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Florencio M, Oilveira Magalhães FR, Araujo Zuma A, Lima Oliveira Lugathe C, Rosa D, Riguete K, Machado Motta MC, Alves do Nascimento A, Reis Dos Santos Mallet J, Correa Atella G, Fampa P. Morphological analysis and lipid composition of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans salivary glands reinforce important features of feeding behaviour. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39138767 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), the stable fly, is a hematophagous insect of great veterinary importance, because it is a mechanical vector of diverse pathogens in livestock. The saliva of blood-feeding insects presents important pharmacologically active molecules that impair blood clotting, promote vasodilation and modulate the host immune system response, crucial processes for successful feeding. These properties also enable pathogens' transmission. In the present work, we describe an efficient protocol to dissect S. calcitrans salivary glands, their morphological characteristics and lipid profile. The mean length of the tubular gland is 3.23 mm with a bulbous posterior end and a narrow anterior end. Histological analysis revealed a monolayer of large polygonal epithelial cells with voluminous nuclei and high lipid content in their cytoplasm. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the epithelium is rich in mitochondria, free ribosomes, Golgi complex cisternae, presenting a great extension of rough endoplasmic reticulum that contains an electron-dense material. Lipid analysis by thin-layer chromatography showed that neutral fatty acids and phosphatidylcholine are predominant in the fly salivary glands. Lysophosphatidylcholine, an important signalling biomolecule involved in different metabolic processes, including host's immunomodulation and pathogens proliferation and differentiation, is also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Florencio
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Francisco Romulo Oilveira Magalhães
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Zuma
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Dayana Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Karina Riguete
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
- Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Machado Motta
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão (CPMP), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem - CENABIO - RJ, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Alves do Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Jacenir Reis Dos Santos Mallet
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Fiocruz-Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Universidade Iguaçu-UNIG, Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Fampa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
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2
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Martins LS, Duarte EL, Lamy MT, Rozenfeld JHK. DODAB vesicles containing lysophosphatidylcholines: The relevance of acyl chain saturation on the membrane structure and thermal properties. Biophys Chem 2023; 300:107075. [PMID: 37451052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The saturated LPC18:0 and unsaturated LPC18:1 lysophosphatidylcholines have important roles in inflammation and immunity and are interesting targets for immunotherapy. The synthetic cationic lipid DODAB has been successfully employed in delivery systems, and would be a suitable carrier for those lysophosphatidylcholines. Here, assemblies of DODAB and LPC18:0 or LPC18:1 were characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. LPC18:0 increased the DODAB gel-fluid transition enthalpy and rigidified both phases. In contrast, LPC18:1 caused a decrease in the DODAB gel-fluid transition temperature and cooperativity, associated with two populations with distinct rigidities in the gel phase. In the fluid phase, LPC18:1 increased the surface order but, differently from LPC18:0, did not affect viscosity at the membrane core. The impact of the different acyl chains of LPC18:0 and 18:1 on structure and thermotropic behavior should be considered when developing applications using mixed DODAB membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia S Martins
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Evandro L Duarte
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - M Teresa Lamy
- Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Julio H K Rozenfeld
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Botucatu 862, São Paulo, SP 04023-062, Brazil.
