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Mihai A, Lee SY, Shinton S, Parker MI, Contreras AV, Zhang B, Rhodes M, Dunbrack RL, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Ciofani M, Zhuang Y, Wiest DL. E proteins control the development of NKγδT cells through their invariant T cell receptor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5078. [PMID: 38871720 PMCID: PMC11176164 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling regulates important developmental transitions, partly through induction of the E protein antagonist, Id3. Although normal γδ T cell development depends on Id3, Id3 deficiency produces different phenotypes in distinct γδ T cell subsets. Here, we show that Id3 deficiency impairs development of the Vγ3+ subset, while markedly enhancing development of NKγδT cells expressing the invariant Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR. These effects result from Id3 regulating both the generation of the Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR and its capacity to support development. Indeed, the Trav15 segment, which encodes the Vδ6.3 TCR subunit, is directly bound by E proteins that control its expression. Once expressed, the Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR specifies the innate-like NKγδT cell fate, even in progenitors beyond the normally permissive perinatal window, and this is enhanced by Id3-deficiency. These data indicate that the paradoxical behavior of NKγδT cells in Id3-deficient mice is determined by its stereotypic Vγ1Vδ6.3 TCR complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Mihai
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sang-Yun Lee
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan Shinton
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mitchell I Parker
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Baojun Zhang
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michele Rhodes
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Maria Ciofani
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Immunology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David L Wiest
- Nuclear Dynamics and Cancer Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Li D, Quan Z, Ni J, Li H, Qing H. The many faces of the zinc finger protein 335 in brain development and immune system. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115257. [PMID: 37541176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 335 (ZNF335) plays a crucial role in the methylation and, consequently, regulates the expression of a specific set of genes. Variants of the ZNF335 gene have been identified as risk factors for microcephaly in a variety of populations worldwide. Meanwhile, ZNF335 has also been identified as an essential regulator of T-cell development. However, an in-depth understanding of the role of ZNF335 in brain development and T cell maturation is still lacking. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of ZNF335 in neuronal and T cell development across a wide range of pre-clinical, post-mortem, ex vivo, in vivo, and clinical studies. We also review the current limitations regarding the study of the pathophysiological functions of ZNF335. Finally, we hypothesize a potential role for ZNF335 in brain disorders and discuss the rationale of targeting ZNF335 as a therapeutic strategy for preventing brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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3
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Mihai A, Roy S, Krangel MS, Zhuang Y. E protein binding at the Tcra enhancer promotes Tcra repertoire diversity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188738. [PMID: 37483636 PMCID: PMC10358851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
V(D)J recombination of antigen receptor loci is a highly developmentally regulated process. During T lymphocyte development, recombination of the Tcra gene occurs in CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes and requires the Tcra enhancer (Eα). E proteins are known regulators of DP thymocyte development and have three identified binding sites in Eα. To understand the contribution of E proteins to Eα function, mutants lacking one or two of the respective binding sites were generated. The double-binding site mutant displayed a partial block at the positive selection stage of αβ T cell development. Further investigation revealed loss of germline transcription within the Tcra locus at the Jα array, along with dysregulated primary and impaired secondary Vα-Jα rearrangement. Eα E protein binding increases Tcra locus accessibility and regulates TCRα recombination, thus directly promoting Tcra repertoire diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael S. Krangel
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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4
