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Smith CT, Wang Z, Lewis JS. Engineering antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of autoimmunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115329. [PMID: 38729265 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are burdensome conditions that affect a significant fraction of the global population. The hallmark of autoimmune disease is a host's immune system being licensed to attack its tissues based on specific antigens. There are no cures for autoimmune diseases. The current clinical standard for treating autoimmune diseases is the administration of immunosuppressants, which weaken the immune system and reduce auto-inflammatory responses. However, people living with autoimmune diseases are subject to toxicity, fail to mount a sufficient immune response to protect against pathogens, and are more likely to develop infections. Therefore, there is a concerted effort to develop more effective means of targeting immunomodulatory therapies to antigen-presenting cells, which are involved in modulating the immune responses to specific antigens. In this review, we highlight approaches that are currently in development to target antigen-presenting cells and improve therapeutic outcomes in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton T Smith
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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2
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Kamii Y, Hayashizaki K, Kanno T, Chiba A, Ikegami T, Saito M, Akeda Y, Ohteki T, Kubo M, Yoshida K, Kawakami K, Oishi K, Araya J, Kuwano K, Kronenberg M, Endo Y, Kinjo Y. IL-27 regulates the differentiation of follicular helper NKT cells via metabolic adaptation of mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313964121. [PMID: 38394242 PMCID: PMC10907256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313964121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that express an invariant T cell receptor α chain and contribute to bridging innate and acquired immunity with rapid production of large amounts of cytokines after stimulation. Among effecter subsets of iNKT cells, follicular helper NKT (NKTFH) cells are specialized to help B cells. However, the mechanisms of NKTFH cell differentiation remain to be elucidated. In this report, we studied the mechanism of NKTFH cell differentiation induced by pneumococcal surface protein A and α-galactosylceramide (P/A) vaccination. We found that Gr-1+ cells helped iNKT cell proliferation and NKTFH cell differentiation in the spleen by producing interleukin-27 (IL-27) in the early phase after vaccination. The neutralization of IL-27 impaired NKTFH cell differentiation, which resulted in compromised antibody production and diminished protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by the P/A vaccine. Our data indicated that Gr-1+ cell-derived IL-27 stimulated mitochondrial metabolism, meeting the energic demand required for iNKT cells to differentiate into NKTFH cells. Interestingly, Gr-1+ cell-derived IL-27 was induced by iNKT cells via interferon-γ production. Collectively, our findings suggest that optimizing the metabolism of iNKT cells was essential for acquiring specific effector functions, and they provide beneficial knowledge on iNKT cell-mediated vaccination-mediated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kamii
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Koji Hayashizaki
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba292-0818, Japan
| | - Akio Chiba
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Taku Ikegami
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Saito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo162-8640, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo113-8510, Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba278-0022, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi980-8575, Japan
| | | | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA92037
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Frontier Research and Development, Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba292-0818, Japan
| | - Yuki Kinjo
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo105-8461, Japan
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3
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Lutshumba J, Wilcock DM, Monson NL, Stowe AM. Sex-based differences in effector cells of the adaptive immune system during Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 184:106202. [PMID: 37330146 PMCID: PMC10481581 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) present with many challenges due to the heterogeneity of the related disease(s), making it difficult to develop effective treatments. Additionally, the progression of ADRD-related pathologies presents differently between men and women. With two-thirds of the population affected with ADRD being women, ADRD has presented itself with a bias toward the female population. However, studies of ADRD generally do not incorporate sex-based differences in investigating the development and progression of the disease, which is detrimental to understanding and treating dementia. Additionally, recent implications for the adaptive immune system in the development of ADRD bring in new factors to be considered as part of the disease, including sex-based differences in immune response(s) during ADRD development. Here, we review the sex-based differences of pathological hallmarks of ADRD presentation and progression, sex-based differences in the adaptive immune system and how it changes with ADRD, and the importance of precision medicine in the development of a more targeted and personalized treatment for this devastating and prevalent neurodegenerative condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Donna M Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Center for Advanced Translational Stroke Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America.
