1
|
Geginat J, Granucci F. Regulatory T-cell-derived interleukin-15 shapes cytotoxic T cell memory. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250238. [PMID: 36398486 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are required to prevent autoimmunity, but they may also have some less-well understood immune-stimulatory effects. In particular, in CD8+ T-cell responses Tregs select high-affinity clones upon priming and promote memory by inhibiting inflammation-dependent generation of short-lived effector cells. In the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology [Eur. J. Immunol. 2023. 53: 2149400], Madi et al. report the surprising finding that human and murine FOXP3+ Tregs are a physiologically relevant source of IL-15, a homeostatic cytokine that promotes antigen-independent maintenance of CD8+ memory T-cells. In mice that lack IL-15 selectively in FOXP3+ Tregs the authors show that the composition of the CD8+ T-cell memory pool is altered in the absence of Treg-derived IL-15, since a subset of terminally effector memory cells is drastically reduced. Otherwise Treg-derived IL-15 is dispensable for antiviral immune responses and the generation of anti-viral CD8+ memory T-cells. These findings add to our understanding of the multifaceted role of Tregs in immune responses, and how IL-15 derived from different cellular sources maintains anti-viral T-cell memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Geginat
- University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Granucci
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Madi A, Wu J, Ma S, Weisshaar N, Mieg A, Hering M, Ming Y, Zettl F, Mohr K, Ten Bosch N, Schlimbach T, Hertel F, Cui G. Regulatory T cell-derived interleukin-15 promotes the diversity of immunological memory. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2149400. [PMID: 36263815 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While the immunosuppressive function of regulatory T (Treg) cells has been extensively studied, their immune-supportive roles have been less well investigated. Using a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong infection mouse model, we found that Treg cell-derived interleukin (IL)-15 is required for long-term maintenance of the KLRG1+ IL-7Rα- CD62L- terminal effector memory CD8+ T (tTEM) cell subset, but dispensable for the suppressive function of Treg cells themselves. In contrast, deletion of Il15 from other sources, including myeloid cells and muscles, did not affect the composition of the memory CD8+ T cell pool. Our findings identify Treg cells as an essential IL-15 source maintaining tTEM cells and suggest that Treg cells promote the diversity of immunological memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Madi
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jingxia Wu
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sicong Ma
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weisshaar
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessa Mieg
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Hering
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yanan Ming
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zettl
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Ten Bosch
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany
| | - Tilo Schlimbach
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Hertel
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guoliang Cui
- T Cell Metabolism Group (D192), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu K, Zheng X, Yao Z, Zheng Z, Huang W, Mu X, Sun F, Liu Z, Zheng J. Accumulation of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells is a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14304-14321. [PMID: 34016791 PMCID: PMC8202838 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is characterized by high immunogenicity and infiltration of immune cells. CD45RO+CD8+ T cells are well known as a critical role in host defense of the immune environment. However, their role in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unknown. To elucidate the clinical importance of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells in ccRCC as well as its underlying mechanism, we analyzed several types of peripheral immune cells from 274 patients with ccRCC who have received radical or partial nephrectomy and 350 healthy people. Flow cytomety assays showed there was no significant difference in the proportions of CD8+ T cells and its subtypes other than CD45RO+/CD45RA+CD8+ cells. Both gene and protein expression levels of CD45RO in ccRCC tissues were decreased. CD45RO+CD8+ T cells showed increased proliferative abilities but decreased apoptotic abilities through MAPK signaling activation in ccRCC. High expression level of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells inhibited ccRCC progression, including proliferation, invasion, as well as autophagy of ccRCC through many signaling pathways. Bioinformatics and immunohistochemical chip analysis measured gene and protein levels of CD45RO and other related proteins. The combination of UCHL1, HMGB3, and CD36 has diagnostic value in ccRCC and is able to predict prognosis. Collectively, CD45RO+CD8+ T cells play a critical role in ccRCC progression and may be regarded as clinical indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xinyi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zhixian Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xingyu Mu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang H, Zhou P, Wei J, Long L, Shi H, Dhungana Y, Chapman NM, Fu G, Saravia J, Raynor JL, Liu S, Palacios G, Wang YD, Qian C, Yu J, Chi H. In vivo CRISPR screening reveals nutrient signaling processes underpinning CD8 + T cell fate decisions. Cell 2021; 184:1245-1261.e21. [PMID: 33636132 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
