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Pinheiro da Silva F, Gonçalves ANA, Duarte‐Neto AN, Dias TL, Barbeiro HV, Breda CNS, Breda LCD, Câmara NOS, Nakaya HI. Transcriptome analysis of six tissues obtained post-mortem from sepsis patients. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3157-3167. [PMID: 37731199 PMCID: PMC10568675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic shock is a life-threatening clinical condition characterized by a robust immune inflammatory response to disseminated infection. Little is known about its impact on the transcriptome of distinct human tissues. To address this, we performed RNA sequencing of samples from the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, heart, lung, kidney and colon of seven individuals who succumbed to sepsis and seven uninfected controls. We identified that the lungs and colon were the most affected organs. While gene activation dominated, strong inhibitory signals were also detected, particularly in the lungs. We found that septic shock is an extremely heterogeneous disease, not only when different individuals are investigated, but also when comparing different tissues of the same patient. However, several pathways, such as respiratory electron transport and other metabolic functions, revealed distinctive alterations, providing evidence that tissue specificity is a hallmark of sepsis. Strikingly, we found evident signals of accelerated ageing in our sepsis population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hermes Vieira Barbeiro
- Laboratório de Emergências Clínicas, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Helder I. Nakaya
- Faculdade de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloBrazil
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2
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Mechanisms of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Control in the DNA Damage Response to Oxidative Stress, Epigenetic Regulation, and Persistent Innate Immune Suppression Following Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071146. [PMID: 34356379 PMCID: PMC8301080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have evolved extensive signaling mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis. While basal levels of oxidants are critical for normal signaling, a tipping point is reached when the level of oxidant species exceed cellular antioxidant capabilities. Myriad pathological conditions are characterized by elevated oxidative stress, which can cause alterations in cellular operations and damage to cellular components including nucleic acids. Maintenance of nuclear chromatin are critically important for host survival and eukaryotic organisms possess an elaborately orchestrated response to initiate repair of such DNA damage. Recent evidence indicates links between the cellular antioxidant response, the DNA damage response (DDR), and the epigenetic status of the cell under conditions of elevated oxidative stress. In this emerging model, the cellular response to excessive oxidants may include redox sensors that regulate both the DDR and an orchestrated change to the epigenome in a tightly controlled program that both protects and regulates the nuclear genome. Herein we use sepsis as a model of an inflammatory pathophysiological condition that results in elevated oxidative stress, upregulation of the DDR, and epigenetic reprogramming of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to discuss new evidence for interplay between the antioxidant response, the DNA damage response, and epigenetic status.
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3
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Gritte RB, Souza-Siqueira T, Curi R, Machado MCC, Soriano FG. Why Septic Patients Remain Sick After Hospital Discharge? Front Immunol 2021; 11:605666. [PMID: 33658992 PMCID: PMC7917203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is well known to cause a high patient death rate (up to 50%) during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. In addition, sepsis survival patients also exhibit a very high death rate after hospital discharge compared to patients with any other disease. The addressed question is then: why septic patients remain ill after hospital discharge? The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the high rate of septic patient deaths are still unknown. We described herein the studies that investigated the percentage of septic patients that died after hospital discharge ranging from 90 days up to 5 years. We also reported the symptoms of septic patients after hospital discharge and the development of the recently called post-sepsis syndrome (PSS). The most common symptoms of the PSS are cognitive disabilities, physical functioning decline, difficulties in performing routine daily activities, and poor life quality. The PSS also associates with quite often reinfection and re-hospitalization. This condition is the cause of the high rate of death mentioned above. We reported the proportion of patients dying after hospital discharge up to 5 years of followed up and the PSS symptoms associated. The authors also discuss the possible cellular and metabolic reprogramming mechanisms related with the low survival of septic patients and the occurrence of PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bragante Gritte
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Souza-Siqueira
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Immunobiological Production Section, Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Darden DB, Moore FA, Brakenridge SC, Navarro EB, Anton SD, Leeuwenburgh C, Moldawer LL, Mohr AM, Efron PA, Mankowski RT. The Effect of Aging Physiology on Critical Care. Crit Care Clin 2021; 37:135-150. [PMID: 33190766 PMCID: PMC8194285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Older patients experience a decline in their physiologic reserves as well as chronic low-grade inflammation named "inflammaging." Both of these contribute significantly to aging-related factors that alter the acute, subacute, and chronic response of these patients to critical illness, such as sepsis. Unfortunately, this altered response to stressors can lead to chronic critical illness followed by dismal outcomes and death. The primary goal of this review is to briefly highlight age-specific changes in physiologic systems majorly affected in critical illness, especially because it pertains to sepsis and trauma, which can lead to chronic critical illness and describe implications in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijoia B Darden
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eduardo B Navarro
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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5
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Trained Innate Immunity by Repeated Low-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Injections Displays Long-Term Neuroprotective Effects. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8191079. [PMID: 33061831 PMCID: PMC7547335 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8191079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted immune response is an important feature of many neurodegenerative conditions, including sepsis-associated cognitive impairment. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that immune memory occurs in microglia, which has a significant impact on pathological hallmarks of neurological diseases. However, it remains unclear whether immune memory can cause subsequent alterations in the brain immune response and affect neurobehavioral outcomes in sepsis survivors. In the present study, mice received daily intraperitoneal injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1 mg/kg) for three consecutive days to induce immune memory (immune tolerance) and then were subjected to sham operation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) 9 months later, followed by a battery of neurobehavioral and biochemical studies. Here, we showed that repeated low-dose LPS injection-induced immune memory protected mice from sepsis-induced cognitive and affective impairments, which were accompanied by significantly decreased brain proinflammatory cytokines and immune response. In conclusion, our study suggests that modulation of brain immune responses by repeated LPS injections confers neuroprotective effects by preventing overactivated immune response in response to subsequent septic insult.
