived IL-2 is essential for maintaining Treg cells, immunological homeostasis and oral tolerance to dietary antigens in the small intestine. Furthermore, production of IL-2 by ILC3s was significantly reduced in the small intestine of patients with Crohn's disease, and this correlated with lower frequencies of Treg cells. Our results reveal a previously unappreciated pathway in which a microbiota- and IL-1β-dependent axis promotes the production of IL-2 by ILC3s to orchestrate immune regulation in the intestine.
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17
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Kalia V, Sarkar S. Regulation of Effector and Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation by IL-2-A Balancing Act. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2987. [PMID: 30619342 PMCID: PMC6306427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) regulates key aspects of CD8 T cell biology–signaling through distinct pathways IL-2 triggers critical metabolic and transcriptional changes that lead to a spectrum of physiological outcomes such as cell survival, proliferation, and effector differentiation. In addition to driving effector differentiation, IL-2 signals are also critical for formation of long-lived CD8 T cell memory. This review discusses a model of rheostatic control of CD8 T cell effector and memory differentiation by IL-2, wherein the timing, duration, dose, and source of IL-2 signals are considered in fine-tuning the balance of key transcriptional regulators of cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Kalia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,M3D Graduate Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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18
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Owen DL, Mahmud SA, Vang KB, Kelly RM, Blazar BR, Smith KA, Farrar MA. Identification of Cellular Sources of IL-2 Needed for Regulatory T Cell Development and Homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3926-3933. [PMID: 29728511 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine IL-2 is critical for promoting the development, homeostasis, and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells. The cellular sources of IL-2 that promote these processes remain unclear. T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) are known to make IL-2 in peripheral tissues. We found that T cells and DCs in the thymus also make IL-2. To identify cellular sources of IL-2 in Treg cell development and homeostasis, we used Il2FL/FL mice to selectively delete Il2 in T cells, B cells, and DCs. Because IL-15 can partially substitute for IL-2 in Treg cell development, we carried out the majority of these studies on an Il15-/- background. Deletion of Il2 in B cells, DCs, or both these subsets had no effect on Treg cell development, either in wild-type (WT) or Il15-/- mice. Deletion of Il2 in T cells had minimal effects in WT mice but virtually eliminated developing Treg cells in Il15-/- mice. In the spleen and most peripheral lymphoid organs, deletion of Il2 in B cells, DCs, or both subsets had no effect on Treg cell homeostasis. In contrast, deletion of Il2 in T cells led to a significant decrease in Treg cells in either WT or Il15-/- mice. The one exception was the mesenteric lymph nodes where significantly fewer Treg cells were observed when Il2 was deleted in both T cells and DCs. Thus, T cells are the sole source of IL-2 needed for Treg cell development, but DCs can contribute to Treg cell homeostasis in select organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Owen
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Shawn A Mahmud
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kieng B Vang
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ryan M Kelly
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Kendall A Smith
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Michael A Farrar
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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19
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Apert C, Romagnoli P, van Meerwijk JPM. IL-2 and IL-15 dependent thymic development of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T lymphocytes. Protein Cell 2018; 9:322-332. [PMID: 28540653 PMCID: PMC5876181 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 play a vital role in the maintenance of tolerance of the immune-system to self and innocuous non-self. Most Treg that are critical for the maintenance of tolerance to self, develop as an independent T-cell lineage from common T cell precursors in the thymus. In this organ, their differentiation requires signals from the T cell receptor for antigen, from co-stimulatory molecules, as well as from cytokine-receptors. Here we focus on the cytokines implicated in thymic development of Treg, with a particular emphasis on the roles of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15. The more recently appreciated involvement of TGF-β in thymic Treg development is also briefly discussed. Finally, we discuss how cytokine-dependence of Treg development allows for temporal, quantitative, and potentially qualitative modulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Apert
- CPTP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Paola Romagnoli
- CPTP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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20
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Bardet M, Unterreiner A, Malinverni C, Lafossas F, Vedrine C, Boesch D, Kolb Y, Kaiser D, Glück A, Schneider MA, Katopodis A, Renatus M, Simic O, Schlapbach A, Quancard J, Régnier CH, Bold G, Pissot-Soldermann C, Carballido JM, Kovarik J, Calzascia T, Bornancin F. The T-cell fingerprint of MALT1 paracaspase revealed by selective inhibition. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 96:81-99. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Bardet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Adeline Unterreiner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Claire Malinverni
