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Oster P, Vaillant L, McMillan B, Velin D. The Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapies Is Compromised by Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899161. [PMID: 35677057 PMCID: PMC9168074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infects the gastric mucosa of a large number of humans. Although asymptomatic in the vast majority of cases, H pylori infection can lead to the development of peptic ulcers gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Using a variety of mechanisms, H pylori locally suppresses the function of the host immune system to establish chronic infection. Systemic immunomodulation has been observed in both clinical and pre-clinical studies, which have demonstrated that H pylori infection is associated with reduced incidence of inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and Crohn’s disease. The introduction of immunotherapies in the arsenal of anti-cancer drugs has revealed a new facet of H pylori-induced immune suppression. In this review, we will describe the intimate interactions between H pylori and its host, and formulate hypothtyeses describing the detrimental impact of H pylori infection on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
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Burrello C, Strati F, Lattanzi G, Diaz-Basabe A, Mileti E, Giuffrè MR, Lopez G, Cribiù FM, Trombetta E, Kallikourdis M, Cremonesi M, Conforti F, Botti F, Porretti L, Rescigno M, Vecchi M, Fantini MC, Caprioli F, Facciotti F. IL10 Secretion Endows Intestinal Human iNKT Cells with Regulatory Functions Towards Pathogenic T Lymphocytes. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1461-1474. [PMID: 35358301 PMCID: PMC9455792 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Invariant natural killer T [iNKT] cells perform pleiotropic functions in different tissues by secreting a vast array of pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic molecules. However, the presence and function of human intestinal iNKT cells capable of secreting immunomodulatory molecules such as IL-10 has never been reported so far. Here we describe for the first time the presence of IL10-producing iNKT cells [NKT10 cells] in the intestinal lamina propria of healthy individuals and of Crohn's disease [CD] patients. METHODS Frequency and phenotype of NKT10 cells were analysed ex vivo from intestinal specimens of Crohn's disease [n = 17] and controls [n = 7]. Stable CD-derived intestinal NKT10 cell lines were used to perform in vitro suppression assays and co-cultures with patient-derived mucosa-associated microbiota. Experimental colitis models were performed by adoptive cell transfer of splenic naïve CD4+ T cells in the presence or absence of IL10-sufficient or -deficient iNKT cells. In vivo induction of NKT10 cells was performed by administration of short chain fatty acids [SCFA] by oral gavage. RESULTS Patient-derived intestinal NKT10 cells demonstrated suppressive capabilities towards pathogenic CD4+ T cells. The presence of increased proportions of mucosal NKT10 cells associated with better clinical outcomes in CD patients. Moreover, an intestinal microbial community enriched in SCFA-producing bacteria sustained the production of IL10 by iNKT cells. Finally, IL10-deficient iNKT cells failed to control the pathogenic activity of adoptively transferred CD4+ T cells in an experimental colitis model. CONCLUSIONS These results describe an unprecedentd IL10-mediated immunoregulatory role of intestinal iNKT cells in controlling the pathogenic functions of mucosal T helper subsets and in maintaining the intestinal immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Burrello
- Current address: Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Erika Mileti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Giuffrè
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvia Milena Cribiù
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Trombetta
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cremonesi
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Conforti
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Botti
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- General and Emergency Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Porretti
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo C Fantini
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Corresponding author: Dr Federica Facciotti, Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20135, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Cairo C, Webb TJ. Effective Barriers: The Role of NKT Cells and Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Gut. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:235-246. [PMID: 35017213 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of commensal microbiota in regulating the host immune response has been established. In addition, it is known that host-microbial interactions are bidirectional, and this interplay is tightly regulated to prevent chronic inflammatory disease. Although many studies have focused on the role of classic T cell subsets, unconventional lymphocytes such as NKT cells and innate lymphoid cells also contribute to the regulation of homeostasis at mucosal surfaces and influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the cross-regulation between NKT cells, innate lymphoid cells, and the gut microbiota. Moreover, we highlight how disruptions in homeostasis can lead to immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Cairo
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD;
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tonya J Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; and
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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4
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Yan Q. The Yin-Yang Dynamics in Cancer Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2547:141-163. [PMID: 36068463 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2573-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The enormous heterogeneity of cancer systems has made it very challenging to overcome drug resistance and adverse reactions to achieve personalized therapies. Recent developments in systems biology, especially the perception of cancer as the complex adaptive system (CAS), may help meet the challenges by deciphering the interactions at various levels from the molecular, cellular, tissue-organ, to the whole organism. The ubiquitous Yin-Yang interactions among the coevolving components, including the genes and proteins, decide their spatiotemporal features at various stages from cancer initiation to metastasis. The Yin-Yang imbalances across different systems levels, from genetic mutations to tumor cells adaptation, have been related to the intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity in the micro- and macro-environments. At the molecular and cellular levels, dysfunctional Yin-Yang dynamics in the cytokine networks, mitochondrial activities, redox systems, apoptosis, and metabolism can contribute to tumor cell growth and escape of immune surveillance. Up to the organism and system levels, the Yin-Yang imbalances in the cancer microenvironments can lead to different phenotypes from breast cancer to leukemia. These factors may be considered the systems-based biomarkers and treatment targets. The features of adaptation and nonlinearity in Yin-Yang dynamical interactions should be addressed by individualized drug combinations, dosages, intensities, timing, and frequencies at different cancer stages. The comprehensive "Yin-Yang dynamics" framework would enable powerful approaches for personalized and systems medicine strategies.
