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Holm SR, Jenkins BJ, Cronin JG, Jones N, Thornton CA. A role for metabolism in determining neonatal immune function. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1616-1628. [PMID: 34170575 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses of neonates differ markedly to those of adults, with skewed cytokine phenotypes, reduced inflammatory properties and drastically diminished memory function. Recent research efforts have started to unravel the role of cellular metabolism in determining immune cell fate and function. For studies in humans, much of the work on metabolic mechanisms underpinning innate and adaptive immune responses by different haematopoietic cell types is in adults. Studies investigating the contribution of metabolic adaptation in the unique setting of early life are just emerging, and much more work is needed to elucidate the contribution of metabolism to neonatal immune responses. Here, we discuss our current understanding of neonatal immune responses, examine some of the latest developments in neonatal immunometabolism and consider the possible role of altered metabolism to the distinctive immune phenotype of the neonate. Understanding the role of metabolism in regulating immune function at this critical stage in life has direct benefit for the child by affording opportunities to maximize immediate and long-term health. Additionally, gaining insight into the diversity of human immune function and naturally evolved immunometabolic strategies that modulate immune function could be harnessed for a wide range of opportunities including new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Holm
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ben J Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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2
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Clemens EA, Alexander-Miller MA. Understanding Antibody Responses in Early Life: Baby Steps towards Developing an Effective Influenza Vaccine. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071392. [PMID: 34372597 PMCID: PMC8310046 DOI: 10.3390/v13071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of young infants is both quantitatively and qualitatively distinct from that of adults, with diminished responsiveness leaving these individuals vulnerable to infection. Because of this, young infants suffer increased morbidity and mortality from respiratory pathogens such as influenza viruses. The impaired generation of robust and persistent antibody responses in these individuals makes overcoming this increased vulnerability through vaccination challenging. Because of this, an effective vaccine against influenza viruses in infants under 6 months is not available. Furthermore, vaccination against influenza viruses is challenging even in adults due to the high antigenic variability across viral strains, allowing immune evasion even after induction of robust immune responses. This has led to substantial interest in understanding how specific antibody responses are formed to variable and conserved components of influenza viruses, as immune responses tend to strongly favor recognition of variable epitopes. Elicitation of broadly protective antibody in young infants, therefore, requires that both the unique characteristics of young infant immunity as well as the antibody immunodominance present among epitopes be effectively addressed. Here, we review our current understanding of the antibody response in newborns and young infants and discuss recent developments in vaccination strategies that can modulate both magnitude and epitope specificity of IAV-specific antibody.
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3
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Abukhadra MR, Eid MH, El-Meligy MA, Sharaf M, Soliman AT. Insight into chitosan/mesoporous silica nanocomposites as eco-friendly adsorbent for enhanced retention of U (VI) and Sr (II) from aqueous solutions and real water. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:435-444. [PMID: 33493560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The chitosan chains were integrated with MCM-48 mesoporous silica in an eco-friendly composite (CH/MCM-48) of enhanced adsorption capacity. The prepared CH/MCM-48 composite was applied in systematic retention of U (VI) as well as Sr (II) ions from water as the commonly detected radioactive pollutants. It displayed promising retention capacities of 261.3 mg/g and 328.6 mg/g for U (VI) and Sr (II) considering the equilibrium time interval that was identified after 420 min. The composite showed the kinetic behavior of the Pseudo-First order model and the isotherm properties of the Langmuir assumption. The thermodynamic assessment of the reactions validated the retention of both U (VI) and Sr (II) ions by spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic reactions. Based on the theoretical values of entropy (-5.94 kJ mol-1 (U (VI)) and -2.93 kJ mol-1 (Sr (II))), Gibbs free energy (less than 20 kJ mol-1), and Gaussian energy (5.77 kJ mol-1 (U (VI)) and 4.56 kJ mol-1 (Sr (II))) the uptake processes are related to physical adsorption reactions. The CH/MCM-48 composite is of significant recyclability and showed considerable affinities for the studied radioactive ions even in the presence of other metal ions (Cd (II), Pb (II), Zn (II), and Co (II)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa R Abukhadra
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt; Materials Technologies and their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Hamdey Eid
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt; Materials Technologies and their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Meligy
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed T Soliman
