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Liu PY, Li HQ, Dong MQ, Gu XY, Xu SY, Xia SN, Bao XY, Xu Y, Cao X. Infiltrating myeloid cell-derived properdin markedly promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:260. [PMID: 37951917 PMCID: PMC10640761 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has shown that myeloid cells that infiltrate into the peri-infarct region may influence the progression of ischemic stroke by interacting with microglia. Properdin, which is typically secreted by immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells, has been found to possess damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) properties and can perform functions unrelated to the complement pathway. However, the role of properdin in modulating microglia-mediated post-stroke neuroinflammation remains unclear. METHODS Global and conditional (myeloid-specific) properdin-knockout mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Histopathological and behavioral tests were performed to assess ischemic brain injury in mice. Single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence staining were applied to explore the source and the expression level of properdin. The transcriptomic profile of properdin-activated primary microglia was depicted by transcriptome sequencing. Lentivirus was used for macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) silencing in microglia. Conditioned medium from primary microglia was administered to primary cortex neurons to determine the neurotoxicity of microglia. A series of cellular and molecular biological techniques were used to evaluate the proinflammatory response, neuronal death, protein-protein interactions, and related signaling pathways, etc. RESULTS: The level of properdin was significantly increased, and brain-infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages were the main sources of properdin in the ischemic brain. Global and conditional myeloid knockout of properdin attenuated microglial overactivation and inflammatory responses at the acute stage of tMCAO in mice. Accordingly, treatment with recombinant properdin enhanced the production of proinflammatory cytokines and augmented microglia-potentiated neuronal death in primary culture. Mechanistically, recombinant properdin served as a novel ligand that activated Mincle receptors on microglia and downstream pathways to drive primary microglia-induced inflammatory responses. Intriguingly, properdin can directly bind to the microglial Mincle receptor to exert the above effects, while Mincle knockdown limits properdin-mediated microglial inflammation. CONCLUSION Properdin is a new medium by which infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells communicate with microglia, further activate microglia, and exacerbate brain injury in the ischemic brain, suggesting that targeted disruption of the interaction between properdin and Mincle on microglia or inhibition of their downstream signaling may improve the prognosis of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qin Li
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ya Gu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Nan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China.
- Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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Alharbi A. A Potential Role of Vitamin D on Platelet Leukocyte Aggregation and Pathological Events in Sepsis: An Updated Review. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3651-3664. [PMID: 34354363 PMCID: PMC8331079 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s321362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency and sepsis are both significant global health problems. Insufficient vitamin D is considered to be a pathogenically relevant factor of sepsis-related deaths; however, a causal relationship has not yet been demonstrated. Recently, vitamin D has been an exciting field of research owing to the identification of vitamin D receptors on many extra skeletal tissues and cells, suggesting an unexpected role on body physiology, beyond its effects on bone homeostasis. However, while the role of vitamin D on bone health is widely understood and has been successfully translated into clinical applications and public health policies, recent evidence supporting its role in other physiological and pathological processes has not been fully established. In sepsis, there is an induction of local intracellular vitamin D activity by most immune cells, including lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, as well as vascular endothelial cells, to ensure efficient clearance of infective microorganisms and mediate anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic effects. The literature suggests an association between low vitamin D levels and sepsis, but clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. A greater understanding of this role may improve disease management. This article reviews the available knowledge regarding vitamin D in immune function, emerging literature regarding the association between its deficiency and sepsis, as well as presenting its potential effect on platelet leukocyte aggregations (PLAs), a significant pathology in sepsis. It also summarizes clinical trials involving vitamin D supplementation during critical illness and sepsis and addresses the impact of relevant factors of sepsis pathogenesis on the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation, which could contribute to the reported inconsistencies. Looking ahead, further studies are required to uncover the possible modulatory relationship between vitamin D and sepsis to define better cut-offs for its levels, proper timing of its administration, and the optimum dosage for best management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzah Alharbi
- Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Mathematical Modelling of Alternative Pathway of Complement System. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:33. [PMID: 32062771 PMCID: PMC7024062 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The complement system (CS) is an integral part of innate immunity and can be activated via three different pathways. The alternative pathway (AP) has a central role in the function of the CS. The AP of complement system is implicated in several human disease pathologies. In the absence of triggers, the AP exists in a time-invariant resting state (physiological steady state). It is capable of rapid, potent and transient activation response upon challenge with a trigger. Previous models of AP have focused on the activation response. In order to understand the molecular machinery necessary for AP activation and regulation of a physiological steady state, we built parsimonious AP models using experimentally supported kinetic parameters. The models further allowed us to test quantitative roles played by negative and positive regulators of the pathway in order to test hypotheses regarding their mechanisms of action, thus providing more insight into the complex regulation of AP.
