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Feola S, Chiaro J, Cerullo V. Integrating immunopeptidome analysis for the design and development of cancer vaccines. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101750. [PMID: 37003057 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The repertoire of naturally presented peptides within the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) or HLA (human leukocyte antigens) system on the cellular surface of every mammalian cell is referred to as ligandome or immunopeptidome. This later gained momentum upon the discovery of CD8 + T cells able to recognize and kill cancer cells in an MHC-I antigen-restricted manner. Indeed, cancer immune surveillance relies on T cell recognition of MHC-I-restricted peptides, making the identification of those peptides the core for designing T cell-based cancer vaccines. Moreover, the breakthrough of antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules has led to a new and strong interest in discovering suitable targets for CD8 +T cells. Therapeutic cancer vaccines are designed for the artificial generation and/or stimulation of CD8 +T cells; thus, their combination with ICIs to unleash the breaks of the immune system comes as a natural consequence to enhance anti-tumor efficacy. In this context, the identification and knowledge of peptide candidates take advantage of the fast technology updates in immunopeptidome and mass spectrometric methodologies, paying the way to the rational design of vaccines for immunotherapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss mainly the role of immunopeptidome analysis and its application for the generation of therapeutic cancer vaccines with main focus on HLA-I peptides. Here, we review cancer vaccine platforms based on two different preparation methods: pathogens (viruses and bacteria) and not (VLPs, nanoparticles, subunits vaccines) that exploit discoveries in the ligandome field to generate and/or enhance anti-tumor specific response. Finally, we discuss possible drawbacks and future challenges in the field that remain still to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Feola
- Drug Research Program (DRP) ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Faculty of Pharmacy Helsinki University, Viikinkaari 5E, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Fabianinkatu 33, Finland; Translational Immunology Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine Helsinki University, Haartmaninkatu 8, Finland
| | - Jacopo Chiaro
- Drug Research Program (DRP) ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Faculty of Pharmacy Helsinki University, Viikinkaari 5E, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Fabianinkatu 33, Finland; Translational Immunology Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine Helsinki University, Haartmaninkatu 8, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research Program (DRP) ImmunoViroTherapy Lab (IVT), Faculty of Pharmacy Helsinki University, Viikinkaari 5E, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Fabianinkatu 33, Finland; Translational Immunology Program (TRIMM), Faculty of Medicine Helsinki University, Haartmaninkatu 8, Finland; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Naples University "Federico II", S. Pansini 5, Italy.
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2
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Cerqueira OLD, Antunes F, Assis NG, Cardoso EC, Clavijo-Salomón MA, Domingues AC, Tessarollo NG, Strauss BE. Perspectives for Combining Viral Oncolysis With Additional Immunotherapies for the Treatment of Melanoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:777775. [PMID: 35495634 PMCID: PMC9048901 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.777775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer with steadily increasing incidence worldwide during the last few decades. In addition to its tumor associated antigens (TAAs), melanoma has a high mutation rate compared to other tumors, which promotes the appearance of tumor specific antigens (TSAs) as well as increased lymphocytic infiltration, inviting the use of therapeutic tools that evoke new or restore pre-existing immune responses. Innovative therapeutic proposals, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have emerged as effective options for melanoma. However, a significant portion of these patients relapse and become refractory to treatment. Likewise, strategies using viral vectors, replicative or not, have garnered confidence and approval by different regulatory agencies around the world. It is possible that further success of immune therapies against melanoma will come from synergistic combinations of different approaches. In this review we outline molecular features inherent to melanoma and how this supports the use of viral oncolysis and immunotherapies when used as monotherapies or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Luiz Dutra Cerqueira
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadine G Assis
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Cardoso
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Clavijo-Salomón
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Domingues
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayara G Tessarollo
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO)/LIM, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Bryan E Strauss,
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3