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Semmes EC, Chen JL, Goswami R, Burt TD, Permar SR, Fouda GG. Understanding Early-Life Adaptive Immunity to Guide Interventions for Pediatric Health. Front Immunol 2021; 11:595297. [PMID: 33552052 PMCID: PMC7858666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants are capable of mounting adaptive immune responses, but their ability to develop long-lasting immunity is limited. Understanding the particularities of the neonatal adaptive immune system is therefore critical to guide the design of immune-based interventions, including vaccines, in early life. In this review, we present a thorough summary of T cell, B cell, and humoral immunity in early life and discuss infant adaptive immune responses to pathogens and vaccines. We focus on the differences between T and B cell responses in early life and adulthood, which hinder the generation of long-lasting adaptive immune responses in infancy. We discuss how knowledge of early life adaptive immunity can be applied when developing vaccine strategies for this unique period of immune development. In particular, we emphasize the use of novel vaccine adjuvants and optimization of infant vaccine schedules. We also propose integrating maternal and infant immunization strategies to ensure optimal neonatal protection through passive maternal antibody transfer while avoiding hindering infant vaccine responses. Our review highlights that the infant adaptive immune system is functionally distinct and uniquely regulated compared to later life and that these particularities should be considered when designing interventions to promote pediatric health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C. Semmes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jui-Lin Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ria Goswami
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Trevor D. Burt
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Genevieve G. Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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5
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Abukhadra MR, Ali SM, El-Sherbeeny AM, Soliman ATA, Abd Elgawad AEE. Effective and environmental retention of some radioactive elements (U (VI), Sr (II), and Ba (II)) within bentonite/zeolite hybrid structure; equilibrium and realistic study. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Roh M, Wainwright DA, Wu JD, Wan Y, Zhang B. Targeting CD73 to augment cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 53:66-76. [PMID: 32777746 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) is a novel immunoinhibitory protein that plays a key role for tumor growth and metastasis. Its main function is to convert extracellular ATP to immunosuppressive adenosine in concert with CD39 in normal tissues to limit excessive immune response. However, tumors take advantage of the CD73-mediated adenosinergic mechanism to protect them from immune attack. In particular, inducible expression of CD73 along with other adenosinergic molecules on both cancer cells and host cells sustains immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by affecting multiple aspects of the immune response. Owing to its multifaceted capacity to tumor promotion as an emerging immune checkpoint, CD73 is an ideal therapeutic target for cancer treatment especially in combination with conventional therapy and/or other immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss the roles of CD73 on tumor and immune cells and will highlight the therapeutic value of CD73 for combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meejeon Roh
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Younis SA, Ghobashy MM, Bassioni G, Gupta AK. Tailored functionalized polymer nanoparticles using gamma radiation for selected adsorption of barium and strontium in oilfield wastewater. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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8
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Permar S, Levy O, Kollman TR, Singh A, De Paris K. Early Life HIV-1 Immunization: Providing a Window for Protection Before Sexual Debut. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2018; 34:823-827. [PMID: 29860868 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2018.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited success of current HIV-1 vaccines warrants new approaches. We discuss feasibility and potential benefits of early life HIV-1 immunization followed by vaccine boosts during childhood that may enable maturation of vaccine-induced broad anti-HIV-1 immunity over several years. By initiating this immunization approach in the very young, well before sexual debut, such a strategy may dramatically reduce the risk of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallie Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tobias R. Kollman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anjali Singh
- Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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9
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CD73-A2a adenosine receptor axis promotes innate B cell antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191973. [PMID: 29377929 PMCID: PMC5788373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many individuals at risk of streptococcal infection respond poorly to the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pneumovax 23. Identification of actionable pathways able to enhance Pneumovax responsiveness is highly relevant. We investigated the contribution of the extracellular adenosine pathway regulated by the ecto-nucleotidase CD73 in Pneumovax-induced antibody responses. Using gene-targeted mice, we demonstrated that CD73-or A2a adenosine receptor deficiency significantly delayed isotype switching. Nevertheless, CD73- or A2aR- deficient adult mice ultimately produced antigen-specific IgG3 and controlled Streptococcus pneumoniae infection as efficiently as wild type (WT) mice. Compared to adults, young WT mice failed to control S. pneumoniae infection after vaccination and this was associated with lower levels of CD73 on innate B cells. We hypothesized that pharmacological activation of A2a receptor may improve Pneumovax 23 immunization in young WT mice. Remarkably, administration of the A2a adenosine receptor agonist CGS 21680 significantly increased IgG3 responses and significantly enhanced survival after S. pneumoniae challenge. Our study thus suggests that pharmacological activation of the A2a adenosine receptor could improve the efficacy of Pneumovax 23 vaccination in individuals at risk of streptococcal infection.
