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Yuan J, Zhao Q, Li J, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao S, Lang YF, Yan QG, Huang X, Du S, Cao SJ. CXCL8 Knockout: A Key to Resisting Pasteurella multocida Toxin-Induced Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5330. [PMID: 38791369 PMCID: PMC11121343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida, a zoonotic pathogen that produces a 146-kDa modular toxin (PMT), causes progressive atrophic rhinitis with severe turbinate bone degradation in pigs. However, its mechanism of cytotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we expressed PMT, purified it in a prokaryotic expression system, and found that it killed PK15 cells. The host factor CXCL8 was significantly upregulated among the differentially expressed genes in a transcriptome sequencing analysis and qPCR verification. We constructed a CXCL8-knockout cell line with a CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that CXCL8 knockout significantly increased resistance to PMT-induced cell apoptosis. CXCL8 knockout impaired the cleavage efficiency of apoptosis-related proteins, including Caspase3, Caspase8, and PARP1, as demonstrated with Western blot. In conclusion, these findings establish that CXCL8 facilitates PMT-induced PK15 cell death, which involves apoptotic pathways; this observation documents that CXCL8 plays a key role in PMT-induced PK15 cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Yuan
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Fei Lang
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- Research Center for Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.W.); (R.W.); (S.Z.); (Y.-F.L.); (Q.-G.Y.); (X.H.)
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Chakraborty S, Schneider J, Mitra DK, Kubatzky KF. Mechanistic insight of interleukin-9 induced osteoclastogenesis. Immunology 2023; 169:309-322. [PMID: 36732282 PMCID: PMC7615986 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-9 is an emerging player in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases including bone disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis. Recently, IL-9 was shown to enhance the osteoclast formation and their function in RA. However, the mechanisms by which IL-9 influences osteoclastogenesis are not known. Therefore, in this study we aimed to unravel the direct and indirect ways by which IL-9 can influence osteoclast formation. We used mouse bone marrow precursor cells for checking the effect of IL-9 on osteoclast differentiation and its function. Next, IL-9 induced signalling pathway were checked in the process of osteoclastogenesis. T cells play an important role in enhancing osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory conditions. We used splenic T cells to understand the impact of IL-9 on the functions of T effector (Teff) and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, the effect of IL-9 mediated modulation of the T cell response on osteoclasts was checked using a coculture model of T cells with osteoclast precursors. We showed that IL-9 enhanced osteoclast formation and its function. We found that IL-9 activates STAT3, P38 MAPK, ERK1/2, NFκB and we hypothesize that it mediates the effect on osteoclastogenesis by accelerating mitochondrial biogenesis. Additionally, IL-9 was observed to facilitate the functions of pro-osteoclastogenic IL-17 producing T cells, but inhibits the function of anti-osteoclastogenic Treg cells. Our observations suggest that IL-9 can influence osteoclastogenesis directly by modulating the signalling cascade in the precursor cells; indirectly by enhancing IL-17 producing T cells and by reducing the functions of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Chakraborty
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jakob Schneider
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mitra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Katharina F. Kubatzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Chakraborty S, Handrick B, Yu D, Bode KA, Hafner A, Schenz J, Schaack D, Uhle F, Tachibana T, Kamitani S, Vogl T, Kubatzky KF. Gα q modulates the energy metabolism of osteoclasts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1016299. [PMID: 36699722 PMCID: PMC9869164 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1016299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bacterial protein toxin Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) mediates RANKL-independent osteoclast differentiation. Although these osteoclasts are smaller, their resorptive activity is high which helps in efficient destruction of nasal turbinate bones of pigs. Methods The proteome of bone marrow-derived macrophages differentiated into osteoclasts with either RANKL or PMT was analysed. The results were verified by characterizing the metabolic activity using Seahorse analysis, a protein translation assay, immunoblots, real-time PCR as well as flow cytometry-based monitoring of mitochondrial activity and ROS production. A Gαq overexpression system using ER-Hoxb8 cells was used to identify Gαq-mediated metabolic effects on osteoclast differentiation and function. Results PMT induces the upregulation of metabolic pathways, which included strong glycolytic activity, increased expression of GLUT1 and upregulation of the mTOR pathway. As OxPhos components were expressed more efficiently, cells also displayed increased mitochondrial respiration. The heterotrimeric G protein Gαq plays a central role in this hypermetabolic cell activation as it triggers mitochondrial relocalisation of pSerSTAT3 and an increase in OPA1 expression. This seems to be caused by a direct interaction between STAT3 and OPA1 resulting in enhanced mitochondrial respiration. Overexpression of Gαq mimicked the hypermetabolic phenotype observed for PMT-induced osteoclasts and resulted in higher glycolytic and mitochondrial activity as well as increased bone resorptive activity. In addition, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients showed an increase in GNAQ expression, especially in the synovial fluid. Discussion Our study suggests that Gαq plays a key role in PMT-induced osteoclastogenesis. Enhanced expression of GNAQ at the site of inflammation in RA patients indicates its pathophysiological relevance in the context of inflammatory bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Chakraborty
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bianca Handrick
