1
|
Yang L, Zhang X, Liu Q, Wen Y, Wang Q. Update on the ZNT8 epitope and its role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2023; 48:447-458. [PMID: 38099391 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific chronic autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T cells. ZnT8 is a pancreatic islet-specific zinc transporter that is mainly located in β cells. It not only participates in the synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin but also maintains the structural integrity of insulin. ZnT8 is the main autoantigen recognized by autoreactive CD8+ T cells in children and adults with T1D. This article summarizes the latest research results on the T lymphocyte epitope and B lymphocyte epitope of ZnT8 in the current literature. The structure and expression of ZnT8, the role of ZnT8 in insulin synthesis and its role in autoimmunity are reviewed. ZnT8 is the primary autoantigen of T1D and is specifically expressed in pancreatic islets. Thus, it is one of biomarkers for the diagnosis of T1D. It has broad prospects for further research on immunomodulators for the treatment of T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China -
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Souza IDP, Amoras EDSG, de Sousa FDM, de Sousa PVNR, Lima SS, Cayres-Vallinoto IMV, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR, Queiroz MAF. Plasma Levels of sFas-sFasL and FASL Gene Expression Are Associated with Tuberculosis. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010080. [PMID: 36671466 PMCID: PMC9855614 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of macrophages infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis via Fas-FasL is an important immune mechanism against infection. This study investigated the association of tuberculosis (TB) with the presence of the polymorphisms FAS -670A/G and FASL -124A/G, the levels of sFas and sFasL, and the gene expression of FASL and cytokines. Samples of 200 individuals diagnosed with TB and 200 healthy controls were evaluated. Real-time PCR (genotyping and gene expression) and ELISA (dosages of sFas, sFasL, IFN-γ, and IL-10) tests were performed. There was no association of FAS -670A/G and FASL -124A/G polymorphisms with TB. The TB group exhibited high plasma levels of sFas and reduced plasma levels of sFasL (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis between these markers revealed a positive correlation between the levels of sFas and sFasL, sFasL and FASL expression, and between sFas and FASL expression (p < 0.05). In the TB group, there was a positive correlation between FASL expression and IFN-γ levels and higher levels of IL-10 compared to IFN-γ (p < 0.05). High levels of sFas and reduced levels of sFasL and FASL expression may contribute to the inhibition of apoptosis in infected cells and represent a possible bacterial resistance resource to maintain the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iury de Paula Souza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Francisca Dayse Martins de Sousa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu X, Bian F, Zhao Y, Qin Y, Sun X, Zhou L. Combined therapy of adenovirus vector mediated IGF-1 gene with anti-CD20 mAbs exerts potential beneficial role on type 1 diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Life Sci 2021:119853. [PMID: 34331973 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the protective effects of combined treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and adenovirus mediated mouse insulin-like growth factor 1 (Adv-mIGF-1) gene on type 1 diabetes (T1D) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice at early stage. METHODS To simultaneously restore the proportion of Th cells and block the interaction of B cells, NOD model mice were assigned to four groups which received PBS, Adv-mIGF-1 gene and anti-CD20 mAbs alone or combination, respectively. After 16 weeks of therapeutic intervention, blood samples and pancreatic tissues of mice were measured via the methods of ELISA, RT-PCR, western blotting, H&E staining, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry assays. KEY FINDINGS Chronic combination intervention with Adv-mIGF-1 gene and anti-CD20 mAbs reduced the T1D-related morbidity, promoted the secretion of insulin, controlled the blood glucose levels (BGLs) and alleviated insulitis of experimental mice. In addition, current combination intervention also protected the pancreatic β cells via suppressing the expression of Fas and TNF-α, inhibiting Caspase-3/8 related apoptotic pathway, and activating the Bcl-2-related antiapoptotic pathway. Furthermore, current combination therapy also increased the expression levels of PDX-1 and CK-19 genes, and finally accelerated the proliferation and differentiation of pancreatic β-cells. In addition, combination therapy could also ameliorate the pathological characteristics of diabetic nephropathy in NOD mice. CONCLUSION Combination treatment with Adv-mIGF-1 gene and anti-CD20 mAbs may exert a potential beneficial role on T1D in NOD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Department of Medical College, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Fei Bian
- Department of Medical College, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, CA, USA
| | - Yanyan Qin