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Ratiu JJ, Barclay WE, Lin E, Wang Q, Wellford S, Mehta N, Harnois MJ, DiPalma D, Roy S, Contreras AV, Shinohara ML, Wiest D, Zhuang Y. Loss of Zfp335 triggers cGAS/STING-dependent apoptosis of post-β selection thymocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5901. [PMID: 36202870 PMCID: PMC9537144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of a functional peripheral T cell compartment typically involves massive expansion of the bone marrow progenitors that seed the thymus. There are two main phases of expansion during T cell development, following T lineage commitment of double-negative (DN) 2 cells and after successful rearrangement and selection for functional TCRβ chains in DN3 thymocytes, which promotes the transition of DN4 cells to the DP stage. The signals driving the expansion of DN2 thymocytes are well studied. However, factors regulating the proliferation and survival of DN4 cells remain poorly understood. Here, we uncover an unexpected link between the transcription factor Zfp335 and control of cGAS/STING-dependent cell death in post-β-selection DN4 thymocytes. Zfp335 controls survival by sustaining expression of Ankle2, which suppresses cGAS/STING-dependent cell death. Together, this study identifies Zfp335 as a key transcription factor regulating the survival of proliferating post-β-selection thymocytes and demonstrates a key role for the cGAS/STING pathway in driving apoptosis of developing T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Ratiu
- Duke University, Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | | | - Elliot Lin
- Duke University, Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Qun Wang
- Duke University, Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Naren Mehta
- Duke University, Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Devon DiPalma
- Duke University, Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sumedha Roy
- Duke University, Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Alejandra V Contreras
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Duke University, Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Duke University, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - David Wiest
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Duke University, Department of Immunology, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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5
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Aubrey M, Warburg ZJ, Murre C. Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins in Adaptive Immune Development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881656. [PMID: 35634342 PMCID: PMC9134016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The E/ID protein axis is instrumental for defining the developmental progression and functions of hematopoietic cells. The E proteins are dimeric transcription factors that activate gene expression programs and coordinate changes in chromatin organization. Id proteins are antagonists of E protein activity. Relative levels of E/Id proteins are modulated throughout hematopoietic development to enable the progression of hematopoietic stem cells into multiple adaptive and innate immune lineages including natural killer cells, B cells and T cells. In early progenitors, the E proteins promote commitment to the T and B cell lineages by orchestrating lineage specific programs of gene expression and regulating VDJ recombination of antigen receptor loci. In mature B cells, the E/Id protein axis functions to promote class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation. E protein activity further regulates differentiation into distinct CD4+ and CD8+ T cells subsets and instructs mature T cell immune responses. In this review, we discuss how the E/Id proteins define the adaptive immune system lineages, focusing on their role in directing developmental gene programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Aubrey
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Zachary J Warburg
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Cornelis Murre
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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6
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Hidaka R, Miyazaki K, Miyazaki M. The E-Id Axis Instructs Adaptive Versus Innate Lineage Cell Fate Choice and Instructs Regulatory T Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890056. [PMID: 35603170 PMCID: PMC9120639 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are primarily mediated by adaptive and innate immune cells. Adaptive immune cells, such as T and B cells, evoke antigen-specific responses through the recognition of specific antigens. This antigen-specific recognition relies on the V(D)J recombination of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes mediated by recombination-activating gene (Rag)1 and Rag2 (Rag1/2). In addition, T and B cells employ cell type-specific developmental pathways during their activation processes, and the regulation of these processes is strictly regulated by the transcription factor network. Among these factors, members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor mammalian E protein family, including E12, E47, E2-2, and HEB, orchestrate multiple adaptive immune cell development, while their antagonists, Id proteins (Id1-4), function as negative regulators. It is well established that a majority of T and B cell developmental trajectories are regulated by the transcriptional balance between E and Id proteins (the E-Id axis). E2A is critically required not only for B cell but also for T cell lineage commitment, whereas Id2 and Id3 enforce the maintenance of naïve T cells and naïve regulatory T (Treg) cells. Here, we review the current knowledge of E- and Id-protein function in T cell lineage commitment and Treg cell differentiation.