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dayoung Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konrad A. Bode
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Hafner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith Schenz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Schaack
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Uhle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kamitani
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina F. Kubatzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yin Z, Gong G, Wang X, Liu W, Wang B, Yin J. The dual role of autophagy in periprosthetic osteolysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1123753. [PMID: 37035243 PMCID: PMC10080036 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1123753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) induced by wear particles is an important cause of aseptic loosening after artificial joint replacement, among which the imbalance of osteogenesis and osteoclastic processes occupies a central position. The cells involved in PPO mainly include osteoclasts (macrophages), osteoblasts, osteocytes, and fibroblasts. RANKL/RANK/OGP axis is a typical way for osteolysis. Autophagy, a mode of regulatory cell death and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, has a dual role in PPO. Although autophagy is activated in various periprosthetic cells and regulates the release of inflammatory cytokines, osteoclast activation, and osteoblast differentiation, its beneficial or detrimental role remains controversy. In particular, differences in the temporal control and intensity of autophagy may have different effects. This article focuses on the role of autophagy in PPO, and expects the regulation of autophagy to become a powerful target for clinical treatment of PPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ge Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Yin, ; Bin Wang,
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Yin, ; Bin Wang,
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Kubatzky KF. Pasteurella multocida toxin - lessons learned from a mitogenic toxin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058905. [PMID: 36591313 PMCID: PMC9800868 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative, zoonotic bacterium Pasteurella multocida was discovered in 1880 and found to be the causative pathogen of fowl cholera. Pasteurella-related diseases can be found in domestic and wild life animals such as buffalo, sheep, goat, deer and antelope, cats, dogs and tigers and cause hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle, rhinitis or pneumonia in rabbits or fowl cholera in poultry and birds. Pasteurella multocida does not play a major role in the immune-competent human host, but can be found after animal bites or in people with close contact to animals. Toxigenic strains are most commonly found in pigs and express a phage-encoded 146 kDa protein, the Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT). Toxin-expressing strains cause atrophic rhinitis where nasal turbinate bones are destroyed through the inhibition of bone building osteoblasts and the activation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. After its uptake through receptor-mediated endocytosis, PMT specifically targets the alpha subunit of several heterotrimeric G proteins and constitutively activates them through deamidation of a glutamine residue to glutamate in the alpha subunit. This results in cytoskeletal rearrangement, proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells. Because of the toxin's mitogenic effects, it was suggested that it might have carcinogenic properties, however, no link between Pasteurella infections and cell transformation could be established, neither in tissue culture models nor through epidemiological data. In the recent years it was shown that the toxin not only affects bone, but also the heart as well as basically all cells of innate and adaptive immunity. During the last decade the focus of research shifted from signal transduction processes to understanding how the bacteria might benefit from a bone-destroying toxin. The primary function of PMT seems to be the modulation of immune cell activation which at the same time creates an environment permissive for osteoclast formation. While the disease is restricted to pigs, the implications of the findings from PMT research can be used to explore human diseases and have a high translational potential. In this review our current knowledge will be summarized and it will be discussed what can be learned from using PMT as a tool to understand human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina F. Kubatzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Pasteurella multocida Toxin Aggravates Ligatured-Induced Periodontal Bone Loss and Inflammation via NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3305695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is reportedly involved in periodontal pathogenesis. Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is the major virulence factor of Pasteurella multocida strains, which belongs to the nonoral gram-negative facultative rods (GNFR). The existence of GNFR and their toxin may aggravate periodontitis. Therefore, it is important to unclose the regulatory mechanisms of PMT in periodontitis. However, the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and PMT in periodontitis remain unclear. The results showed that NLRP3 expression was increased in periodontitis mice by immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Nlrp3-/- mice showed less periodontal bone loss and lower abundances of Pasteurella multocida by 16S rRNA sequencing. PMT promoted NLRP3 expressions by activating nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) pathway and activated NLRP3 inflammasome. This effect was reversed by NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Furthermore, PMT aggravated periodontal bone loss and inflammation in WT mice, while MCC950 attenuated periodontal bone loss and inflammation. The Nlrp3-/- periodontitis models with PMT local injection showed less bone loss and inflammation compared with WT periodontitis mice after PMT treatment. Taken together, our results showed that PMT aggravates periodontal response to the ligature by promoting NLRP3 expression and activating NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that NLRP3 may be an effective target for the treatment of periodontitis caused by GNFR and MCC950 may be a potential drug against this disease.
