1
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Xiao ZX, Liang R, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Roles of IRF4 in various immune cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112077. [PMID: 38615379 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a member of IRF family of transcription factors which mainly regulates the transcription of IFN. IRF4 is restrictively expressed in immune cells such as T and B cells, macrophages, as well as DC. It is essential for the development and function of these cells. Since these cells take part in the homeostasis of the immune system and dysfunction of them contributes to the initiation and progress of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the roles of IRF4 in the SLE development becomes an important topic. Here we systemically discuss the biological characteristics of IRF4 in various immune cells and analyze the pathologic effects of IRF4 alteration in SLE and the potential targeting therapeutics of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Xiu Xiao
- Department of Immunology, the School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute and Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China; Department of Clinical Immunology, the Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Rongzhen Liang
- Department of Immunology, the School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute and Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Immunology, the School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute and Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China.
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2
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Fang Q, Wu W, Xiao Z, Zeng D, Liang R, Wang J, Yuan J, Su W, Xu X, Zheng Y, Lai T, Sun J, Fu Q, Zheng SG. Gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate allergic asthma inflammation via HGF in animal models. iScience 2024; 27:109818. [PMID: 38766356 PMCID: PMC11099335 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic non-communicable disease characterized by lung tissue inflammation. Current treatments can alleviate the clinical symptoms to some extent, but there is still no cure. Recently, the transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as a potential approach for treating allergic asthma. Gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs), a type of MSC recently studied, have shown significant therapeutic effects in various experimental models of autoimmune diseases. However, their application in allergic diseases has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, using an OVA-induced allergic asthma model, we demonstrated that GMSCs decrease CD11b+CD11c+ proinflammatory dendritic cells (DCs), reduce Th2 cells differentiation, and thus effectively diminish eosinophils infiltration. We also identified that the core functional factor, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted by GMSCs, mediated its effects in relieving airway inflammation. Taken together, our findings indicate GMSCs as a potential therapy for allergic asthma and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zexiu Xiao
- Department of Clinical Immunology Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Donglan Zeng
- Department of Clinical Immunology Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongzhen Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jia Yuan
- Division of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Dermatology Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai, China
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3
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Siqueira JM, Mitani Y, Hoff CO, Bonini F, Guimaraes de Sousa L, Marques-Piubelli ML, Purushothaman A, Mitani M, Dai H, Lin SY, Spiotto MT, Hanna EY, McGrail DJ, El-Naggar AK, Ferrarotto R. Analysis of B7-H4 Expression Across Salivary Gland Carcinomas Reveals Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma-Specific Prognostic Relevance. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100371. [PMID: 38015043 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
B7-H4 (VTCN1), a member of the B7 family, is overexpressed in several types of cancer. Here we investigated the pattern of expression of B7-H4 in salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) and assessed its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were performed in a cohort of 340 patient tumors, composed of 124 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC), 107 salivary duct carcinomas (SDC), 64 acinic cell carcinomas, 36 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC), 9 secretory carcinomas (SC), as well as 20 normal salivary glands (controls). B7-H4 expression was scored and categorized into negative (<5% expression of any intensity), low (5%-70% expression of any intensity or >70% with weak intensity), or high (>70% moderate or strong diffuse intensity). The associations between B7-H4 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics, as well as overall survival, were assessed. Among all tumors, B7-H4 expression was more prevalent in ACC (94%) compared with those of SC (67%), MEC (44%), SDC (32%), and acinic cell carcinomas (0%). Normal salivary gland tissue did not express B7-H4. High expression of B7-H4 was found exclusively in ACC (27%), SDC (11%), and MEC (8%). In SDC, B7-H4 expression was associated with female gender (P = .002) and lack of androgen receptor expression (P = .012). In ACC, B7-H4 expression was significantly associated with solid histology (P < .0001) and minor salivary gland primary (P = .02). High B7-H4 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in ACC, regardless of clinical stage and histologic subtype. B7-H4 expression was not prognostic in the non-ACC SGC evaluated. Our comparative study revealed distinct patterns of B7-H4 expression according to SGC histology, which has potential therapeutic implications. B7-H4 expression was particularly high in solid ACC and was an independent prognostic marker in this disease but not in the other SGC assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Mota Siqueira
