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Matthe DM, Dinkel M, Schmid B, Vogler T, Neurath MF, Poeck H, Neufert C, Büttner-Herold M, Hildner K. Novel T cell/organoid culture system allows ex vivo modeling of intestinal graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1253514. [PMID: 37705975 PMCID: PMC10495981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains the biggest clinical challenge and prognosis-determining complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Donor T cells are acceptedly key mediators of alloreactivity against host tissues and here especially the gut. In support of previous studies, we found that the intestinal intra-epithelial lymphocyte (IEL) compartment was dynamically regulated in the course of MHC class I full mismatch allo-HSCT. However, while intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) damage endangers the integrity of the intestinal barrier and is a core signature of intestinal GvHD, the question whether and to what degree IELs are contributing to IEC dysregulation is poorly understood. To study lymphoepithelial interaction, we employed a novel ex vivo T cell/organoid co-culture model system. Here, allogeneic intra-epithelial T cells were superior in inducing IEC death compared to syngeneic IEL and allogeneic non-IEL T cells. The ability to induce IEC death was predominately confined to TCRβ+ T cells and was executed in a largely IFNγ-dependent manner. Alloreactivity required a diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire since IELs genetically modified to express a TCR restricted to a single, non-endogenous antigen failed to mediate IEC pathology. Interestingly, minor histocompatibility antigen (miHA) mismatch was sufficient to elicit IEL-driven IEC damage. Finally, advanced live cell imaging analyses uncovered that alloreactive IELs patrolled smaller areas within intestinal organoids compared to syngeneic controls, indicating their unique migratory properties within allogeneic IECs. Together, we provide here experimental evidence for the utility of a co-culture system to model the cellular and molecular characteristics of the crosstalk between IELs and IEC in an allogeneic setting ex vivo. In the light of the emerging concept of dysregulated immune-epithelial homeostasis as a core aspect of intestinal GvHD, this approach represents a novel experimental system to e.g. screen therapeutic strategies for their potential to normalize T cell/IEC- interaction. Hence, analyses in pre-clinical in vivo allo-HSCT model systems may be restricted to hereby positively selected, promising approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Matthe
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Dinkel
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schmid
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen (OICE), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tina Vogler
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Neufert
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) and University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai Hildner
- Department of Medicine 1, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Harris R, Karimi M. Dissecting the regulatory network of transcription factors in T cell phenotype/functioning during GVHD and GVT. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1194984. [PMID: 37441063 PMCID: PMC10333690 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1194984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors play a major role in regulation and orchestration of immune responses. The immunological context of the response can alter the regulatory networks required for proper functioning. While these networks have been well-studied in canonical immune contexts like infection, the transcription factor landscape during alloactivation remains unclear. This review addresses how transcription factors contribute to the functioning of mature alloactivated T cells. This review will also examine how these factors form a regulatory network to control alloresponses, with a focus specifically on those factors expressed by and controlling activity of T cells of the various subsets involved in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-tumor (GVT) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Harris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Mobin Karimi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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Wang S, Wang D, Chang Y, Geng L, Qiang P, Sun G, Tang B, Zhao X, Zhou Z, Liu H. Elevated RAP1A expression correlates with the severity of acute GVHD after umbilical cord blood transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2022; 71:101546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Park S, Griesenauer B, Jiang H, Adom D, Mehrpouya-Bahrami P, Chakravorty S, Kazemian M, Imam T, Srivastava R, Hayes TA, Pardo J, Janga SC, Paczesny S, Kaplan MH, Olson MR. Granzyme A-producing T helper cells are critical for acute graft-versus-host disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:124465. [PMID: 32809971 PMCID: PMC7526544 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) can occur after hematopoietic cell transplant in patients undergoing treatment for hematological malignancies or inborn errors. Although CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play a major role in aGVHD, the mechanisms by which they contribute, particularly within the intestines, have remained elusive. We have identified a potentially novel subset of Th cells that accumulated in the intestines and produced the serine protease granzyme A (GrA). GrA+ Th cells were distinct from other Th lineages and exhibited a noncytolytic phenotype. In vitro, GrA+ Th cells differentiated in the presence of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-21 and were transcriptionally unique from cells cultured with either IL-4 or the IL-6/IL-21 combination alone. In vivo, both STAT3 and STAT6 were required for GrA+ Th cell differentiation and played roles in maintenance of the lineage identity. Importantly, GrA+ Th cells promoted aGVHD-associated morbidity and mortality and contributed to crypt destruction within intestines but were not required for the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia effect. Our data indicate that GrA+ Th cells represent a distinct Th subset and are critical mediators of aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungtae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Brad Griesenauer