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Brettschneider EES, Terabe M. The Role of NKT Cells in Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071641. [PMID: 34208864 PMCID: PMC8307781 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive and deadly cancer, but to date, immunotherapies have failed to make significant strides in improving prognoses for glioblastoma patients. One of the current challenges to developing immunological interventions for glioblastoma is our incomplete understanding of the numerous immunoregulatory mechanisms at play in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. We propose that Natural Killer T (NKT) cells, which are unconventional T lymphocytes that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules, may play a key immunoregulatory role in glioblastoma. For example, evidence suggests that the activation of type I NKT cells can facilitate anti-glioblastoma immune responses. On the other hand, type II NKT cells are known to play an immunosuppressive role in other cancers, as well as to cross-regulate type I NKT cell activity, although their specific role in glioblastoma remains largely unclear. This review provides a summary of our current understanding of NKT cells in the immunoregulation of glioblastoma as well as highlights the involvement of NKT cells in other cancers and central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. S. Brettschneider
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-760-6731
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Ingram Z, Madan S, Merchant J, Carter Z, Gordon Z, Carey G, Webb TJ. Targeting Natural Killer T Cells in Solid Malignancies. Cells 2021; 10:1329. [PMID: 34072042 PMCID: PMC8227159 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes that recognize lipid antigens in the context of the non-classical class I MHC molecule, CD1d, and serve as a link between the innate and adaptive immune system through their expeditious release of cytokines. Whereas NKT have well-established roles in mitigating a number of human diseases, herein, we focus on their role in cancer. NKT cells have been shown to directly and indirectly mediate anti-tumor immunity and manipulating their effector functions can have therapeutic significances in treatment of cancer. In this review, we highlight several therapeutic strategies that have been used to harness the effector functions of NKT cells to target different types of solid tumors. We also discuss several barriers to the successful utilization of NKT cells and summarize effective strategies being developed to harness the unique strengths of this potent population of T cells. Collectively, studies investigating the therapeutic potential of NKT cells serve not only to advance our understanding of this powerful immune cell subset, but also pave the way for future treatments focused on the modulation of NKT cell responses to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tonya J. Webb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.I.); (S.M.); (J.M.); (Z.C.); (Z.G.); (G.C.)
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7
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Wang Y, Bhave MS, Yagita H, Cardell SL. Natural Killer T-Cell Agonist α-Galactosylceramide and PD-1 Blockade Synergize to Reduce Tumor Development in a Preclinical Model of Colon Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581301. [PMID: 33193386 PMCID: PMC7606378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine and human invariant natural killer T (iNKT) lymphocytes are activated by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) presented on CD1d. α-GalCer was first described as a lipid that had strong anti-metastatic effects in a mouse melanoma model, and it has subsequently been shown to induce efficient iNKT cell dependent tumor immunity in several tumor models. We have shown that α-GalCer treatment leads to a weak reduction of polyp burden in the autochthonous ApcMin/+ mouse model for human colon cancer, however this treatment resulted in upregulation of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 on iNKT cells. While anti-PD-1 treatment can prevent immune-suppression in other cancer types, human colon cancer is generally resistant to this treatment. Here we have used the ApcMin/+ model to investigate whether a combined treatment with α-GalCer and PD-1 blockade results in improved effects on polyp development. We find that PD-1 expression was high on T cells in polyps and lamina propria (LP) of ApcMin/+ mice compared to polyp free Apc+/+ littermates. Anti-PD-1 treatment alone promoted Tbet expression in iNKT cells and CD4 T cells, but did not significantly reduce polyp numbers. However, the combined treatment with anti-PD-1 and α-GalCer had synergistic effects, resulting in highly significant reduction of polyp numbers in the small and large intestine. Addition of PD-1 blockade to α-GalCer treatment prevented loss of iNKT cells that were skewed towards a TH1-like iNKT1 phenotype specifically in polyps. It also resulted in TH1 skewing and increased granzyme B expression of CD4 T cells. Taken together this demonstrates that a combination of immune stimulation targeting iNKT cells and checkpoint blockade may be a promising approach to develop for improved tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madhura S Bhave
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Susanna L Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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8
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License to Kill: When iNKT Cells Are Granted the Use of Lethal Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113909. [PMID: 32486268 PMCID: PMC7312231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells are a non-conventional, innate-like, T cell population that recognize lipid antigens presented by the cluster of differentiation (CD)1d molecule. Although iNKT cells are mostly known for mediating several immune responses due to their massive and diverse cytokine release, these cells also work as effectors in various contexts thanks to their cytotoxic potential. In this Review, we focused on iNKT cell cytotoxicity; we provide an overview of iNKT cell subsets, their activation cues, the mechanisms of iNKT cell cytotoxicity, the specific roles and outcomes of this activity in various contexts, and how iNKT killing functions are currently activated in cancer immunotherapies. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives for the better understanding and potential uses of iNKT cell killing functions in tumor immunosurveillance.