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Frédérique Lafossas
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Corinne Vedrine
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Danielle Boesch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Yeter Kolb
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Anton Glück
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Martin A Schneider
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Andreas Katopodis
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Martin Renatus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver Simic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Achim Schlapbach
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Jean Quancard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Catherine H Régnier
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Guido Bold
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | | | - José M Carballido
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Jiri Kovarik
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Thomas Calzascia
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Bornancin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Novartis Campus; Basel Switzerland
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21
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Zhang J, Ruan Y, Shen Y, Tao Q, Wang H, Tao L, Pan Y, Fang H, Wang Y, Zhai Z. Low dose IL-2 increase regulatory T cells and elevate platelets in a patient with immune thrombocytopenia. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 94:400-404. [PMID: 27862977 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder in which its immune system destroys platelets and leads to haemorrhage symptom. Recent studies have found that regulatory T cells (Tregs) in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and spleen were reduced in ITP patients and recovered after effective ITP therapy. Low-dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been reported recently to increase Tregs and used to treat autoimmune disease including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after organ transplantation and HCV-related autoimmune vasculitis. However, it is unknown whether IL-2 is able to treat ITP. We have used low-dose IL-2 (1.0 million IU/day) on 5 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks in a 36-year-old patient with ITP. The result has shown that low-dose IL-2 induces expansion of Tregs significantly and increase platelet count was gradually from 36 × 109 /L to maximum 85 × 109 /L. No side effects of IL-2 have been found. This result suggested that low-dose of IL-2 may have therapeutic potential for ITP. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Hamatological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Ruan
- Department of Hematology, Hamatological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Department of Hematology, Hamatological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianshan Tao
- Department of Hematology, Hamatological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hamatological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Tao
- Department of Hematology, Hamatological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Pan
- Department of Hematology, Hamatological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizi Fang
- Department of Hematology, Hamatological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research at University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhimin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Hamatological Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
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22
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Changes in the Interstitial Cells of Cajal and Immunity in Chronic Psychological Stress Rats and Therapeutic Effects of Acupuncture at the Zusanli Point (ST36). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:1935372. [PMID: 27594888 PMCID: PMC4987473 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1935372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Now, chronic psychological stress (CPS) related diseases are increasing. Many CPS patients have gastrointestinal complaints, immune suppression, and immune imbalance. Increasing evidence is indicating that acupuncture (AP) at the Zusanli point (ST36) can alleviate functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), immune suppression, and immune imbalance. However, few studies have investigated the potential mechanisms. In this study, CPS rat models were established, and electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 was done for CPS rats. Daily food intake, weight, intestinal sensitivity, the morphology of interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) in the small intestine, and serum indexes were measured. The study found that, in CPS rats, EA at ST36 could improve food intake, weight, visceral hypersensitivity, and immunity; in CPS rats, in small intestine, the morphology of ICCs was abnormal and the number was decreased, which may be part causes of gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. EA at ST36 showed useful therapeutic effects. The mechanisms may be partially related to its repairing effects on ICCs damages; in CPS rats, there were immune suppression and immune imbalance, which may be part causes of visceral hypersensitivity. EA at ST36 showed useful therapeutic effects. The mechanisms may be partially related to its regulation on immunity.