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Gabaldón-Figueira JC, Martinez-Peinado N, Escabia E, Ros-Lucas A, Chatelain E, Scandale I, Gascon J, Pinazo MJ, Alonso-Padilla J. State-of-the-Art in the Drug Discovery Pathway for Chagas Disease: A Framework for Drug Development and Target Validation. Res Rep Trop Med 2023; 14:1-19. [PMID: 37337597 PMCID: PMC10277022 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s415273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is the most important protozoan infection in the Americas, and constitutes a significant public health concern throughout the world. Development of new medications against its etiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, has been traditionally slow and difficult, lagging in comparison with diseases caused by other kinetoplastid parasites. Among the factors that explain this are the incompletely understood mechanisms of pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection and its complex set of interactions with the host in the chronic stage of the disease. These demand the performance of a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays as part of any drug development effort. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the parasite's life cycle and their implications in the search for new chemotherapeutics. For this, we present a framework to guide drug discovery efforts against Chagas disease, considering state-of-the-art preclinical models and recently developed tools for the identification and validation of molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nieves Martinez-Peinado
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Escabia
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ros-Lucas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Pinazo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Yang S, Chen J, Ma B, Wang J, Chen J. Role of Autophagy in Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Apoptosis of Mouse Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031479. [PMID: 35163399 PMCID: PMC8835979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), also known as lysolecithin, is one of the major components of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL). In the pathogenetic process of diverse diseases, LPC acts as a significant lipid mediator. However, no evidence shows that LPC can affect the female reproductive system. In our study, we found that LPC inhibited the cell viability of primary mouse ovarian granulosa cells. Meanwhile, LPC was shown to induce apoptosis, which is accompanied by an increase in apoptosis-related protein levels, such as cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8 and Bax, as well as a decrease in Bcl-2. The total numbers of early and late apoptotic cells also increased in the LPC-treated cells. These results indicated that LPC could induce apoptosis of mouse ovarian granulosa cells. Furthermore, the increase in autophagy-related protein levels and the number of autophagic vesicles suggested that LPC could induce autophagy. The inhibition of oxidative stress by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could rescue the induction of apoptosis and autophagy by LPC, which indicated that oxidative stress was involved in LPC-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Interestingly, the inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA could reserve the inhibition of cell viability and the induction of apoptosis by LPC. In conclusion, oxidative stress was involved in LPC-induced apoptosis, whileautophagy of mouse ovarian granulosa cells and the inhibition of autophagy could alleviate LPC-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (B.M.)
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (B.M.)
| | - Bingchun Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (B.M.)
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (B.M.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Y.); (J.C.); (B.M.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.C.)
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Hu C, Li HW, Ke JQ, Yu XC, Zhao MY, Shi XY, Wu LJ, Tang XL, Xiong YH. Metabolic profiling of lysophosphatidylcholines in chlorpromazine hydrochloride- and N-acetyl- p-amino-phenoltriptolide-induced liver injured rats based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221108320. [PMID: 35722787 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CH) and N-acetyl-p-amino-phenoltriptolide (APAP) are typical acentral dopamine receptor antagonists and antipyretic analgesics in clinical applications, respectively. However, it has been reported that these 2 drugs could cause liver damage. Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) have multiple physiological functions and are metabolized primarily in the liver, where it undergoes significant changes when the liver is damaged. In the study, 15 LPCs in the rat serum with CH- and APAP-induced liver injury were quantified based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and multivariate statistical analyses including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) were combined to understand CH- and APAP-induced liver injury from the perspective of LPC metabolic profiling. The quantitative results showed that there were significant changes in 10 LPCs and 5 LPCs after CH- and APAP-administration, separately. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA indicated that CH- and APAP-induced liver injury could be well distinguished by the LPC metabolic profiling, and 7 LPCs and 1 LPC biomarkers that could characterize CH- and APAP-induced liver damage in turn had been screened. This study will not only provide a new perspective for the clinical diagnosis of CH- and APAP-induced liver injury, but also offer a reference for further study of their hepatotoxicity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qun Ke
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Chun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Shi
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Jing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Lan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Hua Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, 177505Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, P.R. China
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6
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Comparative Molecular and Immunoregulatory Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Candida albicans and Candida auris. mSystems 2021; 6:e0082221. [PMID: 34427507 PMCID: PMC8407381 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00822-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is a recently described multidrug-resistant pathogenic fungus that is increasingly responsible for health care-associated outbreaks across the world. Bloodstream infections of this fungus cause death in up to 70% of cases. Aggravating this scenario, the disease-promoting mechanisms of C. auris are poorly understood. Fungi release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry a broad range of molecules, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, pigments, and RNA, many of which are virulence factors. Here, we carried out a comparative molecular characterization of C. auris and Candida albicans EVs and evaluated their capacity to modulate effector mechanisms of host immune defense. Using proteomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics, we found that C. auris released EVs with payloads that were significantly different from those of EVs released by C. albicans. EVs released by C. auris potentiated the adhesion of this yeast to an epithelial cell monolayer, while EVs from C. albicans had no effect. C. albicans EVs primed macrophages for enhanced intracellular yeast killing, whereas C. auris EVs promoted survival of the fungal cells. Moreover, EVs from both C. auris and C. albicans induced the activation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Together, our findings show distinct profiles and properties of EVs released by C. auris and by C. albicans and highlight the potential contribution of C. auris EVs to the pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen. IMPORTANCECandida auris is a recently described multidrug-resistant pathogenic fungus that is responsible for outbreaks across the globe, particularly in the context of nosocomial infections. Its virulence factors and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by C. auris are a disease-promoting factor. We describe the production of EVs by C. auris and compare their biological activities against those of the better-characterized EVs from C. albicans. C. auris EVs have immunoregulatory properties, of which some are opposite those of C. albicans EVs. We also explored the cargo and structural components of those vesicles and found that they are remarkably distinct compared to EVs from C. auris’s phylogenetic relative Candida albicans.