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Uche IK, Stanfield BA, Rudd JS, Kousoulas KG, Rider PJF. Utility of a Recombinant HSV-1 Vaccine Vector for Personalized Cancer Vaccines. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:832393. [PMID: 35155582 PMCID: PMC8826227 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.832393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current approaches to cancer immunotherapy include immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cellular therapy. These therapies have produced significant clinical success for specific cancers, but their efficacy has been limited. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) has emerged as a promising immunotherapy for a variety of cancers. Furthermore, the unique characteristics of OVs make them a good choice for delivering tumor peptides/antigens to induce enhanced tumor-specific immune responses. The first oncolytic virus (OV) approved for human use is the attenuated herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) which has been FDA approved for the treatment of melanoma in humans. In this study, we engineered the recombinant oncolytic HSV-1 (oHSV) VC2-OVA expressing a fragment of ovalbumin (OVA) as a fusion protein with VP26 virion capsid protein. We tested the ability of VC2-OVA to act as a vector capable of stimulating strong, specific antitumor immunity in a syngeneic murine melanoma model. Therapeutic vaccination with VC2-OVA led to a significant reduction in colonization of tumor cells in the lungs of mice intravenously challenged B16cOVA cells. In addition, VC2-OVA induced a potent prophylactic antitumor response and extended survival of mice that were intradermally engrafted with B16cOVA tumors compared with mice immunized with control virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeanyi Kingsley Uche
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Untied States
| | - Brent A. Stanfield
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Untied States
| | - Jared S. Rudd
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Untied States
| | - Konstantin G. Kousoulas
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Untied States
- *Correspondence: Konstantin G. Kousoulas, ; Paul J. F. Rider,
| | - Paul J. F. Rider
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, Untied States
- *Correspondence: Konstantin G. Kousoulas, ; Paul J. F. Rider,
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4
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He H, Xie C, Lu X. Injectable hydrogels for anti‐tumour treatment: a review. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1049/bsbt.2020.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University610031ChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chaoming Xie
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University610031ChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong University610031ChengduSichuanPeople's Republic of China
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Huff AL, Evgin L, Thompson J, Kottke T, Driscoll CB, Tonne J, Wongthida P, Schuelke M, Shim KG, Mer G, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Vile R. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Encoding a Destabilized Tumor Antigen Improves Activation of Anti-tumor T Cell Responses. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2540-2552. [PMID: 32877695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens would represent a major advance for anti-tumor vaccination strategies. Here, we investigated structure-directed antigen destabilization as a strategy to improve the degradation, immunogenic epitope presentation, and T cell activation against a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-encoded tumor antigen. We used the crystal structure of the model antigen ovalbumin to identify charge-disrupting amino acid mutations that were predicted to decrease the stability of the protein. One mutation, OVA-C12R, significantly reduced the half-life of the protein and was preferentially degraded in a 26-S proteasomal-dependent manner. The destabilized ovalbumin protein exhibited enhanced presentation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunogenic epitope, SIINFEKL, on the surface of B16F10 cells or murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro. Enhanced presentation correlated with better recognition by cognate CD8 OT-I T cells as measured by activation, proliferation, and effector cytokine production. Finally, VSV encoding the degradation-prone antigen was better able to prime an antigen ovalbumin-specific CD8 T cell response in vivo without altering the anti-viral CD8 T cell response. Our studies highlight that not only is the choice of antigen in cancer vaccines of importance, but that emphasis should be placed on modifying antigen quality to ensure optimal priming of anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Christopher B Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Georges Mer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marina Ramirez-Alvarado
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK.
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UV Light-inactivated HSV-1 Stimulates Natural Killer Cell-induced Killing of Prostate Cancer Cells. J Immunother 2020; 42:162-174. [PMID: 30933043 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate that ultraviolet light-inactivated Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (UV-HSV-1) stimulates peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to lyse both androgen-sensitive and androgen-independent prostate cancer (PrCA) cell lines, but not the benign prostatic hyperplastic epithelial cell line, BPH-1, and is 1000-10,000-fold more potent at stimulating this killing than ultraviolet light-inactivated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, adenovirus, reovirus or cytomegalovirus. Among PBMCs, natural killer (NK) cells appear to be a major cell type involved in this killing and UV-HSV-1 appears to directly and potently stimulate NK cell expression of CD69, degranulation, cytokine production, and migration to IL-8 in PC3 conditioned medium. We also found that UV-HSV-1 stimulates glycolysis in PBMCs and NK cells, and that 2-deoxyglucose and the protein kinase C inhibitor, Go6976, and the NFκB inhibitor, Bay 11-7082, all abrogate UV-HSV-1 activated killing of PC3 cells by PBMCs and NK cells. Using neutralizing anti-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) we found that UV-HSV-1, like HSV-1, activates NK cells via TLR2. Taken together, these results are consistent with Toll-like receptor 2 ligands on UV-HSV-1 stimulating TLR2 on NK cells to activate protein kinase C, leading to enhanced glycolysis and NFκB activation, both of which play a critical role in this anti-PrCA innate immune response. Importantly, UV-HSV-1 synergizes with IL-15 to increase the cytolytic activity of PBMCs against PC3 cells and there was considerable donor-to-donor variation in killing ability. These results support the preclinical development of UV-HSV-1 as an adjuvant, in combination with IL-15, for cell infusions of healthy, preselected NK cells to treat PrCA.