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4
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Furuta A, Coleman M, Casares R, Seepersaud R, Orvis A, Brokaw A, Quach P, Nguyen S, Sweeney E, Sharma K, Wallen G, Sanghavi R, Mateos-Gil J, Cuerva JM, Millán A, Rajagopal L. CD1 and iNKT cells mediate immune responses against the GBS hemolytic lipid toxin induced by a non-toxic analog. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011490. [PMID: 37384812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hemolytic lipids have been discovered from many human pathogens including Group B Streptococcus (GBS), strategies that neutralize their function are lacking. GBS is a leading cause of pregnancy-associated neonatal infections, and adult GBS infections are on the rise. The GBS hemolytic lipid toxin or granadaene, is cytotoxic to many immune cells including T and B cells. We previously showed that mice immunized with a synthetic nontoxic analog of granadaene known as R-P4 had reduced bacterial dissemination during systemic infection. However, mechanisms important for R-P4 mediated immune protection was not understood. Here, we show that immune serum from R-P4-immunized mice facilitate GBS opsonophagocytic killing and protect naïve mice from GBS infection. Further, CD4+ T cells isolated from R-P4-immunized mice proliferated in response to R-P4 stimulation in a CD1d- and iNKT cell-dependent manner. Consistent with these observations, R-P4 immunized mice lacking CD1d or CD1d-restricted iNKT cells exhibit elevated bacterial burden. Additionally, adoptive transfer of iNKT cells from R-P4 vaccinated mice significantly reduced GBS dissemination compared to adjuvant controls. Finally, maternal R-P4 vaccination provided protection against ascending GBS infection during pregnancy. These findings are relevant in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting lipid cytotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Furuta
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Raquel Casares
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ravin Seepersaud
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Austyn Orvis
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Brokaw
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Phoenicia Quach
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shayla Nguyen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erin Sweeney
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Grace Wallen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rhea Sanghavi
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jaime Mateos-Gil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Alba Millán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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5
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Kushwaha V, Capalash N. Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of recombinant histidyl-tRNA synthetase (rLdHisRS) protein of Leishmania donovani as a vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2023; 241:106867. [PMID: 36878386 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is neglected tropical protozoan disease caused by Leishmania donovani and are associated with high fatality rate in developing countries since prophylactic vaccines are not available. In the present study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory potential of L. donovani histidyl-tRNA synthetase (LdHisRS) and predicted the epitopes using immunoinformatic tools. Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS) is a class IIa aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase enzyme (aaRS) required for histidine incorporation into proteins during protein synthesis. The recombinant LdHisRS protein (rLdHisRS) was expressed in E coli BL-21cells, and its immunomodulatory role was assessed in J774A.1 murine macrophage and in BALB/c mice, respectively. LdHisRS specifically stimulated and triggered enhance cell proliferation, nitric oxide release and IFN-γ (70%; P < 0.001), and IL-12 (55.37%; P < 0.05) cytokine release in vitro, whereas BALB/c mice immunized with rLdHisRS show higher NO release (80.95%; P<0.001), higher levels of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ (14%; P < 0.05), TNF-α (34.93%; P < 0.001), and IL-12 (28.49%; P < 0.001) and robust IgG (p<0.001) and IgG2a (p<0.001) production. We also identified 20 Helper T-lymphocytes (HTLs), 30 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and 18 B-cell epitopes from HisRS protein of L. donovani. All these epitopes can be further used to make a multiepitope vaccine against L. donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kushwaha
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, South Campus, Chandigarh 160025, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, South Campus, Chandigarh 160025, India.