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9
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Cui G. Immune battle at the premalignant stage of colorectal cancer: focus on immune cell compositions, functions and cytokine products. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1308-1320. [PMID: 32509381 PMCID: PMC7269793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that most human cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRCs), develop from premalignant lesions through a long-term multistep process. Host immunity is a key determinant that maintains most premalignant lesions in a stable state via immunosurveillance. However, premalignant cells use diverse strategies to escape host immunosurveillance. A switch in the immune function from immunosurveillance to immunosuppression facilitates the progression of premalignant lesions to established CRCs. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding alterations in the immune landscape, including immune cell compositions, functions and cytokine products, in the premalignant stage of CRC and provides an updated discussion on its translational significance along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, China
- Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Campus LevangerNorway
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10
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Darcy PW, Denzin LK, Sant'Angelo DB. YY1 lo NKT cells are dedicated IL-10 producers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3897. [PMID: 32127556 PMCID: PMC7054430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-expression of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is required for the full function of the transcription factor, PLZF, which is essential for the development of natural killer T cell (NKT cell) effector functions. Discordant expression of YY1 and PLZF, therefore, might define NKT cell subsets with distinct effector functions. A subset of NKT cells was identified that expressed low levels of YY1. YY1lo NKT cells were found in all tissues, had a mature phenotype and, distinct from other NKT cells, expressed almost no ThPOK or Tbet. When activated, YY1lo NKT cells produced little IL-4 or IFN-γ. YY1lo NKT cells were found to constitutively transcribe IL-10 mRNA and, accordingly, produced IL-10 upon primary activation. Finally, we find that tumor infiltrating NKT cells are highly enriched for the YY1lo subset. Low YY1 expression, therefore, defines a previously unrecognized NKT cell subset that is committed to producing IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Darcy
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Lisa K Denzin
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Derek B Sant'Angelo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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11
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Abolarinwa BA, Ibrahim RB, Huang YH. Conceptual Development of Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Gastrointestinal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4624. [PMID: 31540435 PMCID: PMC6769557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy are the current treatments, but some patients do not derive clinical benefits. Recently, studies from cancer molecular subtyping have revealed that tumor molecular biomarkers may predict the immunotherapeutic response of GI cancer patients. However, the therapeutic response of patients selected by the predictive biomarkers is suboptimal. The tumor immune-microenvironment apparently plays a key role in modulating these molecular-determinant predictive biomarkers. Therefore, an understanding of the development and recent advances in immunotherapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting tumor immune-microenvironments and their potential predictive biomarkers will be helpful to strengthen patient immunotherapeutic efficacy. The current review focuses on an understanding of how the host-microenvironment interactions and the predictive biomarkers can determine the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The contribution of environmental pathogens and host immunity to GI cancer is summarized. A discussion regarding the clinical evidence of predictive biomarkers for clinical trial therapy design, current immunotherapeutic strategies, and the outcomes to GI cancer patients are highlighted. An understanding of the underlying mechanism can predict the immunotherapeutic efficacy and facilitate the future development of personalized therapeutic strategies targeting GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilikis Aderonke Abolarinwa
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ridwan Babatunde Ibrahim
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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12
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TRAF3IP3 at the trans-Golgi network regulates NKT2 maturation via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:395-406. [PMID: 31076725 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic natural killer T (NKT)2 cells are a subset of invariant NKT cells with PLZFhiGATA3hiIL-4+. The differentiation of NKT2 cells is not fully understood. In the present study, we report an important role of TRAF3-interacting protein 3 (TRAF3IP3) in the functional maturation and expansion of committed NKT2s in thymic medulla. Mice with T-cell-specific deletion of TRAF3IP3 had decreased thymic NKT2 cells, decreased IL-4-producing peripheral iNKTs, and defects in response to α-galactosylceramide. Positive selection and high PLZF expression in CD24+CD44- and CCR7+CD44- immature iNKTs were not affected. Only CD44hiNK1.1- iNKTs in Traf3ip3-/- mice showed reduced expression of Egr2, PLZF, and IL-17RB, decreased proliferation, and reduced IL-4 production upon stimulation. This Egr2 and IL-4 expression was augmented by MEK1/ERK activation in iNKTs, and TRAF3IP3 at the trans-Golgi network recruited MEK1 and facilitated ERK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. LTβR-regulated bone marrow-derived nonlymphoid cells in the medullary thymic microenvironment were required for MEK/ERK activation and NKT2 maturation. These data demonstrate an important functional maturation process in NKT2 differentiation that is regulated by MEK/ERK signaling at the trans-Golgi network.