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Luo Y, Lin C, Zou Y, Ju F, Ren W, Lin Y, Wang Y, Huang X, Liu H, Yu Z, Liu P, Tan G, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Huang C, Xia N. Tumor-targeting oncolytic virus elicits potent immunotherapeutic vaccine responses to tumor antigens. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1726168. [PMID: 32117591 PMCID: PMC7028326 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1726168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses represent a promising therapeutic modality, but they have yet to live up to their therapeutic potential. Safety and efficacy concerns impel us to identify least toxic oncolytic agents that would generate durable and multifaceted anti-tumor immune responses to disrupt the tumors. Here we describe a rational engineered oncolytic herpes virus (OVH) that is a selective killer for targeting tumors, has strong safety records, induces complete regression of tumors in multiple tumor models, and elicits potent antitumor immunity. By far, the potential of OVs in promoting the tumor antigen-specific humoral immune responses remains obscure. In this study, we found that effective treatment by OVH induced immunogenic cell death, which facilitates to elicit humoral immune responses. Depletion experiments revealed that B cells were required for maximal antitumor efficacy of oncolytic immunotherapy. Both serum transfer and antibody treatment experiments revealed that endogenous oncolysis-induced antigen-targeting therapeutic antibodies can lead to systemic tumor regression. Our data demonstrate that tumor-targeting immune modulatory properties confer oncolytic OVH virotherapy as potent immunotherapeutic cancer vaccines that can generate specific and efficacious antitumor humoral responses by eliciting endogenous tumor antigen-targeting therapeutic antibodies in situ, resulting in an efficacious and tumor-specific therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chaolong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yidi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenfeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yale Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Pingguo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Guowei Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Müller LME, Holmes M, Michael JL, Scott GB, West EJ, Scott KJ, Parrish C, Hall K, Stäble S, Jennings VA, Cullen M, McConnell S, Langton C, Tidswell EL, Shafren D, Samson A, Harrington KJ, Pandha H, Ralph C, Kelly RJ, Cook G, Melcher AA, Errington-Mais F. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells orchestrate innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity induced by oncolytic coxsackievirus A21. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:164. [PMID: 31262361 PMCID: PMC6604201 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncolytic virus, coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21), has shown promise as a single agent in several clinical trials and is now being tested in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. Combination therapies offer the best chance of disease control; however, the design of successful combination strategies requires a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underpinning CVA21 efficacy, in particular, the role of CVA21 anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the ability of CVA21 to induce human anti-tumor immunity, and identify the cellular mechanism responsible. METHODS This study utilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells from i) healthy donors, ii) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients, and iii) patients taking part in the STORM clinical trial, who received intravenous CVA21; patients receiving intravenous CVA21 were consented separately in accordance with local institutional ethics review and approval. Collectively, these blood samples were used to characterize the development of innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune responses following CVA21 treatment. RESULTS An Initial characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, collected from cancer patients following intravenous infusion of CVA21, confirmed that CVA21 activated immune effector cells in patients. Next, using hematological disease models which were sensitive (Multiple Myeloma; MM) or resistant (AML) to CVA21-direct oncolysis, we demonstrated that CVA21 stimulated potent anti-tumor immune responses, including: 1) cytokine-mediated bystander killing; 2) enhanced natural killer cell-mediated cellular cytotoxicity; and 3) priming of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, with specificity towards known tumor-associated antigens. Importantly, immune-mediated killing of both MM and AML, despite AML cells being resistant to CVA21-direct oncolysis, was observed. Upon further examination of the cellular mechanisms responsible for CVA21-induced anti-tumor immunity we have identified the importance of type I IFN for NK cell activation, and demonstrated that both ICAM-1 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells were key mediators of this response. CONCLUSION This work supports the development of CVA21 as an immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of both AML and MM. Additionally, the data presented provides an important insight into the mechanisms of CVA21-mediated immunotherapy to aid the development of clinical biomarkers to predict response and rationalize future drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M. E. Müller
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Matthew Holmes
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Joanne L. Michael
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Gina B. Scott
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Emma J. West
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Karen J. Scott
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | | | - Kathryn Hall
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Sina Stäble
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Victoria A. Jennings
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Matthew Cullen
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostics Service, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Stewart McConnell
- Department of Haematology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Catherine Langton
- Department of Haematology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Emma L. Tidswell
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Darren Shafren
- School of Biomedical Science and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Adel Samson
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Kevin J. Harrington
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Surrey Cancer Research Institute, Leggett Building, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Christy Ralph
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Richard J. Kelly
- Department of Haematology, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Gordon Cook
- Section of Experimental Haematology, LIMR, University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan A. Melcher