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Plumbagin, a Biomolecule with (Anti)Osteoclastic Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052779. [PMID: 33803472 PMCID: PMC7967158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plumbagin is a plant-derived naphthoquinone that is widely used in traditional Asian medicine due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. Additionally, plumbagin is cytotoxic for cancer cells due to its ability to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and subsequent apoptosis. Since it was reported that plumbagin may inhibit the differentiation of bone resorbing osteoclasts in cancer-related models, we wanted to elucidate whether plumbagin interferes with cytokine-induced osteoclastogenesis. Using C57BL/6 mice, we unexpectedly found that plumbagin treatment enhanced osteoclast formation and that this effect was most pronounced when cells were pre-treated for 24 h with plumbagin before subsequent M-CSF/RANKL stimulation. Plumbagin caused a fast induction of NFATc1 signalling and mTOR-dependent activation of p70S6 kinase which resulted in the initiation of protein translation. In line with this finding, we observed an increase in RANK surface expression after Plumbagin stimulation that enhanced the responsiveness for subsequent RANKL treatment. However, in Balb/c mice and Balb/c-derived RAW264.7 macrophages, these findings could not be corroborated and osteoclastogenesis was inhibited. Our results suggest that the effects of plumbagin depend on the model system used and can therefore either trigger or inhibit osteoclast formation.
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Saeed K, Sendi P, Arnold WV, Bauer TW, Coraça-Huber DC, Chen AF, Choe H, Daiss JL, Ghert M, Hickok NJ, Nishitani K, Springer BD, Stoodley P, Sculco TP, Brause BD, Parvizi J, McLaren AC, Schwarz EM. Bacterial toxins in musculoskeletal infections. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:240-250. [PMID: 32255540 PMCID: PMC7541548 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal infections (MSKIs) remain a major health burden in orthopaedics. Bacterial toxins are foundational to pathogenesis in MSKI, but poorly understood by the community of providers that care for patients with MSKI, inducing an international group of microbiologists, infectious diseases specialists, orthopaedic surgeons and biofilm scientists to review the literature in this field to identify key topics and compile the current knowledge on the role of toxins in MSKI, with the goal of illuminating potential impact on biofilm formation and dispersal as well as therapeutic strategies. The group concluded that further research is needed to maximize our understanding of the effect of toxins on MSKIs, including: (i) further research to identify the roles of bacterial toxins in MSKIs, (ii) establish the understanding of the importance of environmental and host factors and in vivo expression of toxins throughout the course of an infection, (iii) establish the principles of drug-ability of antitoxins as antimicrobial agents in MSKIs, (iv) have well-defined metrics of success for antitoxins as antiinfective drugs, (v) design a cocktail of antitoxins against specific pathogens to (a) inhibit biofilm formation and (b) inhibit toxin release. The applicability of antitoxins as potential antimicrobials in the era of rising antibiotic resistance could meet the needs of day-to-day clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kordo Saeed
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Microbiology, Microbiology Innovation and Research Unit (MIRU), Southampton, UK; and University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton UK
| | - Parham Sendi
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology/ Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - William V. Arnold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas W. Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Débora C. Coraça-Huber
- Research Laboratory for Implant Associated Infections (Biofilm Lab), Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonia F. Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyonmin Choe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - John L. Daiss
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Ghert
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Noreen J. Hickok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kohei Nishitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bryan D. Springer
- OrthoCarolina Hip and Knee Center, Atrium Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Departments of Microbial Infection and Immunity and OrthopedicsInfectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, 716 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th Avenue, Columbus OH, Canada
- National Centre for Microbial Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC), Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Thomas P. Sculco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry D. Brause
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Javad Parvizi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex C. McLaren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona, College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Edward M. Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Salter SJ, Scott P, Page AJ, Tracey A, de Goffau MC, Cormie C, Ochoa-Montaño B, Ling CL, Tangmanakit J, Turner P, Parkhill J. 'Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis': insights gained from draft genomes obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 30720420 PMCID: PMC6421346 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