- Department of Medical College, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Medical College, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- Department of Medical College, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Altered Regulatory B Cell Subsets in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8935694. [PMID: 32775471 PMCID: PMC7391103 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8935694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B regulatory cells (Breg) refer to characteristic subsets of B cells that generally exert anti-inflammatory functions and maintain peripheral tolerance mainly through their ability to secrete interleukin-10 (IL10). Dysregulation in the function of Breg cells was reported in several autoimmune diseases. However, the relation between Breg and children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is poorly understood. Thus, this study is aimed at determining whether Breg cells play a role in T1D in children or not, so we hypothesized that an altered phenotype of B cell subsets is associated with T1D in children. Children with T1D (n = 29) and control children with normal blood glucose levels (n = 14) were recruited. The percentages of different circulating IL10-producing Breg subsets, including B10, immature transitional, and plasmablasts were determined using flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the association between different IL10-producing B cells and patient parameters was investigated. The percentage of circulating IL10+CD24hiCD27+ (B10) and IL10+CD24hiCD38hi (immature transitional) subsets of Breg cells was significantly lower in T1D patients than in healthy controls. Moreover, these cells were also negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Breg cells did not correlate with autoantibody levels in the serum. These findings suggest that certain Breg subsets are numerically deficient in children with T1D. This alteration in frequency is associated with deficient islet function and glycemia. These findings suggest that Breg cells may be involved in the loss of auto-tolerance and consequent destruction of pancreatic cells and could, therefore, be a potential target for immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
5
|
Combination therapy with anti-CD20 mAb and IL-10 gene to reverse type 1 diabetes by attenuating pancreatitis and inhibiting apoptosis in NOD mice. Life Sci 2020; 256:117985. [PMID: 32562692 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the combination therapy of anti-CD20 mabs and adenovirus-mediated interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene delivery on the prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice. MAIN METHODS In present study, we simultaneously blocked the B cell interactions and recovered the Th cell subset proportion by using through anti-CD20 Mab and adenovirus-mediated gene delivery of IL-10, respectively. After 9 consecutive days of combination therapy, various measurements, including hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling assay (TUNEL), immunohistochemistry, ELISA, PCR and western blot were applied to further assess the efficacy. KEY FINDINGS The results suggested that the combination intervention reduced the T1D-associated morbidity of NOD mice, promote insulin secretion, control blood glucose and ease pancreatitis. Moreover, the combination therapy might play a protective role in pancreatic β cells by suppressing the expression of TNF-α and Fas, blocking the Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 apoptotic pathways and activating the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic pathway. Finally, the combination intervention may up-regulate the gene expression of CK-19 and PDX-1 and further accelerate the differentiation and proliferation of pancreatic β cells. SIGNIFICANCE Therefore, the combination intervention with anti-CD20 mabs and the IL-10 gene plays a role in the prevention of T1D to some extent in NOD mice.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmed R, Omidian Z, Donner T, Hamad ARA. Hiding in plain sight: time to unlock autoimmune clues in human CD5+ B cells by using nextgen technology. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2018; 26:79-83. [PMID: 30399325 PMCID: PMC7879960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CD5+ B cells expand in many autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Furthermore, CD5+ B cells contain important subsets: IL-10-producing B-reg cells, FasL-expressing subset, and the majority of pre-naive B cells. In addition, they are major sources of natural autoantibodies, which are polyreactive and autoreactive. Thus, CD5+ B cells are clearly loaded with autoimmune clues that are yet to be unlocked and understood. We hypothesize that human CD5+ B cells are likely to yield enormously important novel information about the role of B cells in autoimmune disease if analyzed using the new technological advances in molecular biology and genomics. Use of high-throughput sequencing of B cell receptors (BCR) of CD5+ B cells could reveal public BCRs associated with autoimmune diseases, whereas transcriptional analysis of CD5+ B cells using single-cell RNA-seq may delineate distinct sublineages and their relationship to conventional B cells. If it turns out that autoimmune repertoires are concentrated in CD5+ B cells, given that CD5+ B cells are clearly identifiable by flow cytometry, therapeutic strategies can be developed to safely remove CD5+ B cells to mitigate ongoing autoimmunity and protect at-risk individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zahra Omidian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas Donner