- Translational Immunotherapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Fiona Errington-Mais
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research (LIMR), University of Leeds, St. James’s University Hospital, Level 5, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building (WTBB), Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
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9
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Suksanpaisan L, Xu R, Tesfay MZ, Bomidi C, Hamm S, Vandergaast R, Jenks N, Steele MB, Ota-Setlik A, Akhtar H, Luckay A, Nowak R, Peng KW, Eldridge JH, Clarke DK, Russell SJ, Diaz RM. Preclinical Development of Oncolytic Immunovirotherapy for Treatment of HPV POS Cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2018; 10:1-13. [PMID: 29998190 PMCID: PMC6037044 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy for HPVPOS malignancies is attractive because well-defined, viral, non-self tumor antigens exist as targets. Several approaches to vaccinate therapeutically against HPV E6 and E7 antigens have been adopted, including viral platforms such as VSV. A major advantage of VSV expressing these antigens is that VSV also acts as an oncolytic virus, leading to direct tumor cell killing and induction of effective anti-E6 and anti-E7 T cell responses. We have also shown that addition of immune adjuvant genes, such as IFNβ, further enhances safety and/or efficacy of VSV-based oncolytic immunovirotherapies. However, multiple designs of the viral vector are possible—with respect to levels of immunogen expression and method of virus attenuation—and optimal designs have not previously been tested head-to-head. Here, we tested three different VSV engineered to express a non-oncogenic HPV16 E7/6 fusion protein for their immunotherapeutic and oncolytic properties. We assessed their profiles of efficacy and toxicity against HPVPOS and HPVNEG murine tumor models and determined the optimal route of administration. Our data show that VSV is an excellent platform for the oncolytic immunovirotherapy of tumors expressing HPV target antigens, combining a balance of efficacy and safety suitable for evaluation in a first-in-human clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Xu
- Profectus Biosciences, Inc., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | | | | | - Stefan Hamm
- Profectus Biosciences, Inc., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | | | - Nathan Jenks
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael B Steele
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Hinna Akhtar
- Profectus Biosciences, Inc., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Amara Luckay
- Profectus Biosciences, Inc., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Rebecca Nowak
- Profectus Biosciences, Inc., Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Kah Whye Peng
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Vyriad, Inc., Rochester, MN 55902, USA.,Deparment of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen J Russell
- Vyriad, Inc., Rochester, MN 55902, USA.,Deparment of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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10
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Fermin G, Rampersad S, Tennant P. Viruses as Tools of Biotechnology. Viruses 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811257-1.00012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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11
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Abdossamadi Z, Seyed N, Zahedifard F, Taheri T, Taslimi Y, Montakhab-Yeganeh H, Badirzadeh A, Vasei M, Gharibzadeh S, Rafati S. Human Neutrophil Peptide 1 as immunotherapeutic agent against Leishmania infected BALB/c mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006123. [PMID: 29253854 PMCID: PMC5749894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Neutrophil Peptide 1 (HNP1) produced by neutrophils, is a well-known antimicrobial peptide which plays a role both in innate as well as in adaptive immunity and is under intensive investigation as a potential therapeutic agent. Previous in vitro experiments have indicated the leishmaniacidal effect of recombinant HNP1 on Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes and amastigotes. In the current study, we further extended the idea to explore the remedial effect of HNP1 in the two modalities of peptide therapy (folded HNP1) and gene therapy in L. major infected BALB/c mice. To this end, mice in five different groups received synthetic folded HNP1 (G1), pcDNA-HNP1-EGFP (G2), pcDNA-EGFP (G3), Amphotericin B (G4) and PBS (G5), which was started three weeks after infection for three consecutive weeks. Footpad swelling was monitored weekly and a day after the therapy ended, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-6 and nitric oxide produced by splenocytes were analyzed together with the parasite load in draining lymph nodes. Arginase activity and dermal histopathological changes were also analyzed in the infected footpads. We demonstrated that both therapeutic approaches effectively induced Th1 polarization and restricted parasite burden. It can control disease progression in contrast to non-treated groups. However, pcDNA-HNP1-EGFP is more promising in respect to parasite control than folded HNP1, but less effective than AmB treatment. We concluded with the call for a future approach, that is, a DNA-based expression of HNP1 combined with AmB as it can improve the leishmaniacidal efficacy. The outbreak level of cutaneous leishmaniasis is approximated between one and 1.5 million individuals per year. Owning to several disadvantages of current therapies, special attention to expand novel and efficient therapies has been demanded. Among Anti-Microbial Peptides (AMPs), Human Neutrophil Peptide 1 (HNP1) is one of the most potential defensins. Our promising in vitro experiments have shown the leishmaniacidal effect of recombinant HNP1. Here, we displayed the remedial effect of HNP1 in two approaches including peptide therapy and gene therapy in susceptible mice infected with L. major. Our investigation showed that although both approaches could decrease the parasite load and induce Th1 immune response compared to the control group, pcDNA-HNP1-EGFP has a better effect compared to the folded HNP1. Hence, immunotherapy by HNP1 can help elicit proper immunity despite the direct effect on promastigotes and amastigotes forms of parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abdossamadi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Seyed
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Zahedifard
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Taheri
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Taslimi
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Montakhab-Yeganeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badirzadeh
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vasei
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoora Gharibzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rafati
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: ,
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