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6
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Qu HQ, Kao C, Garifallou J, Wang F, Snyder J, Slater DJ, Hou C, March M, Connolly JJ, Glessner JT, Hakonarson H. Single Cell Transcriptome Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Freshly Isolated versus Stored Blood Samples. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:142. [PMID: 36672883 PMCID: PMC9859202 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are widely used as a model in the study of different human diseases. There is often a time delay from blood collection to PBMC isolation during the sampling process, which can result in an experimental bias, particularly when performing single cell RNA-seq (scRNAseq) studies. METHODS This study examined the impact of different time periods from blood draw to PBMC isolation on the subsequent transcriptome profiling of different cell types in PBMCs by scRNAseq using the 10X Chromium Single Cell Gene Expression assay. RESULTS Examining the five major cell types constituting the PBMC cell population, i.e., CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, monocytes, and B cells, both common changes and cell-type-specific changes were observed in the single cell transcriptome profiling over time. In particular, the upregulation of genes regulated by NF-kB in response to TNF was observed in all five cell types. Significant changes in key genes involved in AP-1 signaling were also observed. RBC contamination was a major issue in stored blood, whereas RBC adherence had no direct impact on the cell transcriptome. CONCLUSIONS Significant transcriptome changes were observed across different PBMC cell types as a factor of time from blood draw to PBMC isolation and as a consequence of blood storage. This should be kept in mind when interpreting experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Qu
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlly Kao
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Garifallou
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fengxiang Wang
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Snyder
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diana J. Slater
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cuiping Hou
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael March
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John J. Connolly
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph T. Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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7
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Early Activation of iNKT Cells Increased Survival Time of BALB/c Mice in a Murine Model of Melioidosis. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0026822. [PMID: 36374098 PMCID: PMC9753712 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00268-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. High interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels in naive mice were reported to mediate protection against B. pseudomallei infection. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells can produce and secrete several cytokines, including IFN-γ. When iNKT cell-knockout (KO) BALB/c mice were infected with B. pseudomallei, their survival time was significantly shorter than wild-type mice. Naive BALB/c mice pretreated intraperitoneally with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), an iNKT cell activator, 24 h before infection demonstrated 62.5% survival at the early stage, with prolonged survival time compared to nonpretreated infected control mice (14 ± 1 days versus 6 ± 1 days, respectively). At 4 h after injection with α-GalCer, treated mice showed significantly higher levels of serum IFN-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-12 than control mice. Interestingly, the IFN-γ levels in the α-GalCer-pretreated group were decreased at 4, 24, and 48 h after infection, while they were highly increased in the control group. At 24 h postinfection in the α-GalCer group, bacterial loads were significantly lower in blood (no growth and 1,780.00 ± 51.21, P < 0.0001), spleens (no growth and 34,300 ± 1,106.04, P < 0.0001), and livers (1,550 ± 68.72 and 13,400 ± 1,066.67, P < 0.0001) than in the control group, but not in the lungs (15,300 ± 761.10 and 1,320 ± 41.63, P < 0.0001), and almost all were negative at 48 h postinfection. This study for the first time shows that early activation of iNKT cells by α-GalCer helps clearance of B. pseudomallei and prolongs mouse survival.
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8
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Oberemok VV, Andreeva OA, Laikova KV, Novikov IA, Kubyshkin AV. Post-genomic platform for development of oligonucleotide vaccines against RNA viruses: diamond cuts diamond. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:729-739. [PMID: 35523969 PMCID: PMC9075145 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has starkly demonstrated the need to create highly effective vaccines against various viral diseases. The emerging new platforms for vaccine creation (adenovirus vectors and mRNA vaccines) have shown their worth in the fight against the prevention of coronavirus infection. However, adenovirus vectors and mRNA vaccines have a serious disadvantage: as a rule, only the S protein of the coronavirus is presented as an antigen. This tactic for preventing infection allows the ever-mutating virus to escape quickly from the immunity protection provided by such vaccines. Today, viral genomic databases are well-developed, which makes it possible to create new vaccines on a fundamentally new post-genomic platform. In addition, the technology for the synthesis of nucleic acids is currently experiencing an upsurge in demand in various fields of molecular biology. The accumulated experience suggests that the unique genomic sequences of viruses can act as antigens that trigger powerful humoral and cellular immunity. To achieve this effect, the following conditions must be created: the structure of the nucleic acid must be single-stranded, have a permanent 3D nanostructure, and have a unique sequence absent in the vaccinated organism. Oligonucleotide vaccines are able to resist the rapidly changing genomic sequences of RNA viruses by using conserved regions of their genomes to generate a long-term immune response, acting according to the adage that a diamond cuts a diamond. In addition, oligonucleotide vaccines will not contribute to antibody-dependent enhanced infection, since the nucleic acid of the coronavirus is inside the viral particle. It is obvious that new epidemics and pandemics caused by RNA viruses will continue to arise periodically in the human population. The creation of new, safe, and effective platforms for the production of vaccines that can flexibly change and adapt to new subtypes of viruses is very urgent and at this moment should be considered as a strategically necessary task.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Oberemok
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea.