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Abdel Rahiam A. Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gene silencing of ZnT8 attenuates inflammation and protects pancreatic tissue injury in T1D. Immunol Lett 2018; 198:1-6. [PMID: 29601938 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocyte mediated inflammation contributes to the development of T1D. Zinc Transporter 8 (ZnT8) has emerged as a target of autoreactive T cells in human T1D in recent years. However, the regulating of ZnT8 in T1D has not been identified. We make a hypothesis that whether alternation of ZnT8 level could attenuate inflammation and protect pancreatic tissue injury in T1D. In this study, we utilized ZnT8 shRNA to inhibit ZnT8 expression, and detected inflammation, glucose tolerance and pancreatic tissue of NOD mice. We found that ZnT8 shRNA attenuated specific CD8+ T cell activation and cytotoxicity. In addition, ZnT8 shRNA protected glucose tolerance and pancreatic tissue injury via down-regulation of ZnT8 in NOD mice. Therefore, the results suggest that RNAi represents a promising target reducing ZnT8 mediated inflammation, and provides a novel therapeutical clue in T1D.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaminitz A, Ash S, Askenasy N. Neutralization Versus Reinforcement of Proinflammatory Cytokines to Arrest Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 52:460-472. [PMID: 27677500 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8587-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As physiological pathways of intercellular communication produced by all cells, cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory insulitis as well as pivotal mediators of immune homeostasis. Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukins, interferons, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and nitric oxide promote destructive insulitis in type 1 diabetes through amplification of the autoimmune reaction, direct toxicity to β-cells, and sensitization of islets to apoptosis. The concept that neutralization of cytokines may be of therapeutic benefit has been tested in few clinical studies, which fell short of inducing sustained remission or achieving disease arrest. Therapeutic failure is explained by the redundant activities of individual cytokines and their combinations, which are rather dispensable in the process of destructive insulitis because other cytolytic pathways efficiently compensate their deficiency. Proinflammatory cytokines are less redundant in regulation of the inflammatory reaction, displaying protective effects through restriction of effector cell activity, reinforcement of suppressor cell function, and participation in islet recovery from injury. Our analysis suggests that the role of cytokines in immune homeostasis overrides their contribution to β-cell death and may be used as potent immunomodulatory agents for therapeutic purposes rather than neutralized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Kaminitz
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49202
| | - Shifra Ash
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49202
| | - Nadir Askenasy
- The Leah and Edward M. Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14 Kaplan Street, Petach Tikva, Israel, 49202.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rojas J, Bermudez V, Palmar J, Martínez MS, Olivar LC, Nava M, Tomey D, Rojas M, Salazar J, Garicano C, Velasco M. Pancreatic Beta Cell Death: Novel Potential Mechanisms in Diabetes Therapy. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9601801. [PMID: 29670917 PMCID: PMC5836465 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9601801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Describing the diverse molecular mechanisms (particularly immunological) involved in the death of the pancreatic beta cell in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. RECENT FINDINGS Beta cell death is the final event in a series of mechanisms that, up to date, have not been entirely clarified; it represents the pathophysiological mechanism in the natural history of diabetes mellitus. These mechanisms are not limited to an apoptotic process only, which is characteristic of the immune-mediated insulitis in type 1 diabetes mellitus. They also include the action of proinflammatory cytokines, the production of reactive oxygen species, DNA fragmentation (typical of necroptosis in type 1 diabetic patients), excessive production of islet amyloid polypeptide with the consequent endoplasmic reticulum stress, disruption in autophagy mechanisms, and protein complex formation, such as the inflammasome, capable of increasing oxidative stress produced by mitochondrial damage. SUMMARY Necroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis are molecular mechanisms that modulate the survival of the pancreatic beta cell, demonstrating the importance of the immune system in glucolipotoxicity processes and the potential role for immunometabolism as another component of what once known as the "ominous octet."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joselyn Rojas
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermudez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Jim Palmar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María Sofía Martínez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Daniel Tomey
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Milagros Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Carlos Garicano