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Coelho FS, Oliveira MM, Vieira DP, Torres PHM, Moreira ICF, Martins-Duarte ES, Gonçalves IC, Cabanelas A, Pascutti PG, Fragoso SP, Lopes AH. A novel receptor for platelet-activating factor and lysophosphatidylcholine in Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:890-908. [PMID: 34184334 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The lipid mediators, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), play relevant pathophysiological roles in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Several species of LPC, including C18:1 LPC, which mimics the effects of PAF, are synthesized by T. cruzi. The present study identified a receptor in T. cruzi, which was predicted to bind to PAF, and found it to be homologous to members of the progestin and adiponectin family of receptors (PAQRs). We constructed a three-dimensional model of the T. cruzi PAQR (TcPAQR) and performed molecular docking to predict the interactions of the TcPAQR model with C16:0 PAF and C18:1 LPC. We knocked out T. cruzi PAQR (TcPAQR) gene and confirmed the identity of the expressed protein through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays using an anti-human PAQR antibody. Wild-type and knockout (KO) parasites were also used to investigate the in vitro cell differentiation and interactions with peritoneal mouse macrophages; TcPAQR KO parasites were unable to react to C16:0 PAF or C18:1 LPC. Our data are highly suggestive that PAF and LPC act through TcPAQR in T. cruzi, triggering its cellular differentiation and ability to infect macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S Coelho
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio M Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro H M Torres
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabel C F Moreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erica S Martins-Duarte
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Inês C Gonçalves
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cabanelas
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro G Pascutti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stenio P Fragoso
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistêmica de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Angela H Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lee HJ, Kim BM, Lee SH, Sohn JT, Choi JW, Cho CW, Hong HD, Rhee YK, Kim HJ. Ginseng-Induced Changes to Blood Vessel Dilation and the Metabolome of Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082238. [PMID: 32727012 PMCID: PMC7468881 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng consumption has been shown to prevent and reduce many health risks, including cardiovascular disease. However, the ginseng-induced changes in biofluids and tissue metabolomes associated with blood health remain poorly understood. In this study, healthy rats were orally administered ginseng extracts or water for one month. Biofluid and tissue metabolites along with steroid hormones, plasma cytokines, and blood pressure factors were determined to elucidate the relationship between ginseng intake and blood vessel health. Moreover, the effect of ginseng extract on blood vessel tension was measured from the thoracic aorta. Ginseng intake decreased the levels of blood phospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholines and related enzymes, high blood pressure factors, and cytokines, and induced vasodilation. Moreover, ginseng intake decreased the level of renal oxidized glutathione. Overall, our findings suggest that ginseng intake can improve blood vessel health via modulation of vasodilation, oxidation stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the decrease in renal oxidized glutathione indicated that ginseng intake is positively related with the reduction in oxidative stress-induced renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-M.K.)
| | - Bo-Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-M.K.)
| | - Soo Hee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52727, Korea; (S.H.L.); (J.-T.S.)