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Stomatology, Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yoshitsugu Mitani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Camilla Oliveira Hoff
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Flavia Bonini
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luana Guimaraes de Sousa
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mario L Marques-Piubelli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anurag Purushothaman
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mutsumi Mitani
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ehab Y Hanna
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1): A potential target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152274. [PMID: 36095871 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity eventuates when the immune system attacks self-molecules as a result of the breakdown in immune tolerance. Targeting autoimmune diseases via immunomodulation has become an essential strategy in today's era. A B7 superfamily member immune checkpoint, the V-set domain containing T-cell activation inhibitor-1 (VTCN1), also known as B7-H4, B7S1, and B7x, is involved in negatively regulating T-cell activation. VTCN1 transcript has been reported in various lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, but its protein expression is restricted, indicating its translational regulation. Dysregulation of VTCN1 has resulted in the exacerbation of various autoimmune diseases. Moreover, increased soluble form of VTCN1 in the patient's sera positively correlates with the disease progression and severity. The current review summarizes all the reports till date, unfolding the role of VTCN1 in various autoimmune diseases and its therapeutic potential.
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5
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Ding S, Zhou H, Gu Y, Shen Y, Zhang L, Zhao H, Wu J, Zhang X, Chang X, Liu C. Establishment of a novel double-monoclonal antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): tool for human B7-H4 detection in autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 205:150-159. [PMID: 33961296 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-H4, one of the immunoregulatory proteins, plays an inhibitory role by inhibiting T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Nevertheless, the significance of soluble B7-H4 (sB7-H4) in autoimmune diseases is unclear. In our study, we developed two novel mouse anti-human B7-H4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (clones 8D4 and 7E1) with utilities for flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. We characterized 7E1 as a functional antibody with antagonistic activity, which could promote T cell proliferation and regulate cytokine production. Furthermore, based on the different epitope specificities, we established a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which could detect sB7-H4 sensitively and specifically. Using this ELISA kit, sB7-H4 was observed in a high proportion of autoimmune diseases patients. We found that the levels of sB7-H4 were significantly higher in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type I diabetes (T1D) and Graves' disease (GD). Together, sB7-H4 in human serum is regarded not only as a regulator of T cell activation but may also be a diagnostic marker of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Ding
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hengxin Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Soochow University-Bright Scistar Antibody Joint Laboratory, Suzhou, China
| | - Huayang Zhao
- Soochow University-Bright Scistar Antibody Joint Laboratory, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology of Digestive Tract, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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6
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Zhao R, Zhang W, Ma C, Zhao Y, Xiong R, Wang H, Chen W, Zheng SG. Immunomodulatory Function of Vitamin D and Its Role in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:574967. [PMID: 33679732 PMCID: PMC7933459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.574967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is one of the most important nutrients required by the human body. It is a steroid hormone that plays an important role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and bone health. Epidemiological studies have revealed a close correlation between vitamin D and many common chronic diseases. Additionally, vitamin D has recently been shown to act as an immunomodulatory hormone, and, accordingly, vitamin D deficiency was uncovered as a risk factor for autoimmune thyroid diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. It is therefore necessary to disclose the role and mechanism of action of vitamin D in the occurrence and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. This knowledge will help design intervention and early treatment strategies for patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases who present with low levels of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chenghong Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hanmin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
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7