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Borriello F, Pietrasanta C, Lai JCY, Walsh LM, Sharma P, O'Driscoll DN, Ramirez J, Brightman S, Pugni L, Mosca F, Burkhart DJ, Dowling DJ, Levy O. Identification and Characterization of Stimulator of Interferon Genes As a Robust Adjuvant Target for Early Life Immunization. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1772. [PMID: 29312305 PMCID: PMC5732947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunization is key to preventing infectious diseases, a leading cause of death early in life. However, due to age-specific immunity, vaccines often demonstrate reduced efficacy in newborns and young infants as compared to adults. Here, we combined in vitro and in vivo approaches to identify adjuvant candidates for early life immunization. We employed newborn and adult bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to perform a screening of pattern recognition receptor agonists and found that the stimulator of interferon genes ligand 2′3′-cGAMP (hereafter cGAMP) induces a comparable expression of surface maturation markers in newborn and adult BMDCs. Then, we utilized the trivalent recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) influenza vaccine, Flublok, as a model antigen to investigate the role of cGAMP in adult and early life immunization. cGAMP adjuvantation alone could increase rHA-specific antibody titers in adult but not newborn mice. Remarkably, as compared to alum or cGAMP alone, immunization with cGAMP formulated with alum (Alhydrogel) enhanced newborn rHA-specific IgG2a/c titers ~400-fold, an antibody subclass associated with the development of IFNγ-driven type 1 immunity in vivo and endowed with higher effector functions, by 42 days of life. Highlighting the amenability for successful vaccine formulation and delivery, we next confirmed that cGAMP adsorbs onto alum in vitro. Accordingly, immunization early in life with (cGAMP+alum) promoted IFNγ production by CD4+ T cells and increased the proportions and absolute numbers of CD4+ CXCR5+ PD-1+ T follicular helper and germinal center (GC) GL-7+ CD138+ B cells, suggesting an enhancement of the GC reaction. Adjuvantation effects were apparently specific for IgG2a/c isotype switching without effect on antibody affinity maturation, as there was no effect on rHA-specific IgG avidity. Overall, our studies suggest that cGAMP when formulated with alum may represent an effective adjuvantation system to foster humoral and cellular aspects of type 1 immunity for early life immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Borriello
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Pietrasanta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacqueline C Y Lai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lois M Walsh
- Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Science Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David N O'Driscoll
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Juan Ramirez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Spencer Brightman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lorenza Pugni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - David J Burkhart
- Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Science Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - David J Dowling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ofer Levy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Precision Vaccines Program, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Barlow-Anacker A, Bochkov Y, Gern J, Seroogy CM. Neonatal immune response to rhinovirus A16 has diminished dendritic cell function and increased B cell activation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180664. [PMID: 29045416 PMCID: PMC5646756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rhinovirus infections during infancy account for the majority of respiratory illness health care utilization and are an associated risk factor for subsequent development of allergic asthma. Neonatal type I interferon production is diminished compared to adults after stimulation with TLR agonists. However, broad profiling of immune cell responses to infectious rhinovirus has not been undertaken and we hypothesized that additional immune differences can be identified in neonates. In this study, we undertook a comparative analysis of neonatal and adult blood immune cell responses after in vitro incubation with infectious RV-A16 for 6 and 24 hours. Methods Intracellular proinflammatory and type I interferon cytokines along with expression of surface co-stimulatory and maturation markers were measured using multi-parameter flow cytometry. Results Both circulating myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) frequency