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Lee KC, Chen P, Maricic I, Inamine T, Hu J, Gong S, Sun JC, Dasgupta S, Lin HC, Lin YT, Loomba R, Stärkel P, Kumar V, Schnabl B. Intestinal iNKT cells migrate to liver and contribute to hepatocyte apoptosis during alcoholic liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G585-G597. [PMID: 30817180 PMCID: PMC6580241 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00269.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the migration of intestinal immune cells to the liver and their contribution to alcoholic liver disease. In mice fed ethanol, we found that an increased number of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which respond to the antigen presented by CD1d, migrated from mesenteric lymph nodes to the liver. iNKT cells react to lipid antigens, so we studied their activities in mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of Pparg (PpargΔIEC) as a model for altering intestinal lipidomic profiles. Levels of CD1d increased in intestines of ethanol-fed PpargΔIEC mice, and in cell-tracking experiments, more iNKT cells migrated to the liver, compared with mice without disruption of Pparg. Livers of PpargΔIEC mice had increased markers of apoptosis and liver injury after ethanol feeding. iNKT cells isolated from livers of ethanol-fed PpargΔIEC mice induced apoptosis of cultured hepatocytes. An inhibitor of iNKT cells reduced ethanol-induced liver injury in PpargΔIEC mice. Duodenal tissues from patients with alcohol-use disorder have been found to have increased levels of CD1d compared with tissues from patients without alcohol overuse. Ethanol use, therefore, activates iNKT cells in the intestine to migrate to liver, where they-along with the resident hepatic iNKT cells-contribute to hepatocyte death and injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this article, we studied migration of intestinal immune cells into the liver in response to ethanol-induced liver disease. We found that chronic ethanol feeding induces expression of CD1d by enterocytes, which activate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in mesenteric lymph nodes; activation is further increased with loss of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene and altered lipid profiles. The activated iNKT cells migrate into the liver, where they promote hepatocyte apoptosis. Patients with alcohol use disorder have increased expression of CD1d in the small intestine. Strategies to block these processes might be developed to treat alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Igor Maricic
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Tatsuo Inamine
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Jingjuan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shenhai Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Julia C Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | | | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Peter Stärkel
- St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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Haeryfar SMM, Mallevaey T. Editorial: CD1- and MR1-Restricted T Cells in Antimicrobial Immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:611. [PMID: 26697007 PMCID: PMC4666986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Centre for Human Immunology, Western University , London, ON , Canada ; Lawson Health Research Institute , London, ON , Canada
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
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