How early events in effector T cell (TEFF) subsets tune memory T cell (TMEM) responses remains incompletely understood. Here, we systematically investigated metabolic factors in fate determination of TEFF and TMEM cells using in vivo pooled CRISPR screening, focusing on negative regulators of TMEM responses. We found that amino acid transporters Slc7a1 and Slc38a2 dampened the magnitude of TMEM differentiation, in part through modulating mTORC1 signaling. By integrating genetic and systems approaches, we identified cellular and metabolic heterogeneity among TEFF cells, with terminal effector differentiation associated with establishment of metabolic quiescence and exit from the cell cycle. Importantly, Pofut1 (protein-O-fucosyltransferase-1) linked GDP-fucose availability to downstream Notch-Rbpj signaling, and perturbation of this nutrient signaling axis blocked terminal effector differentiation but drove context-dependent TEFF proliferation and TMEM development. Our study establishes that nutrient uptake and signaling are key determinants of T cell fate and shape the quantity and quality of TMEM responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jun Wei
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lingyun Long
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hao Shi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Guotong Fu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jordy Saravia
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jana L Raynor
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Chenxi Qian
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lefebvre MN, Harty JT. You Shall Not Pass: Memory CD8 T Cells in Liver-Stage Malaria. Trends Parasitol 2019; 36:147-157. [PMID: 31843536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Each year over 200 million malaria infections occur, with over 400 000 associated deaths. Vaccines formed with attenuated whole parasites can induce protective memory CD8 T cell responses against liver-stage malaria; however, widespread administration of such vaccines is logistically challenging. Recent scientific findings are delineating how protective memory CD8 T cell populations are primed and maintained and how such cells mediate immunity to liver-stage malaria. Memory CD8 T cell anatomic localization and expression of transcription factors, homing receptors, and signaling molecules appear to play integral roles in protective immunity to liver-stage malaria. Further investigation of how such factors contribute to optimal protective memory CD8 T cell generation and maintenance in humans will inform efforts for improved vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell N Lefebvre
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Omilusik KD, Goldrath AW. Remembering to remember: T cell memory maintenance and plasticity. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 58:89-97. [PMID: 31170601 PMCID: PMC6612439 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Upon activation, naive T cells give rise to a heterogeneous cell population of effector and memory T cells that mediate antigen clearance and provide long-lived protection from rechallenge. Many of the transcriptional regulators that direct the differentiation of naive T cells to acquire the range of phenotypic and functional characteristics of effector and memory T cells have been described. However, the active programs that maintain the specific subsets of memory T cells are less clear. Here, we discuss recent studies that suggest effector and memory CD8+ T cells exist in cellular 'states' with inherent plasticity. Further, we consider the newly identified role of active transcriptional and epigenetic programming in maintaining the identity of the distinct subsets within the memory population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyla D Omilusik
- University of California San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0377, United States
| | - Ananda W Goldrath
- University of California San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0377, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghosh S, Sarkar M, Ghosh T, Guha I, Bhuniya A, Saha A, Dasgupta S, Barik S, Bose A, Baral R. Neem leaf glycoprotein generates superior tumor specific central memory CD8+ T cells than cyclophosphamide that averts post-surgery solid sarcoma recurrence. Vaccine 2017; 35:4421-4429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
8
|
Gaither KA, Little AA, McBride AA, Garcia SR, Brar KK, Zhu Z, Platt A, Zhang F, Meadows GG, Zhang H. The immunomodulatory, antitumor and antimetastatic responses of melanoma-bearing normal and alcoholic mice to sunitinib and ALT-803: a combinatorial treatment approach. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:1123-34. [PMID: 27481107 PMCID: PMC11029158 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ALT-803, a novel IL-15/IL-15 receptor alpha complex, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, were examined for their single and combined effects on the growth of subcutaneous B16BL6 melanoma and on lymph node and lung metastasis. The study was conducted in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice drinking water (Water mice) and in mice that chronically consumed alcohol (Alcohol mice), which are deficient in CD8(+) T cells. Sunitinib inhibited melanoma growth and was more effective in Alcohol mice. ALT-803 did not alter tumor growth or survival in Water or Alcohol mice. Combined ALT-803 and sunitinib inhibited melanoma growth and increased survival, and these effects were greater than sunitinib alone in Water mice. ALT-803 and alcohol independently suppressed lymph node and lung metastasis, whereas sunitinib alone or in combination with ALT-803 increased lymph node and lung metastasis in Water and Alcohol mice. Initially, ALT-803 increased IFN-γ-producing CD8(+)CD44(hi) memory T cells and CD8(+)CD44(hi)CD62L(lo) effector memory T cells and sunitinib decreased immunosuppressive MDSC and T regulatory cells (Treg). However, the impact of these treatments diminished with time. Subcutaneous tumors from Water mice showed increased numbers of CD8(+) T cells, CD8(+)CD44(hi) T cells, NK cells, and MDSC cells and decreased Treg cells after ALT-803 treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari A Gaither
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PBS 323, P. O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