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Stortz JA, Hollen MK, Nacionales DC, Horiguchi H, Ungaro R, Dirain ML, Wang Z, Wu Q, Wu KK, Kumar A, Foster TC, Stewart BD, Ross JA, Segal M, Bihorac A, Brakenridge S, Moore FA, Wohlgemuth SE, Leeuwenburgh C, Mohr AM, Moldawer LL, Efron PA. Old Mice Demonstrate Organ Dysfunction as well as Prolonged Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Weight Loss in a Modified Surgical Sepsis Model. Crit Care Med 2020; 47:e919-e929. [PMID: 31389840 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to "reverse translate" the human response to surgical sepsis into the mouse by modifying a widely adopted murine intra-abdominal sepsis model to engender a phenotype that conforms to current sepsis definitions and follows the most recent expert recommendations for animal preclinical sepsis research. Furthermore, we aimed to create a model that allows the study of aging on the long-term host response to sepsis. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Young (3-5 mo) and old (18-22 mo) C57BL/6j mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice received no intervention or were subjected to polymicrobial sepsis with cecal ligation and puncture followed by fluid resuscitation, analgesia, and antibiotics. Subsets of mice received daily chronic stress after cecal ligation and puncture for 14 days. Additionally, modifications were made to ensure that "Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies" recommendations were followed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Old mice exhibited increased mortality following both cecal ligation and puncture and cecal ligation and puncture + daily chronic stress when compared with young mice. Old mice developed marked hepatic and/or renal dysfunction, supported by elevations in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, 8 and 24 hours following cecal ligation and puncture. Similar to human sepsis, old mice demonstrated low-grade systemic inflammation 14 days after cecal ligation and puncture + daily chronic stress and evidence of immunosuppression, as determined by increased serum concentrations of multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines when compared with young septic mice. In addition, old mice demonstrated expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations and sustained weight loss following cecal ligation and puncture + daily chronic stress, again similar to the human condition. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that this murine cecal ligation and puncture + daily chronic stress model of surgical sepsis in old mice adhered to current Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies guidelines and met Sepsis-3 criteria. In addition, it effectively created a state of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and weight loss, thought to be a key aspect of chronic sepsis pathobiology and increasingly more prevalent after human sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Stortz
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - McKenzie K Hollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dina C Nacionales
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Hiroyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ricardo Ungaro
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Marvin L Dirain
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Quran Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kevin K Wu
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Brian D Stewart
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Julia A Ross
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Marc Segal
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Scott Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Stephanie E Wohlgemuth
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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7
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Kirk RA, Kesner RP, Wang LM, Wu Q, Towner RA, Hoffman JM, Morton KA. Lipopolysaccharide exposure in a rat sepsis model results in hippocampal amyloid-β plaque and phosphorylated tau deposition and corresponding behavioral deficits. GeroScience 2019; 41:467-481. [PMID: 31473912 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory response to infection associated with acute and chronic neurocognitive consequences, including an increased risk of later-life dementia. In a lipopolysaccharide-induced rat sepsis model, we have demonstrated neuroinflammation, cortical amyloid-beta plaque deposition, and increased whole brain levels of phosphorylated tau. Hippocampal abnormalities, particularly those of the dentate gyrus, are seen in Alzheimer's disease and age-related memory loss. The focus of this study was to determine whether Aβ plaques and phosphorylated tau aggregates occur in the hippocampus as a consequence of lipopolysaccharide administration, and whether behavioral abnormalities related to the hippocampus, particularly the dentate gyrus, can be demonstrated. Male Sprague Dawley rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. Control animals received a saline injection. Seven days post injection, Aβ plaques and phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus were quantified following immunostaining. Behavioral tests that have previously been shown to result in specific deficits in dentate gyrus-lesioned rats were administered. Lipopolysaccharide treatment results in the deposition of beta amyloid plaques and intracellular phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus, including the dorsal dentate gyrus. Lipopolysaccharide treatment resulted in behavioral deficits attributable to the dorsal dentate gyrus, including episodic-like memory function that primarily involves spatial, contextual, and temporal orientation and integration. Lipopolysaccharide administration results in hippocampal deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular phosphorylated tau and results in specific behavioral deficits attributable to the dorsal dentate gyrus. These findings, if persistent, could provide a basis for the higher rate of dementia in longitudinal studies of sepsis survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Kirk