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit. School of Medicine José María Vargas, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saxena A, Yagita H, Donner TW, Hamad ARA. Expansion of FasL-Expressing CD5 + B Cells in Type 1 Diabetes Patients. Front Immunol 2017; 8:402. [PMID: 28439273 PMCID: PMC5383713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas ligand drives insulitis in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and negatively regulates IL-10-producing (IL-10pos) CD5+ B cells in pancreata. Relevance of these phenomena to the human disease is poorly understood. Here, using splenocytes from T1D, autoantibody (Ab+), and non-diabetic (ND) human subjects, we show that a subpopulation of CD5+ B cells that is characterized by expression of FasL (FasLhiCD5+) was significantly elevated in T1D subjects, many of whom had significantly reduced frequency of IL-10posCD5+ B cells compared to Ab+ subjects. The majority of FasLhiCD5+ B cells did not produce cytokines and were more highly resistant to activation-induced cell death than their IL-10posCD5+ counterparts. These results associate expansion of FasL-expressing CD5+ B cells with T1D and lay the groundwork for future mechanistic studies to understand specific role in disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Saxena
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas W Donner
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdel Rahim A Hamad
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yolcu ES, Shirwan H, Askenasy N. Fas/Fas-Ligand Interaction As a Mechanism of Immune Homeostasis and β-Cell Cytotoxicity: Enforcement Rather Than Neutralization for Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:342. [PMID: 28396667 PMCID: PMC5366321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esma S Yolcu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY , USA
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY , USA
| | - Nadir Askenasy
- Frankel Laboratory of Experimental Bone Marrow Transplantation , Petach Tikva , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Joglekar MV, Trivedi PM, Kay TW, Hawthorne WJ, O'Connell PJ, Jenkins AJ, Hardikar AA, Thomas HE. Human islet cells are killed by BID-independent mechanisms in response to FAS ligand. Apoptosis 2016; 21:379-89. [PMID: 26758067 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cell death via FAS/CD95 can occur either by activation of caspases alone (extrinsic) or by activation of mitochondrial death signalling (intrinsic) depending on the cell type. The BH3-only protein BID is activated in the BCL-2-regulated or mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and acts as a switch between the extrinsic and intrinsic cell death pathways. We have previously demonstrated that islets from BID-deficient mice are protected from FAS ligand-mediated apoptosis in vitro. However, it is not yet known if BID plays a similar role in human beta cell death. We therefore aimed to test the role of BID in human islet cell apoptosis immediately after isolation from human cadaver donors, as well as after de-differentiation in vitro. Freshly isolated human islets or 10-12 day cultured human islet cells exhibited BID transcript knockdown after BID siRNA transfection, however they were not protected from FAS ligand-mediated cell death in vitro as determined by DNA fragmentation analysis using flow cytometry. On the other hand, the same cells transfected with siRNA for FAS-associated via death domain (FADD), a molecule in the extrinsic cell death pathway upstream of BID, showed significant reduction in cell death. De-differentiated islets (human islet-derived progenitor cells) also demonstrated similar results with no difference in cell death after BID knockdown as compared to scramble siRNA transfections. Our results indicate that BID-independent pathways are responsible for FAS-dependent human islet cell death. These results are different from those observed in mouse islets and therefore demonstrate potentially alternate pathways of FAS ligand-induced cell death in human and mouse islet cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC-Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Prerak M Trivedi
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas W Kay
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- The Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- The Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC-Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC-Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hamad ARA, Ahmed R, Donner T, Fousteri G. B cell-targeted immunotherapy for type 1 diabetes: What can make it work? DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2016; 21:213-219. [PMID: 27115172 PMCID: PMC5266520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Bucking the trend, however, is type 1 diabetes (T1D), although it is one of best understood autoimmune diseases and individuals at genetic risk are identifiable with high certainty. Here we review the major obstacles associated with pan-B-cell-depletion using rituximab (RTX) and discuss the notion that B cell-directed therapy may be most effective as a preventive measure. We suggest that it will be more productive to aim at identifying and targeting autoreactive B cells rather than making adjustments to pan-B cell depletion and that non-conventional alternative therapies such as antibody blockade of FasL to bolster IL-10-producing Breg cells, which work successfully in mice, should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Rahim A Hamad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas Donner
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Georgia Fousteri
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cobbold SP, Li XC. Translating Tolerogenic Therapies to the Clinic - Where Do We Stand and What are the Barriers? Front Immunol 2012; 3:317. [PMID: 23091475 PMCID: PMC3469784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Cobbold
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|