| | - Alexander A Little
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PBS 323, P. O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
| | - Alisha A McBride
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PBS 323, P. O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
| | - Savanna R Garcia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PBS 323, P. O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
| | - Kiranjot K Brar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PBS 323, P. O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PBS 323, P. O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
| | - Amity Platt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PBS 323, P. O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
| | - Faya Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PBS 323, P. O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA
| | - Gary G Meadows
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PBS 323, P. O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University Spokane, PBS 323, P. O. Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaushal D, Foreman TW, Gautam US, Alvarez X, Adekambi T, Rangel-Moreno J, Golden NA, Johnson AMF, Phillips BL, Ahsan MH, Russell-Lodrigue KE, Doyle LA, Roy CJ, Didier PJ, Blanchard JL, Rengarajan J, Lackner AA, Khader SA, Mehra S. Mucosal vaccination with attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces strong central memory responses and protects against tuberculosis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8533. [PMID: 26460802 PMCID: PMC4608260 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global pandaemic, partially due to the failure of vaccination approaches. Novel anti-TB vaccines are therefore urgently required. Here we show that aerosol immunization of macaques with the Mtb mutant in SigH (MtbΔsigH) results in significant recruitment of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing activation and proliferation markers to the lungs. Further, the findings indicate that pulmonary vaccination with MtbΔsigH elicited strong central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in the lung. Vaccination with MtbΔsigH results in significant protection against a lethal TB challenge, as evidenced by an approximately three log reduction in bacterial burdens, significantly diminished clinical manifestations and granulomatous pathology and characterized by the presence of profound iBALT. This highly protective response is virtually absent in unvaccinated and BCG-vaccinated animals after challenge. These results suggest that future TB vaccine candidates can be developed on the basis of MtbΔsigH. BCG, the only vaccine currently used against tuberculosis, confers only limited protection. Here the authors show that mucosal immunization of macaques with an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis confers a high level of protection from a lethal challenge with the bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Taylor W Foreman
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Uma S Gautam
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA
| | - Xavier Alvarez
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA
| | - Toidi Adekambi
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | | | - Nadia A Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA
| | | | - Bonnie L Phillips
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Muhammad H Ahsan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA
| | | | - Lara A Doyle
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA
| | - Chad J Roy
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA
| | - Peter J Didier
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA
| | - James L Blanchard
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.,Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
| | - Andrew A Lackner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.,Department of Pathology, Tulane Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana 70433, USA.,Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Martin MD, Badovinac VP. Influence of time and number of antigen encounters on memory CD8 T cell development. Immunol Res 2015; 59:35-44. [PMID: 24825776 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-014-8522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CD8 T cells are an important part of the adaptive immune system providing protection against intracellular bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. After infection and/or vaccination, increased numbers of antigen-specific CD8 T cells remain as a memory population that is capable of responding and providing enhanced protection during reinfection. Experimental studies indicate that while memory CD8 T cells can be maintained for great lengths of time, their properties change with time after infection and/or vaccination. However, the full scope of these changes and what effects they have on memory CD8 T cell function remain unknown. In addition, memory CD8 T cells can encounter antigen multiple times through either reinfection or prime-boost vaccine strategies designed to increase numbers of protective memory CD8 T cells. Importantly, recent studies suggest that memory CD8 T cell development following infection and/or vaccination is influenced by the number of times they have encountered cognate antigen. Since protection offered by memory CD8 T cells in response to infection depends on both the numbers and quality (functional characteristics) at the time of pathogen re-encounter, a thorough understanding of how time and antigen stimulation history impacts memory CD8 T cell properties is critical for the design of vaccines aimed at establishing populations of long-lived, protective memory CD8 T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 1160 Med Labs, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rudd BD, Venturi V, Smith NL, Nzingha K, Goldberg EL, Li G, Nikolich-Zugich J, Davenport MP. Acute neonatal infections 'lock-in' a suboptimal CD8+ T cell repertoire with impaired recall responses. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003572. [PMID: 24068921 PMCID: PMC3771883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection during various stages of human development produces widely different clinical outcomes, yet the links between age-related changes in the immune compartment and functional immunity remain unclear. The ability of the immune system to respond to specific antigens and mediate protection in early life is closely correlated with the level of diversification of lymphocyte antigen receptors. We have previously shown that the neonatal primary CD8+ T cell response to replication competent virus is significantly constricted compared to the adult response. In the present study, we have analyzed the subsequent formation of neonatal memory CD8+ T cells and their response to secondary infectious challenge. In particular, we asked whether the less diverse CD8+ T cell clonotypes that are elicited by neonatal vaccination with replication competent virus are ‘locked-in’ to the adult memory T cell, and thus may compromise the strength of adult immunity. Here we report that neonatal memory CD8+ T cells mediate poor recall responses compared to adults and are comprised of a repertoire of lower avidity T cells. During a later infectious challenge the neonatal memory CD8+ T cells compete poorly with the fully diverse repertoire of naïve adult CD8+ T cells and are outgrown by the adult primary response. This has important implications for the timing of vaccination in early life. Newborns typically have a heightened sensitivity to infectious diseases, the reasons for which are not yet well understood. One contributing factor is the limited diversity of lymphocyte receptors early in life to recognize antigen and control infection. We have previously shown that antigen-specific CD8+ T cell repertoires are significantly constricted in neonates compared with adults. In this study, we addressed the question of whether the developmental stage of the host at the time of vaccination influences the composition of the memory CD8+ T cell repertoire and its ability to mount a robust response to subsequent infections. We observed that the antigen-specific T cell repertoires elicited in the context of an acute neonatal infection, that are less diverse and comprised of lower-avidity T cells, are partially ‘locked-in’ to the adult memory T cell repertoire. However, in the face of a secondary infectious challenge, naïve adult T cells outcompete the lower avidity neonatal memory T cells and raise the diversity of the overall CD8+ T cell response. These results have potential implications for the design of vaccines to be administered in early life.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aging
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- DNA, Recombinant/metabolism
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/prevention & control
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/metabolism
- Immune System/growth & development
- Immune System/immunology
- Immune System/pathology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/etiology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/metabolism
- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/pathology
- Immunologic Memory
- Listeria monocytogenes/genetics
- Listeria monocytogenes/immunology
- Listeria monocytogenes/metabolism
- Listeria monocytogenes/pathogenicity
- Listeriosis/immunology
- Listeriosis/microbiology
- Listeriosis/physiopathology
- Listeriosis/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Models, Immunological
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Vaccines, Attenuated/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccinia/immunology
- Vaccinia/prevention & control
- Vaccinia/virology
- Vaccinia virus/genetics
- Vaccinia virus/immunology
- Vaccinia virus/metabolism
- Virulence
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BDR); (JNZ); (MPD)
| | - Vanessa Venturi
- Computational Biology Group, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Norah L. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Kito Nzingha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Emily L. Goldberg
- Department of Immunobiology and the Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Immunobiology and the Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Janko Nikolich-Zugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BDR); (JNZ); (MPD)
| | - Miles P. Davenport
- Complex Systems in Biology Group, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (BDR); (JNZ); (MPD)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fujihara M, Takahashi D, Abe H, Sakai H, Horinouchi H, Kobayashi K, Ikeda H, Azuma H. Primary and secondary immune responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin in rats after infusion of hemoglobin vesicle, an artificial oxygen carrier. Artif Organs 2013; 38:234-8. [PMID: 24033558 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin vesicles (HbVs), artificial oxygen carriers encapsulating concentrated Hb solution on phospholipid vesicles (liposomes), are promising candidates for clinically useful transfusion. Although HbV infusion transiently suppressed the proliferative response of rat splenic T-cells to concanavalin A or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), a T-cell-dependent antigen, in ex vivo culture conditions, HbV infusion did not affect the primary IgG antibody response. We extended our assessment of the effects of HbV infusion on the systemic immune response using primary and secondary responses to KLH in rats. We observed that the generation of primary anti-KLH IgM antibody in HbV-infused rats was not suppressed but was instead higher than those in saline-infused rats. Furthermore, HbV infusion did not suppress the increase of IgG subclass of KLH antibody in secondary response. The T cell response to KLH of bulk spleen cells, as derived from 2-3 months after secondary KLH immunization, was unaffected by infusion of HbV, suggesting that HbV loading has no suppressive effect on homeostatic survival of memory T-cells against KLH. These results indicate that HbV is highly biocompatible in systemic immune responses in rats.
Collapse
|