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52727, Korea; (S.H.L.); (J.-T.S.)
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea
| | - Jae Woong Choi
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Young Kyoung Rhee
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.K.R.); (H.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9319 (Y.K.R.); +82-55-772-1908 (H.-J.K.); Fax: +82-63-219-9876 (Y.K.R.); +82-55-772-1909 (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-M.K.)
- Department of Food Science & Technology, and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.R.); (H.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9319 (Y.K.R.); +82-55-772-1908 (H.-J.K.); Fax: +82-63-219-9876 (Y.K.R.); +82-55-772-1909 (H.-J.K.)
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9
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Hossain E, Khanam S, Dean DA, Wu C, Lostracco-Johnson S, Thomas D, Kane SS, Parab AR, Flores K, Katemauswa M, Gosmanov C, Hayes SE, Zhang Y, Li D, Woelfel-Monsivais C, Sankaranarayanan K, McCall LI. Mapping of host-parasite-microbiome interactions reveals metabolic determinants of tropism and tolerance in Chagas disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz2015. [PMID: 32766448 PMCID: PMC7385396 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi protozoa, presenting with cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus, and/or megacolon. To determine the mechanisms of gastrointestinal (GI) CD tissue tropism, we systematically characterized the spatial localization of infection-induced metabolic and microbiome alterations, in a mouse model of CD. Notably, the impact of the transition between acute and persistent infection differed between tissue sites, with sustained large-scale effects of infection in the esophagus and large intestine, providing a potential mechanism for the tropism of CD within the GI tract. Infection affected acylcarnitine metabolism; carnitine supplementation prevented acute-stage CD mortality without affecting parasite burden by mitigating infection-induced metabolic disturbances and reducing cardiac strain. Overall, results identified a previously-unknown mechanism of disease tolerance in CD, with potential for new therapeutic regimen development. More broadly, results highlight the potential of spatially resolved metabolomics to provide insight into disease pathogenesis and infectious disease drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - S. Khanam
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - D. A. Dean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - C. Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - S. Lostracco-Johnson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - D. Thomas
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - S. S. Kane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - A. R. Parab
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - K. Flores
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - M. Katemauswa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - C. Gosmanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - S. E. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - D. Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - C. Woelfel-Monsivais
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - K. Sankaranarayanan
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - L.-I. McCall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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10
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Chagas-Lima AC, Pereira MG, Fampa P, Lima MS, Kluck GEG, Atella GC. Bioactive lipids regulate Trypanosoma cruzi development. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2609-2619. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Bott E, Carneiro AB, Gimenez G, López MG, Lammel EM, Atella GC, Bozza PT, Belaunzarán ML. Lipids From Trypanosoma cruzi Amastigotes of RA and K98 Strains Generate a Pro-inflammatory Response via TLR2/6. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:151. [PMID: 29868507 PMCID: PMC5952039 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids from microorganisms are ligands of Toll like receptors (TLRs) and modulate the innate immune response. Herein, we analyze in vitro the effect of total lipid extracts from Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes of RA and K98 strains (with polar biological behavior) on the induction of the inflammatory response and the involvement of TLRs in this process. We demonstrated that total lipid extracts from both strains induced lipid body formation, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and TNF-α and nitric oxide release in macrophages, as well as NF-κB activation and IL-8 release in HEK cells specifically through a TLR2/6 dependent pathway. We also evaluated the inflammatory response induced by total lipid extracts obtained from lysed parasites that were overnight incubated to allow the action of parasite hydrolytic enzymes, such as Phospholipase A1, over endogenous phospholipids. After incubation, these total lipid extracts showed a significantly reduced pro-inflammatory response, which could be attributed to the changes in the content of known bioactive lipid molecules like lysophospholipids and fatty acids, here reported. Moreover, analyses of total fatty acids in each lipid extract were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results indicate a relevant role of T. cruzi lipids in the induction of a pro-inflammatory response through the TLR2/6 pathway that could contribute to the modulation of the immune response and host survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bott