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Michels MAHM, Volokhina EB, van de Kar NCAJ, van den Heuvel LPWJ. The role of properdin in complement-mediated renal diseases: a new player in complement-inhibiting therapy? Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:1349-1367. [PMID: 30141176 PMCID: PMC6579773 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-018-4042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Properdin is known as the only positive regulator of the complement system. Properdin promotes the activity of this defense system by stabilizing its key enzymatic complexes: the complement alternative pathway (AP) convertases. Besides, some studies have indicated a role for properdin as an initiator of complement activity. Though the AP is a powerful activation route of the complement system, it is also involved in a wide variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, many of which affect the kidneys. The role of properdin in regulating complement in health and disease has not received as much appraisal as the many negative AP regulators, such as factor H. Historically, properdin deficiency has been strongly associated with an increased risk for meningococcal disease. Yet only recently had studies begun to link properdin to other complement-related diseases, including renal diseases. In the light of the upcoming complement-inhibiting therapies, it is interesting whether properdin can be a therapeutic target to attenuate AP-mediated injury. A full understanding of the basic concepts of properdin biology is therefore needed. Here, we first provide an overview of the function of properdin in health and disease. Then, we explore its potential as a therapeutic target for the AP-associated renal diseases C3 glomerulopathy, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, and proteinuria-induced tubulointerstitial injury. Considering current knowledge, properdin-inhibiting therapy seems promising in certain cases. However, knowing the complexity of properdin's role in renal pathologies in vivo, further research is required to clarify the exact potential of properdin-targeted therapy in complement-mediated renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes A. H. M. Michels
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena B. Volokhina
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. A. J. van de Kar
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P. W. J. van den Heuvel
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, PO Box 9101, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,Department of Pediatrics/Pediatric Nephrology and Department of Development & Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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O'Flynn J, Kotimaa J, Faber-Krol R, Koekkoek K, Klar-Mohamad N, Koudijs A, Schwaeble WJ, Stover C, Daha MR, van Kooten C. Properdin binds independent of complement activation in an in vivo model of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease. Kidney Int 2018; 94:1141-1150. [PMID: 30322716 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Properdin is the only known positive regulator of complement activation by stabilizing the alternative pathway convertase through C3 binding, thus prolonging its half-life. Recent in vitro studies suggest that properdin may act as a specific pattern recognition molecule. To better understand the role of properdin in vivo, we used an experimental model of acute anti-glomerular basement membrane disease with wild-type, C3- and properdin knockout mice. The model exhibited severe proteinuria, acute neutrophil infiltration and activation, classical and alternative pathway activation, and progressive glomerular deposition of properdin, C3 and C9. Although the acute renal injury was likely due to acute neutrophil activation, we found properdin deposition in C3-knockout mice that was not associated with IgG. Thus, properdin may deposit in injured tissues in vivo independent of its main ligand C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O'Flynn
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Juha Kotimaa
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology, Leiden, The Netherlands; University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ria Faber-Krol
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Koekkoek
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ngaisah Klar-Mohamad
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Koudijs
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm J Schwaeble
- University of Leicester, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Leicester, UK
| | - Cordula Stover
- University of Leicester, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Leicester, UK
| | - Mohamed R Daha
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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The alternative complement pathway is dysregulated in patients with chronic heart failure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42532. [PMID: 28195242 PMCID: PMC5307342 DOI: 10.1038/srep42532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an important arm of the innate immune system, is activated in heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that HF patients are characterized by an imbalance of alternative amplification loop components; including properdin and complement factor D and the alternative pathway inhibitor factor H. These components and the activation product, terminal complement complex (TCC), were measured in plasma from 188 HF patients and 67 age- and sex- matched healthy controls by enzyme immunoassay. Our main findings were: (i) Compared to controls, patients with HF had significantly increased levels of factor D and TCC, and decreased levels of properdin, particularly patients with advanced clinical disorder (i.e., NYHA functional class IV), (ii) Levels of factor D and properdin in HF patients were correlated with measures of systemic inflammation (i.e., C-reactive protein), neurohormonal deterioration (i.e., Nt-proBNP), cardiac function, and deteriorated diastolic function, (iii) Low levels of factor H and properdin were associated with adverse outcome in univariate analysis and for factor H, this was also seen in an adjusted model. Our results indicate that dysregulation of circulating components of the alternative pathway explain the increased degree of complement activation and is related to disease severity in HF patients.