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13
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Wang Y, Sedimbi SK, Löfbom L, Besra GS, Porcelli SA, Cardell SL. Promotion or Suppression of Murine Intestinal Polyp Development by iNKT Cell Directed Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:352. [PMID: 30881361 PMCID: PMC6405695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycosphingolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a well-described immune activator with strong anti-tumor properties in animal models. It is presented on CD1d and acts by stimulating the invariant, type I, natural killer T (iNKT) lymphocytes to rapidly secrete TH1 and TH2 associated cytokines. This in turn promotes activation of a diversity of immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells with anti-tumor functions. Prior to tumor development, iNKT cells can also perform tumor surveillance and naturally protect from emergence of cancer. In contrast, we have recently demonstrated that iNKT cells naturally promote polyps in the spontaneous murine adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) ApcMin/+ model for colon cancer, associated with suppressed TH1 immunity and enhanced immunoregulation. Here we investigated whether iNKT cell directed immunotherapy could subvert the polyp promoting function of iNKT cells and reduce polyp growth in this model. We treated ApcMin/+ mice with α-GalCer, or synthetic derivatives of this ligand (C-glycoside and C20:2) that have enhanced immunoregulatory properties. Treatment with iNKT cell ligands led to increased iNKT cell division, but reduced iNKT cell frequencies, lower NK1.1 expression and elevation of PD-1. ApcMin/+ mice that had been treated either long-term (5–15 weeks of age), or short-term (12–15 weeks of age) with α-GalCer demonstrated a significant decrease in polyp burden. Surprisingly, long-term treatment with the TH1 biasing ligand C-glycoside did not have significant effects on polyps, while long-term treatment with the TH2 biasing ligand C20:2 enhanced polyp growth. In stark contrast, short-term treatment with C20:2 led to reduction in polyp numbers and size. Reduced polyp burden after long-term treatment was associated with increased expression of genes indicating a pro-inflammatory polyp microenvironment. Polyp-reducing short-term treatment led to CD8 T cell activation specifically in polyps, and decreased tumor infiltrating and splenic macrophages, and a switch toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Thus, iNKT cell directed therapy could subvert the natural polyp enhancing function of iNKT cells, overcome immunosuppression, and reduce polyps. However, different iNKT cell activating ligands had opposite effects, and the timing of treatment had a major influence on outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saikiran K Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Löfbom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Susanna L Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Singh AK, Tripathi P, Cardell SL. Type II NKT Cells: An Elusive Population With Immunoregulatory Properties. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1969. [PMID: 30210505 PMCID: PMC6120993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are unique unconventional T cells that are reactive to lipid antigens presented on the non-polymorphic major histocompatibility class (MHC) I-like molecule CD1d. They have characteristics of both innate and adaptive immune cells, and have potent immunoregulatory roles in tumor immunity, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. Based on their T cell receptor (TCR) expression, NKT cells are divided into two subsets, type I NKT cells with an invariant TCRα-chain (Vα24 in humans, Vα14 in mice) and type II NKT cells with diverse TCRs. While type I NKT cells are well-studied, knowledge about type II NKT cells is still limited, and it is to date only possible to identify subsets of this population. However, recent advances have shown that both type I and type II NKT cells play important roles in many inflammatory situations, and can sometimes regulate the functions of each other. Type II NKT cells can be both protective and pathogenic. Here, we review current knowledge on type II NKT cells and their functions in different disease settings and how these cells can influence immunological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanna L Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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