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7
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Dauphars DJ, Mihai A, Wang L, Zhuang Y, Krangel MS. Trav15-dv6 family Tcrd rearrangements diversify the Tcra repertoire. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212913. [PMID: 34910107 PMCID: PMC8679779 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tcra repertoire is generated by multiple rounds of Vα-Jα rearrangement. However, Tcrd recombination precedes Tcra recombination within the complex Tcra-Tcrd locus. Here, by ablating Tcrd recombination, we report that Tcrd rearrangement broadens primary Vα use to diversify the Tcra repertoire in mice. We reveal that use of Trav15-dv6 family V gene segments in Tcrd recombination imparts diversity in the Tcra repertoire by instigating use of central and distal Vα segments. Moreover, disruption of the regions containing these genes and their cis-regulatory elements identifies the Trav15-dv6 family as being responsible for driving central and distal Vα recombinations beyond their roles as substrates for Tcrd recombination. Our study demonstrates an indispensable role for Tcrd recombination in general, and the Trav15-dv6 family in particular, in the generation of a combinatorially diverse Tcra repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariana Mihai
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Liuyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Michael S Krangel
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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8
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Spidale NA, Frascoli M, Kang J. γδTCR-independent origin of neonatal γδ T cells prewired for IL-17 production. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 58:60-67. [PMID: 31128446 PMCID: PMC7147991 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A classical view of T cell lineages consists of two major clades of T cells expressing either the αβ or γδ T cell receptor (TCR). However, genome-wide assessments indicate molecular clusters segregating T cell subsets that are preprogrammed for effector function (innate) from those that mediate conventional adaptive response, regardless of the TCR types. Within this paradigm, γδ T cells remain the prototypic innate-like lymphocytes, many subsets of which are programmed during intrathymic development for committed peripheral tissue localization and effector responses. Emerging evidence for innate γδ T cell lineage choice dictated by developmental gene programs rather than the sensory TCR is discussed in this review.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity/immunology
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Spidale
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Pathology, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Michela Frascoli
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Pathology, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Pathology, Worcester, MA, United States.
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9
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Differences in the molecular signatures of mucosal-associated invariant T cells and conventional T cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7094. [PMID: 31068647 PMCID: PMC6506535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells exhibit different characteristics from those of TCRα7.2− conventional T cells. They play important roles in various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. MAIT cells express a single T cell receptor alpha chain, TCRα7.2 segment associated with Jα33 and CDR3 with fixed length, which recognizes bacteria-derived vitamin B metabolites. However, the characteristics of MAIT cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells have never been compared. Here, we performed RNA sequencing to compare the properties of MAIT cells, TCRα7.2− conventional T cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells. Genome-wide transcriptomes of MAIT cells, TCRα7.2− conventional T cells, and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells were compared and analyzed using causal network analysis. This is the first report comparing the transcriptomes of MAIT cells, TCRα7.2− conventional T cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells. We also identified the predominant signaling pathways of MAIT cells, which differed from those of TCRα7.2− conventional T cells and TCRα7.2+ CD161− T cells, through a gene set enrichment test and upstream regulator analysis and identified the genes responsible for the characteristic MAIT cell phenotypes. Our study advances the complete understanding of MAIT biology.
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10
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Dashtsoodol N, Bortoluzzi S, Schmidt-Supprian M. T Cell Receptor Expression Timing and Signal Strength in the Functional Differentiation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:841. [PMID: 31080448 PMCID: PMC6497757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD1d-restricted Vα14 invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage in mice (Vα24 in humans) represents an evolutionary conserved innate-like immune cell type that recognizes glycolipid antigens. Because of their unique ability to promptly secrete copious amounts of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, typically produced by different T helper cell types, iNKT cells are implicated in the regulation of various pathologic conditions such as infection, allergy, autoimmune disease, maintenance of transplantation tolerance, and cancer. This striking multifaceted role in immune regulation is correlated with the presence of multiple functionally distinct iNKT cell subsets that can be distinguished based on the expression of characteristic surface markers and transcription factors. However, to date it, remains largely unresolved how this puzzling diversity of iNKT cell functional subsets emerges and what factors dictate the type of effector cell differentiation during the thymic differentiation considering the mono-specific nature of their T cell receptor (TCR) and their selecting molecule CD1d. Here, we summarize recent findings focusing on the role of TCR-mediated signaling and discuss possible mechanisms that may influence the sub-lineage choice of iNKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyambayar Dashtsoodol
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sabrina Bortoluzzi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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