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Xiao ZX, Hu X, Jarjour W, Zheng SG. The role of B7 family members in the generation of Immunoglobulin. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:377-382. [PMID: 33118237 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0420-003rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ig is a Y-shaped protein produced by plasma cells and exerts multiple functions in humoral immunity. There are five groups of Igs including IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, which differ in their heavy chain class. The primary function of Igs includes the neutralization of extrinsic pathogens, agglutination of foreign cells for phagocytosis, precipitation of soluble antigens in serum, and complement fixation. The B cells activated by antigen(s) can differentiate into antibody-producing cells that are called plasma cells and usually matured in the germinal center (GC). Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells crosstalk with antigen-presenting cells and play a crucial role in the development of the GC. Moreover, Tfh cells regulate trafficking through the GC to allow formative interaction with GC B cells that ultimately results in affinity maturation, B-cell memory, and Ig class switching. The B7 family is a series of number of structurally related membrane proteins that bind with a specific receptor to deliver costimulatory or co-inhibitory signals that regulate the activation of T cells in GC. Here, we review and summarize the recent advance of the effects of B7 family members on Ig production and relative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Xiu Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojiang Hu
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wael Jarjour
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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High salt diet accelerates the progression of murine lupus through dendritic cells via the p38 MAPK and STAT1 signaling pathways. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:34. [PMID: 32296043 PMCID: PMC7145808 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in recent decades might be related to changes in modern dietary habits. Since sodium chloride (NaCl) promotes pathogenic T cell responses, we hypothesize that excessive salt intake contributes to the increased incidence of autoimmune diseases, including SLE. Given the importance of dendritic cells (DCs) in the pathogenesis of SLE, we explored the influence of an excessive sodium chloride diet on DCs in a murine SLE model. We used an induced lupus model in which bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were incubated with activated lymphocyte-derived DNA (ALD-DNA) and transferred into C57BL/6 recipient mice. We observed that a high-salt diet (HSD) markedly exacerbated lupus progression, which was accompanied by increased DC activation. NaCl treatment also stimulated the maturation, activation and antigen-presenting ability of DCs in vitro. Pretreatment of BMDCs with NaCl also exacerbated BMDC-ALD-DNA-induced lupus. These mice had increased production of autoantibodies and proinflammatory cytokines, more pronounced splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy, and enhanced pathological renal lesions. The p38 MAPK–STAT1 pathway played an important role in NaCl-induced DC immune activities. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HSD intake promotes immune activation of DCs through the p38 MAPK–STAT1 signaling pathway and exacerbates the features of SLE. Thus, changes in diet may provide a novel strategy for the prevention or amelioration of lupus or other autoimmune diseases.
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9
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Wang JY, Wang WP. B7-H4, a promising target for immunotherapy. Cell Immunol 2019; 347:104008. [PMID: 31733822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coinhibitory molecule B7-H4, an important member of the B7 family, is abnormally expressed in tumors, inflammation and autoimmune diseases. B7-H4 negatively regulates T cell immune response and promotes immune escape by inhibiting the proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cell cycle of T cells. Moreover, B7-H4 plays an extremely important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, anti-apoptosis, etc. In addition, B7-H4 has the other biological functions, such as protection against type 1 diabetes (T1D) and islet cell transplantation. Therefore, B7-H4 has been identified as a novel marker or a therapeutic target for the treatment of tumors, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantation. Here, we summarized the expression profiles, physiological and pathological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of B7-H4, the signaling pathways involved, as well as B7-H4-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei-Peng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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10
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The B7x Immune Checkpoint Pathway: From Discovery to Clinical Trial. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:883-896. [PMID: 31677920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
B7x (B7 homolog x, also known as B7-H4, B7S1, and VTCN1) was discovered by ourselves and others in 2003 as the seventh member of the B7 family. It is an inhibitory immune checkpoint of great significance to human disease. Tissue-expressed B7x minimizes autoimmune and inflammatory responses. It is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers, where it suppresses antitumor immunity. Further, B7x and PD-L1 tend to have mutually exclusive expression in cancer cells. Therapeutics targeting B7x are effective in animal models of cancers and autoimmune disorders, and early-phase clinical trials are underway to determine the efficacy and safety of targeting B7x in human diseases. It took 15 years moving from the discovery of B7x to clinical trials. Further studies will be necessary to identify its receptors, reveal its physiological functions in organs, and combine therapies targeting B7x with other treatments.