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alan B Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guadalupe Gimenez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G López
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Instituto de Biotecnología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela M Lammel
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Georgia C Atella
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - María L Belaunzarán
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Kluck GE, Silva Cardoso L, De Cicco NN, Lima MS, Folly E, Atella GC. A new lipid carrier protein in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:850-859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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13
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Lima MS, Carneiro AB, Souto-Padron T, Jurberg J, Silva-Neto MAC, Atella GC. Triatoma infestans relies on salivary lysophosphatidylcholine to enhance Trypanosoma cruzi transmission. Acta Trop 2018; 178:68-72. [PMID: 29107570 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Triatoma infestans is a mandatory haematophagous vector of Chagas disease in Brazil. Despite a large number of studies on the anti-haemostatic molecules present in its saliva, the role of its salivary components on parasite transmission is poorly understood. Here, we show that the bioactive lipid molecule, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), is present in the salivary gland of T. infestans. We characterized the lipid profiles of each unit of the T. infestans salivary gland. We noticed that LPC is present in the three units of the salivary gland and that the insect feeding state does not influence its proportion. T. infestans saliva and LPC can enhance T. cruzi transmission to mice by dramatically altering the profile of inflammatory cells at the site of inoculation on mouse skin, facilitating the transmission of T. cruzi to the vertebrate host. Consequently, the mortality curves of either saliva- or LPC-injected mice display significant higher mortality rates than the control. Altogether, these results implicate LPC as one of key salivary molecule involved in Chagas disease transmission.
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14
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Bomfim L, Vieira P, Fonseca A, Ramos I. Eggshell ultrastructure and delivery of pharmacological inhibitors to the early embryo of R. prolixus by ethanol permeabilization of the extraembryonic layers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185770. [PMID: 28961275 PMCID: PMC5621698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most vectors of arthropod-borne diseases produce large eggs with hard and opaque eggshells. In several species, it is still not possible to induce molecular perturbations to the embryo by delivery of molecules using microinjections or eggshell permeabilization without losing embryo viability, which impairs basic studies regarding development and population control. Here we tested the properties and permeability of the eggshell of R. prolixus, a Chagas disease vector, with the aim to deliver pharmacological inhibitors to the egg cytoplasm and allow controlled molecular changes to the embryo. Using field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy we found that R. prolixus egg is coated by three main layers: exochorion, vitelline layer and the plasma membrane, and that the pores that allow gas exchange (aeropiles) have an average diameter of 10 μm and are found in the rim of the operculum at the anterior pole of the egg. We tested if different solvents could permeate through the aeropiles and reach the egg cytoplasm/embryo and found that immersions of the eggs in ethanol lead to its prompt penetration through the aeropiles. A single five minute-immersion of the eggs/embryos in pharmacological inhibitors, such as azide, cyanide and cycloheximide, solubilized in ethanol resulted in impairment of embryogenesis in a dose dependent manner and DAPI-ethanol solutions were also able to label the embryo cells, showing that ethanol penetration was able to deliver those molecules to the embryo cells. Multiple immersions of the embryo in the same solutions increased the effect and tests using bafilomycin A1 and Pepstatin A, known inhibitors of the yolk proteolysis, were also able to impair embryogenesis and the yolk protein degradation. Additionally, we found that ethanol pre-treatments of the egg make the aeropiles more permeable to aqueous solutions, so drugs diluted in water can be carried after the eggs are pre-treated with ethanol. Thus, we found that delivery of pharmacological inhibitors to the embryo of R. prolixus can be performed simply by submersing the fertilized eggs in ethanol with no need for additional methods such as microinjections or electroporation. We discuss the potential importance of this methodology to the study of this vector developmental biology and population control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Bomfim
- Laboratório de bioquímica de insetos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Vieira
- Laboratório de bioquímica de insetos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariene Fonseca
- Laboratório de bioquímica de insetos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ramos
- Laboratório de bioquímica de insetos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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