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Raymond P Kesner
- Department of Psychology (Professor Emeritus), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Li-Ming Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, 20 N 1900 E, Room 1A071, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, 20 N 1900 E, Room 1A071, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Oklahoma Nathan Shock Aging Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - John M Hoffman
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, 20 N 1900 E, Room 1A071, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Kathryn A Morton
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, 20 N 1900 E, Room 1A071, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
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8
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Ahmad A, Vieira JDC, de Mello AH, de Lima TM, Ariga SK, Barbeiro DF, Barbeiro HV, Szczesny B, Törö G, Druzhyna N, Randi EB, Marcatti M, Toliver-Kinsky T, Kiss A, Liaudet L, Salomao R, Soriano FG, Szabo C. The PARP inhibitor olaparib exerts beneficial effects in mice subjected to cecal ligature and puncture and in cells subjected to oxidative stress without impairing DNA integrity: A potential opportunity for repurposing a clinically used oncological drug for the experimental therapy of sepsis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104263. [PMID: 31071432 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is involved in the pathogenesis of cell dysfunction, inflammation and organ failure during septic shock. The goal of the current study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the clinically approved PARP inhibitor olaparib in experimental models of oxidative stress in vitro and in sepsis in vivo. In mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) organ injury markers, circulating and splenic immune cell distributions, circulating mediators, DNA integrity and survival was measured. In U937 cells subjected to oxidative stress, cellular bioenergetics, viability and DNA integrity were measured. Olaparib was used to inhibit PARP. The results show that in adult male mice subjected to CLP, olaparib (1-10 mg/kg i.p.) improved multiorgan dysfunction. Olaparib treatment reduced the degree of bacterial CFUs. Olaparib attenuated the increases in the levels of several circulating mediators in the plasma. In the spleen, the number of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were reduced in response to CLP; this reduction was inhibited by olaparib treatment. Treg but not Th17 lymphocytes increased in response to CLP; these cell populations were reduced in sepsis when the animals received olaparib. The Th17/Treg ratio was lower in CLP-olaparib group than in the CLP control group. Analysis of miRNA expression identified a multitude of changes in spleen and circulating white blood cell miRNA levels after CLP; olaparib treatment selectively modulated these responses. Olaparib extended the survival rate of mice subjected to CLP. In contrast to males, in female mice olaparib did not have significant protective effects in CLP. In aged mice olaparib exerted beneficial effects that were less pronounced than the effects obtained in young adult males. In in vitro experiments in U937 cells subjected to oxidative stress, olaparib (1-100 μM) inhibited PARP activity, protected against the loss of cell viability, preserved NAD+ levels and improved cellular bioenergetics. In none of the in vivo or in vitro experiments did we observe any adverse effects of olaparib on nuclear or mitochondrial DNA integrity. In conclusion, olaparib improves organ function and extends survival in septic shock. Repurposing and eventual clinical introduction of this clinically approved PARP inhibitor may be warranted for the experimental therapy of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Juliana de Camargo Vieira
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Aline Haas de Mello
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Thais Martins de Lima
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Suely Kubo Ariga
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Denise Frediani Barbeiro
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Hermes Vieira Barbeiro
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Bartosz Szczesny
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Gábor Törö
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Nadiya Druzhyna
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Elisa B Randi
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Michela Marcatti
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Tracy Toliver-Kinsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - András Kiss
- Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Burns, Lausanne University Hospital Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Reinaldo Salomao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Hospital São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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9
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Hamasaki MY, Severino P, Puga RD, Koike MK, Hernandes C, Barbeiro HV, Barbeiro DF, Machado MCC, Reis EM, Pinheiro da Silva F. Short-Term Effects of Sepsis and the Impact of Aging on the Transcriptional Profile of Different Brain Regions. Inflammation 2019; 42:1023-1031. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00964-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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