'Candidatus Ornithobacterium hominis' represents a new member of the Flavobacteriaceae detected in 16S rRNA gene surveys of people from South-East Asia, Africa and Australia. It frequently colonizes the infant nasopharynx at high proportional abundance, and we demonstrate its presence in 42 % of nasopharyngeal swabs from 12-month-old children in the Maela refugee camp in Thailand. The species, a Gram-negative bacillus, has not yet been cultured, but the cells can be identified in mixed samples by fluorescent hybridization. Here, we report seven genomes assembled from metagenomic data, two to improved draft standard. The genomes are approximately 1.9 Mb, sharing 62 % average amino acid identity with the only other member of the genus, the bird pathogen Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. The draft genomes encode multiple antibiotic-resistance genes, competition factors, Flavobacterium johnsoniae-like gliding motility genes and a homologue of the Pasteurella multocida mitogenic toxin. Intra- and inter-host genome comparison suggests that colonization with this bacterium is both persistent and strain exclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Scott
- 1Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Andrew J Page
- 1Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,†Present address: Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Alan Tracey
- 1Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Claire Cormie
- 1Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Bernardo Ochoa-Montaño
- 2Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,‡Present address: Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Little Chesterford, UK
| | - Clare L Ling
- 3Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand.,4Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiraporn Tangmanakit
- 3Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Paul Turner
- 4Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,5Cambodia-Oxford Medical Research Unit, Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia
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Heni H, Ebner JK, Schmidt G, Aktories K, Orth JHC. Involvement of Osteocytes in the Action of Pasteurella multocida Toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10080328. [PMID: 30104531 PMCID: PMC6115833 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) causes progressive atrophic rhinitis with severe turbinate bone degradation in pigs. It has been reported that the toxin deamidates and activates heterotrimeric G proteins, resulting in increased differentiation of osteoclasts and blockade of osteoblast differentiation. So far, the action of PMT on osteocytes, which is the most abundant cell type in bone tissue, is not known. In MLO-Y4 osteocytes, PMT deamidated heterotrimeric G proteins, resulting in loss of osteocyte dendritic processes, stress fiber formation, cell spreading and activation of RhoC but not of RhoA. Moreover, the toxin caused processing of membrane-bound receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) to release soluble RANKL and enhanced the secretion of osteoclastogenic TNF-α. In a co-culture model of osteocytes and bone marrow cells, PMT-induced osteoclastogenesis was largely increased as compared to the mono-culture model. The enhancement of osteoclastogenesis observed in the co-culture was blocked by sequestering RANKL with osteoprotegerin and by an antibody against TNF-α indicating involvement of release of the osteoclastogenic factors from osteocytes. Data support the crucial role of osteocytes in bone metabolism and osteoclastogenesis and identify osteocytes as important target cells of PMT in progressive atrophic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Heni
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Hermann-Staudinger-Graduiertenschule, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Julia K Ebner
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Gudula Schmidt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Aktories
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Joachim H C Orth
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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11
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Li D, Wang C, Li Z, Wang H, He J, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Shen C, Xiao F, Gao Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Wang P, Peng J, Cai G, Zuo B, Yang Y, Shen Y, Song W, Zhang X, Shen L, Chen X. Nano-sized Al 2O 3 particle-induced autophagy reduces osteolysis in aseptic loosening of total hip arthroplasty by negative feedback regulation of RANKL expression in fibroblasts. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:840. [PMID: 30082761 PMCID: PMC6079072 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aseptic loosening is mainly caused by wear debris generated by friction that can increase the expression of receptor activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (RANKL). RANKL has been shown to support the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts. Although autophagy is a key metabolic pathway for maintaining the metabolic homeostasis of cells, no study has determined whether autophagy induced by Al2O3 particles is involved in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening. The aim of this study was to evaluate RANKL levels in patients experiencing aseptic loosening after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and hip osteoarthritis (hOA) and to consequently clarify the relationship between RANKL and LC3II expression. We determined the levels of RANKL and autophagy in fibroblasts treated with Al2O3 particles in vitro while using shBECN-1 interference lentivirus vectors to block the autophagy pathway and BECN-1 overexpression lentivirus vectors to promote autophagy. We established a novel rat model of femoral head replacement and analyzed the effects of Al2O3 particles on autophagy levels and RANKL expression in synovial tissues in vivo. The RANKL levels in the revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) group were higher than those in the hOA group. In patients with rTHA with a ceramic interface, LC3II expression was high, whereas RANKL expression was low. The in vitro results showed that Al2O3 particles promoted fibroblast autophagy in a time- and dose-dependent manner and that RANKL expression was negatively correlated with autophagy. The in vivo results further confirmed these findings. Al2O3 particles induced fibroblast autophagy, which reduced RANKL expression. Decreasing the autophagy level promoted osteolysis and aseptic prosthetic loosening, whereas increasing the autophagy level reversed this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuokai Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiye He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiquan Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehua Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen memorial hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen university, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Kamradt T, Amling M, Dankbar B, Dudeck A, Gunzer M, Ignatius A, Krönke G, Kubatzky K, Pap T, Prinz I, Schett G, Schinke T, Tuckermann J, Waisman A. [Mutual influence of immune system and bones]. Z Rheumatol 2018; 77:8-11. [PMID: 29675686 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-018-0454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Kamradt
- Institut für Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743, Jena, Deutschland.
| | - M Amling
- Institut für Osteologie und Biomechanik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - B Dankbar
- Institut für Muskuloskelettale Medizin, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Deutschland
| | - A Dudeck
- Institut für Molekulare und Klinische Immunologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - M Gunzer
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie und Bildgebung, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45141, Essen, Deutschland
| | - A Ignatius
- Institut für Unfallchirurgische Forschung und Biomechanik, Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 14, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - G Krönke
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - K Kubatzky
- Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - T Pap
- Institut für Muskuloskelettale Medizin, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Deutschland
| | - I Prinz
- Institut für Immunologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| | - G Schett
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - T Schinke
- Institut für Osteologie und Biomechanik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - J Tuckermann
- Institut für Molekulare Endokrinologie der Tiere, Universität Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - A Waisman
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin Mainz, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland
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13
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Influence of Pasteurella multocida Toxin on the differentiation of dendritic cells into osteoclasts. Immunobiology 2017; 223:142-150. [PMID: 29030011 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells that connect the innate and adaptive immune system to ensure an efficient immune response during the course of an infection. Recently, DC came into the spotlight as a potential source of osteoclast progenitors, especially under (auto)inflammatory conditions. The virulence factor Pasteurella multocida Toxin (PMT) causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs, a disease characterised by a severe reduction of nasal bone. Our group and others have shown the potential of PMT in mediating differentiation of monocytes/macrophages into bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, whether DC are target cells for PMT-induced osteoclast differentiation, is currently unknown. Using different murine DC model systems, we investigated the ability of PMT to induce osteoclast formation in DC. Similar to our previous observations in macrophages, PMT was endocytosed by DC and triggered intracellular deamidation of residue Q209 of the Gq alpha subunit. Still, PMT failed to induce prolonged secretion of osteoclastogenic cytokines and osteoclast formation; instead PMT-treated DC secreted interleukin-12 (IL-12), an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we show that in comparison to bone marrow-derived macrophages, PMT induces maturation of DC through increased expression of the activation markers CD80 and CD86. As maturation of DC prevents their transdifferentiation into osteoclasts, we hypothesize that PMT, a potent osteoclastogenic toxin, fails to trigger osteoclastogenesis in DC due to its effect on DC maturation and IL-12 production.
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