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23
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Lam E, Pareek TK, Letterio JJ. Cdk5 controls IL-2 gene expression via repression of the mSin3a-HDAC complex. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1327-36. [PMID: 25785643 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.987621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a unique member of a family of serine/threonine cyclin-dependent protein kinases. We previously demonstrated disruption of Cdk5 gene expression in mice impairs T-cell function and ameliorates T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation. Here, we show Cdk5 modulates gene expression during T-cell activation by impairing the repression of gene transcription by histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) through specific phosphorylation of the mSin3a protein at serine residue 861. Disruption of Cdk5 activity in T-cells enhances HDAC activity and binding of the HDAC1/mSin3a complex to the IL-2 promoter, leading to suppression of IL-2 gene expression. These data point to essential roles for Cdk5 in regulating gene expression in T-cells and transcriptional regulation by the co-repressor mSin3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lam
- a Department of Pediatrics; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Center; The Angie Fowler Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Institute; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center ; Case Western Reserve University ; Cleveland , OH USA
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24
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Aliyari Z, Soleimanirad S, Sayyah Melli M, Tayefi Nasrabadi H, Nozad Charoudeh H. IL2rg Cytokines Enhance Umbilical Cord Blood CD34+ Cells Differentiation to T Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:615-9. [PMID: 26793606 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2015.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation for the treatment of patients with leukemia if matched donor is not available. CD34+ is a pan marker for human hematopoietic stem cells, including umbilical cord blood stem cell. In comparison to other sources, cord blood CD34+ cells proliferate more rapidly and produce large number of progeny cells. For ex vivo expansion of Umbilical Cord Blood- HSCs/HPCs, different combinations of cytokines have been used in many laboratories. IL2rg cytokines, including IL2, IL7 and IL15, are key cytokines in the regulation of differentiation, proliferation and survival of immune cells. IL2 is important cytokine for T cell survival and proliferation, IL7 involve in B cell development and IL15 is a key cytokine for NK cell development. In this study we evaluated the generation of T cells derived from CD34+ and CD34- cord blood mononuclear cells by using combination of cytokines including IL2, IL7 and IL15. METHODS Cultured cord blood mononuclear cells were evaluated at distinct time points during 21 days by using flow cytometry. RESULTS Present study showed that differentiation of T cells derived from CD34+ cord blood mononuclear cells increased by using IL2 and IL7 at different time points. In the other hand IL15 did not show any significant role in generation of T cells from CD34+ cord blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data illustrated that either IL2 or IL7 versus other cytokine combinations, generate more T cell from cord blood CD34 cells, probably this cytokines can be the best condition for ex vivo expansion of UCB HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Aliyari
- Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Students' Research Committee, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Soleimanirad
- Al-Zahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Tayefi Nasrabadi
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Advanced Research School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh
- Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Advanced Research School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Ramsay G, Cantrell D. Environmental and metabolic sensors that control T cell biology. Front Immunol 2015; 6:99. [PMID: 25852681 PMCID: PMC4362047 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The T lymphocyte response to pathogens is shaped by the microenvironment. Environmental sensors in T cells include the nutrient-sensing serine/threonine kinases, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Other environmental sensors are transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The present review explores the molecular basis for the impact of environmental signals on the differentiation of conventional T cell receptor αβ T cells and how the T cell response to immune stimuli can coordinate the T cell response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ramsay
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
| | - Doreen Cantrell
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, University of Dundee , Dundee , UK
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26
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MicroRNAs are implicated in the suppression of CD4+CD25− conventional T cell proliferation by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Mol Immunol 2015; 63:464-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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27
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Anti-CD3 antibody treatment induces hypoglycemia and super tolerance to glucose challenge in mice through enhancing glucose consumption by activated lymphocytes. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:326708. [PMID: 24741590 PMCID: PMC3987876 DOI: 10.1155/2014/326708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-CD3 antibody has been employed for various immune-mediated disorders. However, whether anti-CD3 administration leads to rapid metabolic alternation has not been well investigated. In the current study, we studied how anti-CD3 treatment affected blood glucose levels in mice. We found that anti-CD3 treatment induced immediate reduction of blood glucose after administration. Furthermore, a single dose of anti-CD3 treatment corrected hyperglycemia in all nonobese diabetic mice with recently diagnosed diabetes. This glucose-lowering effect was not attributable to major T cell produced cytokines. Of interest, when tested in a normal strain of mice (C57BL/6), the serum levels of C-peptide in anti-CD3 treated animals were significantly lower than control mice. Paradoxically, anti-CD3 treated animals were highly tolerant to exogenous glucose challenge. Additionally, we found that anti-CD3 treatment significantly induced activation of T and B cells in vitro and in vivo. Further studies demonstrated that anti-CD3 treatment lowered the glucose levels in T cell culture media and increased the intracellular transportation of 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2 deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) particularly in activated T and B cells. In addition, injection of anti-CD3 antibodies induced enhanced levels of Glut1 expression in spleen cells. This study suggests that anti-CD3 therapy-induced hypoglycemia likely results from increased glucose transportation and consumption by the activated lymphocytes.
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