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Djamilatou Adom
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Srishti Chakravorty
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tanbeena Imam
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and
| | - Rajneesh Srivastava
- Department of Biohealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tristan A Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and
| | - Julian Pardo
- Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Department of Microbiology, Preventative Medicine and Public Health, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), Aragon I+D Foundation, IIS Aragon/University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sarath Chandra Janga
- Department of Biohealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sophie Paczesny
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics and Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew R Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Resolution of acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:655-664. [PMID: 31673757 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (allo-HCT) represents an increasingly employed therapeutic approach to potentially cure patients suffering from life-threatening malignant and autoimmune disorders. Despite its lifesaving potential, immune-mediated allo-reactivity inherent to the allogeneic transplantation can be observed within up to 50% of all allo-HCT patients regularly resulting in the manifestation of acute and/or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Mechanistically, especially donor T cells are assumed to chiefly drive inflammation that can occur in virtually all organs, with the skin, liver, and gut representing as the most frequently affected anatomic sites. Especially in the presence of intestinal manifestations of GvHD, the risk that the disease takes a life-threatening, potentially fatal course is significantly increased. In the light of a rapid gain of knowledge in respect to decode innate and adaptive immunity related mechanisms as, e.g., cytokine networks, intracellular signaling pathways or environmental triggers as, e.g., the intestinal microbiota and the development of novel therapeutic approaches, detailed insight into endogenous mechanisms seeking to counterbalance the proinflammatory machinery or to proactively foster signals promoting the resolution of allo-driven intestinal inflammation is emerging. Here, we seek to highlight the key aspects of those mechanisms involved in and contributing to the resolution of GvHD-associated intestinal inflammation. Concomitantly, we would like to briefly outline and discuss promising future experimental targets suitable to be therapeutically employed to directionally deflect the tissue response from a proinflammatory to an inflammation-resolving type of intestinal GvHD after allo-HCT.
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Bastian D, Wu Y, Betts BC, Yu XZ. The IL-12 Cytokine and Receptor Family in Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:988. [PMID: 31139181 PMCID: PMC6518430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is performed with curative intent for high- risk blood cancers and bone marrow failure syndromes; yet the development of acute and chronic graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) remain preeminent causes of death and morbidity. The IL-12 family of cytokines is comprised of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, and IL-39. This family of cytokines is biologically distinct in that they are composed of functional heterodimers, which bind to cognate heterodimeric receptor chains expressed on T cells. Of these, IL-12 and IL-23 share a common β cytokine subunit, p40, as well as a receptor chain: IL-12Rβ1. IL-12 and IL-23 have been documented as proinflammatory mediators of GVHD, responsible for T helper 1 (Th1) differentiation and T helper 17 (Th17) stabilization, respectively. The role of IL-27 is less defined, seemingly immune suppressive via IL-10 secretion by Type 1 regulatory (Tr1) cells yet promoting inflammation through impairing CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) development and/or enhancing Th1 differentiation. More recently, IL-35 was described as a potent anti-inflammatory agent produced by regulatory B and T cells. The role of the newest member, IL-39, has been implicated in proinflammatory B cell responses but has not been explored in the context of allo-HCT. This review is directed at discussing the current literature relevant to each IL-12-family cytokine and cognate receptor engagement, as well as the consequential downstream signaling implications, during GVHD pathogenesis. Additionally, we will provide an overview of translational strategies targeting the IL-12 family cytokines, their receptors, and subsequent signal transduction to control GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bastian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Brian C Betts
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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