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Tsyrkunou A, Agarwal S, Koirala B, Finberg RW, Nath R, Barton B, Levitz SM, Wang JP, Ram S. Properdin Levels in Individuals with Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 4:ofw250. [PMID: 28480246 PMCID: PMC5414105 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils produce and carry key components of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement, including properdin (P). The effect of chemotherapy-induced absolute neutropenia on circulating P levels and AP function has not been previously established. METHODS We prospectively measured free P levels in serum from 27 individuals expected to develop neutropenia after administration of chemotherapy for hematological malignancies in preparation for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and here describe the relationship between serum P levels and the neutrophil count over time. RESULTS When the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was >500 cells/mm3 pre-chemotherapy, P levels were significantly higher than P levels associated with an ANC ≤500 cells/mm3 (median values 8392 ng/mL and 6355 ng/mL, respectively; P = .001). Pairwise comparison between pre-chemotherapy P levels and P levels at initial or last documented neutropenia before recovery showed a significant decline (P < .0001). No correlation was observed between P levels during neutropenia and after recovery of neutropenia in 20 subjects for which postneutropenia samples were obtained. A small but significant (P = .02) decrease in AP hemolytic activity was noted between baseline (preneutropenia) and samples obtained at the onset of neutropenia, but only with low (6.25%) and not higher (12.5 or 25%) serum concentrations. CONCLUSIONS A decline in P levels and AP activity could contribute to the increased risk of infection in neutropenic patients and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artsiom Tsyrkunou
- Departments of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Sarika Agarwal
- Departments of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Bibek Koirala
- Departments of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Robert W Finberg
- Departments of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Rajneesh Nath
- Departments of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Bruce Barton
- Departments of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Stuart M Levitz
- Departments of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Jennifer P Wang
- Departments of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Departments of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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Bermejo-Martin JF, Andaluz-Ojeda D, Almansa R, Gandía F, Gómez-Herreras JI, Gomez-Sanchez E, Heredia-Rodríguez M, Eiros JM, Kelvin DJ, Tamayo E. Defining immunological dysfunction in sepsis: A requisite tool for precision medicine. J Infect 2016; 72:525-36. [PMID: 26850357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immunological dysregulation is now recognised as a major pathogenic event in sepsis. Stimulation of immune response and immuno-modulation are emerging approaches for the treatment of this disease. Defining the underlying immunological alterations in sepsis is important for the design of future therapies with immuno-modulatory drugs. METHODS Clinical studies evaluating the immunological response in adult patients with Sepsis and published in PubMed were reviewed to identify features of immunological dysfunction. For this study we used key words related with innate and adaptive immunity. RESULTS Ten major features of immunological dysfunction (FID) were identified involving quantitative and qualitative alterations of [antigen presentation](FID1), [T and B lymphocytes] (FID2), [natural killer cells] (FID3), [relative increase in T regulatory cells] (FID4), [increased expression of PD-1 and PD-ligand1](FID5), [low levels of immunoglobulins](FID6), [low circulating counts of neutrophils and/or increased immature forms in non survivors](FID7), [hyper-cytokinemia] (FID8), [complement consumption] (FID9), [defective bacterial killing by neutrophil extracellular traps](FID10). CONCLUSIONS This review article identified ten major features associated with immunosuppression and immunological dysregulation in sepsis. Assessment of these features could help in utilizing precision medicine for the treatment of sepsis with immuno-modulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús F Bermejo-Martin
- Infection and Immunity Medical Investigation Unit (IMI), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL/IECSCYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - David Andaluz-Ojeda
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Almansa
- Infection and Immunity Medical Investigation Unit (IMI), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL/IECSCYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Gandía
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Jose Ignacio Gómez-Herreras
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Esther Gomez-Sanchez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - María Heredia-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Jose Maria Eiros
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita' degli Studi di Sassari, Piazza Università, 21, 07100 Sassari SS, Italy; International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041 Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Eduardo Tamayo
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica en Cuidados Críticos (BioCritic), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, SACYL, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
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9
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Stover CM. Editorial: Antimicrobial Peptides and Complement - Maximising the Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2015; 6:491. [PMID: 26441995 PMCID: PMC4585229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cordula M Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester , Leicester , UK
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Activated Complement Factors as Disease Markers for Sepsis. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:382463. [PMID: 26420913 PMCID: PMC4572436 DOI: 10.1155/2015/382463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. Early recognition and effective management are essential for improved outcome. However, early recognition is impeded by lack of clinically utilized biomarkers. Complement factors play important roles in the mechanisms leading to sepsis and can potentially serve as early markers of sepsis and of sepsis severity and outcome. This review provides a synopsis of recent animal and clinical studies of the role of complement factors in sepsis development, together with their potential as disease markers. In addition, new results from our laboratory are presented regarding the involvement of the complement factor, mannose-binding lectin, in septic shock patients. Future clinical studies are needed to obtain the complete profiles of complement factors/their activated products during the course of sepsis development. We anticipate that the results of these studies will lead to a multipanel set of sepsis biomarkers which, along with currently used laboratory tests, will facilitate earlier diagnosis, timely treatment, and improved outcome.
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