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11
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Zhao J, Wang J, Dang J, Zhu W, Chen Y, Zhang X, Xie J, Hu B, Huang F, Sun B, Bellanti JA, Zheng SG. A preclinical study-systemic evaluation of safety on mesenchymal stem cells derived from human gingiva tissue. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:165. [PMID: 31196163 PMCID: PMC6567625 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence has shown that a novel subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human gingiva referred to as gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) displays a greater immunotherapeutic potential and regenerative repair expression than MSCs obtained from other tissues. However, the safety of the use of transplanted GMSCs in humans remains unclear. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the safety of GMSCs transplanted into mouse, rat, rabbit, beagle dog, and monkey as well as two animal models of autoimmune diseases. RESULTS In short- and long-term toxicity tests, infused GMSCs had no remarkable adverse effects on hematologic and biochemical indexes, particularly on the major organs such as heart, liver, spleen, and kidney in recipient animals. It was also shown that GMSCs were well tolerated in other assays including hemolysis, vascular, and muscular stimulation, as well as systemic anaphylaxis and passive skin Arthus reaction in animal models. GSMC infusion did not cause any notable side effects on animal models of either autoimmune arthritis or lupus. Significantly, GMSCs most likely play no role in genotoxicity and tumorigenesis. The biological features remained stable for an extended period after cell transfer. CONCLUSIONS GMSCs are safe in various animal models of autoimmunity, even during active disease episodes, especially in monkeys. This study paves a solid road for future clinical trials of GMSCs in patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Junlong Dang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Wangyu Zhu
- Center of Immunology, Zhoushan City Hospital at Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Junliang Xie
- Huize Biotech, LLC and Huifu Biotech, LLC, Zhoushan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Joseph A Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA.
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12
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Xiao ZX, Olsen N, Zheng SG. The essential role of costimulatory molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2019; 28:575-582. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203319829818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease with immune system disorder mediated through complex autoimmune pathways that involve immune cells, nonimmune cells, cytokines, chemokines, as well as costimulatory molecules. Costimulatory signals play a critical role in initiating, maintaining and regulating immune reactions, and these include ligands and receptors and their interactions involving multiple types of signal information. Dysfunction of costimulatory factors results in complicated abnormal immune responses, with biological effects and eventually, clinical autoimmune diseases. Here we outline what is known about various roles that costimulatory families including the B7 family and tumor necrosis factor super family play in SLE. The aim of this review is to understand the possible association of costimulation with autoimmune diseases, especially SLE, and to explore possible therapeutic target(s) of costimulatory molecules and pathways that might be used to develop therapeutic approaches for patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z X Xiao
- Department of Clinical Immunology at Sun Yat-sen University Third Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - N Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - S G Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Penn State College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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Leibler C, Thiolat A, Elsner RA, El Karoui K, Samson C, Grimbert P. Costimulatory blockade molecules and B-cell-mediated immune response: current knowledge and perspectives. Kidney Int 2019; 95:774-786. [PMID: 30711200 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for therapeutic agents that target humoral alloimmunity in solid organ transplantation. This includes sensitized patients with preformed donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies and patients who develop de novo donor-specific antibodies, both of which are associated with acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection and allograft loss. In the last decade, both experimental and clinical studies highlighted the major impact of costimulation molecules in the control of immune responses both in the field of transplantation and autoimmune disease. Although these molecules have been initially developed to control the early steps of T-cell activation, recent evidence also supports their influence at several steps of the humoral response. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the effects of costimulatory blockade agents on humoral responses in both autoimmune and allogeneic contexts. We first present the effects of costimulatory molecules on the different steps of alloantibody production. We then summarize mechanisms and clinical results observed using cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4)-Ig molecules both in transplantation and autoimmunity. Finally, we present the potential interest and implications of other costimulatory family members as therapeutic targets, with emphasis on combinatorial approaches, for the optimal control of the alloantigen-specific humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leibler
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Pôle Cancérologie-Immunité-Transplantation-Infectiologie, Paris-Est Creteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allan Thiolat
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Rebecca A Elsner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Khalil El Karoui
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Pôle Cancérologie-Immunité-Transplantation-Infectiologie, Paris-Est Creteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Chloe Samson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Grimbert
- Service de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Pôle Cancérologie-Immunité-Transplantation-Infectiologie, Paris-Est Creteil, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherch Médicale, U955, Equipe 21 and Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.
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