were lower in cord blood. Qualitative and quantitative plasmacytoid dendritic cell IFN-alpha + TNF- alpha responses to rhinovirus were significantly lower in cord pDCs. In cord blood samples, the majority of responsive pDCs were single-positive TNF-alpha producing cells, whereas in adult samples rhinovirus increased double-positive TNF-alpha+IFN-alpha+ pDCs. Rhinovirus upregulated activation and maturation markers on monocytes, mDCs, pDCs, and B cells, but CD40+CD86+ monocytes, mDCs, and pDCs cells were significantly higher in adult samples compared to cord samples. Surprisingly, rhinovirus increased CD40+CD86+ B cells to a significantly greater extent in cord samples compared to adults. Conclusions These findings define a number of cell-specific differences in neonatal responses to rhinovirus. This differential age-related immune response to RV may have implications for the immune correlates of protection to viral respiratory illness burden and determination of potential biomarkers for asthma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Barlow-Anacker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Yury Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - James Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Seroogy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, & Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Protecting the Newborn and Young Infant from Infectious Diseases: Lessons from Immune Ontogeny. Immunity 2017; 46:350-363. [PMID: 28329702 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infections in the first year of life are common and often severe. The newborn host demonstrates both quantitative and qualitative differences to the adult in nearly all aspects of immunity, which at least partially explain the increased susceptibility to infection. Here we discuss how differences in susceptibility to infection result not out of a state of immaturity, but rather reflect adaptation to the particular demands placed on the immune system in early life. We review the mechanisms underlying host defense in the very young, and discuss how specific developmental demands increase the risk of particular infectious diseases. In this context, we discuss how this plasticity, i.e. the capacity to adapt to demands encountered in early life, also provides the potential to leverage protection of the young against infection and disease through a number of interventions.
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13
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Pettengill MA, van Haren SD, Li N, Dowling DJ, Bergelson I, Jans J, Ferwerda G, Levy O. Distinct TLR-mediated cytokine production and immunoglobulin secretion in human newborn naïve B cells. Innate Immun 2016; 22:433-43. [PMID: 27252169 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916651985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal innate immunity is distinct from that of adults, which may contribute to increased susceptibility to infection and limit vaccine responses. B cells play critical roles in protection from infection and detect PAMPs via TLRs, that, when co-activated with CD40, can drive B-cell proliferation and Ab production. We characterized the expression of TLRs in circulating B cells from newborns and adults, and evaluated TLR- and CD40-mediated naïve B-cell class-switch recombination (CSR) and cytokine production. Gene expression levels of most TLRs was similar between newborn and adult B cells, except that newborn naïve B cells expressed more TLR9 than adult naïve B cells. Neonatal naïve B cells demonstrated impaired TLR2- and TLR7- but enhanced TLR9-mediated cytokine production. Significantly fewer newborn naïve B cells underwent CSR to produce IgG, an impairment also noted with IL-21 stimulation. Additionally, co-stimulation via CD40 and TLRs induced greater cytokine production in adult B cells. Thus, while newborn naïve B cells demonstrate adult-level expression of TLRs and CD40, the responses to stimulation of these receptors are distinct. Relatively high expression of TLR9 and impaired CD40-mediated Ig secretion contributes to distinct innate and adaptive immunity of human newborns and may inform novel approaches to early-life immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Pettengill
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David J Dowling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilana Bergelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jop Jans
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ferwerda
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ofer Levy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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