- Engineering Center 'Genetic and Cell Biotechnologies', V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - O A Andreeva
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
- Engineering Center 'Genetic and Cell Biotechnologies', V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
| | - K V Laikova
- Biochemistry Department, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
| | - I A Novikov
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
| | - A V Kubyshkin
- Engineering Center 'Genetic and Cell Biotechnologies', V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
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9
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Velayutham TS, Ivanciuc T, Garofalo RP, Casola A. Role of human metapneumovirus glycoprotein G in modulation of immune responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:962925. [PMID: 35958551 PMCID: PMC9357950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.962925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important pathogen responsible for acute respiratory tract infections in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients, with no effective treatment or vaccine currently available. Knowledge of virus- and host-specific mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of hMPV infection is still limited. Studies have shown that hMPV surface glycoprotein G is an important virulence factor, by inhibiting innate immune signaling in airway epithelial cells and immune cells. In this study, we investigated the role of G protein in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses in mice infected with a recombinant virus with deletion of G protein (rhMPV-ΔG). Results show that rhMPV-ΔG was strongly attenuated, as it did not induce significant clinical disease, airway obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), compared to infection with a control strain (rhMPV-WT). By analysis of cells in bronchoalveolar fluid and lung tissue, as well as cytokine production, we found that G protein mediates aspects of both innate and adaptive immune responses, including neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and B cells. Lung T cells recruited in response to rhMPV-ΔG had a significantly higher activated phenotype compared to those present after rhMPV-WT infection. Despite highly attenuation characterized by low levels of replication in the lung, rhMPV-ΔG was able to induce neutralizing antibodies and to protect mice from a secondary hMPV challenge. However, challenged mice that had received rhMPV-ΔG as primary infection showed some signs of lung disease at the earliest time points, which were less evident in mice that had received the rhMPV-WT strain as primary infection. These results demonstrate some of the mechanisms by which G protein could contribute to airway disease and modulate immune response to hMPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teodora Ivanciuc
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Roberto P. Garofalo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Antonella Casola, ; Roberto P. Garofalo,
| | - Antonella Casola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Antonella Casola, ; Roberto P. Garofalo,
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10
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An EK, Hwang J, Kim SJ, Park HB, Zhang W, Ryu JH, You S, Jin JO. Comparison of the immune activation capacities of fucoidan and laminarin extracted from Laminaria japonica. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:230-242. [PMID: 35337909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Laminaria japonica is a brown alga and is composed primarily of polysaccharides. Fucoidan and laminarin are the major polysaccharides of L. japonica and exhibit biological activities, including immune modulation and anti-coagulant and antioxidant effects in animals and humans. In this study, we evaluated the ability of fucoidan and laminarin from L. japonica to induce immune cell activation and anti-cancer immunity, which has not yet been studied. The injection of fucoidan to mice promoted the upregulation of major histocompatibility complex and surface activation molecules in splenic dendritic cell subsets, whereas laminarin showed a weaker immune activation ability. In addition, fucoidan treatment elicited inflammatory cytokine production; however, laminarin did not induce the production of these cytokines. Regarding cytotoxic cell activities, fucoidan induced the activation of lymphocytes, including natural killer and T cells, whereas laminarin did not induce cell activation. Finally, fucoidan enhanced the anticancer efficacy of anti-programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody against Lewis lung carcinoma, whereas laminarin did not promote the cancer inhibition effect of anti-PD-L1 antibody. Thus, these data suggest that fucoidan from L. japonica can be used as an immune stimulatory molecule to enhance the anticancer activities of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Koung An
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Hwang
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Bin Park
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ja-Hyoung Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Khan MA, Malik A, Alruwetei A, Alzohairy MA, Alhatlani BY, Al Rugaie O, Alhumaydhi FA, Khan A. Delivery of MERS antigen encapsulated in α-GalCer-bearing liposomes elicits stronger antigen-specific immune responses. J Drug Target 2022; 30:884-893. [PMID: 35418263 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2066681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) effectively activates the natural killer T (NKT) cells to secrete remarkable amounts of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and therefore, acts as a potential immunoadjuvant in vaccine formulation. In the present study, we prepared α-GalCer-bearing or α-GalCer-free liposomes and loaded them with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus papain-like protease (α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro or Lip- MERS-CoV PLpro). These formulations were injected in mice to investigate the antigen-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The immunization with α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro or Lip- MERS-CoV PLpro did not induce any notable toxicity in immunized mice. The results demonstrated that mice immunized with α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro showed greater antigen-specific antibody titer, switching of IgG isotyping to IgG2a subclass and higher lymphocyte proliferation. Moreover, the splenocytes from α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro immunized mice secreted greater levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-2 and IL-12. Interestingly, a booster dose induced stronger memory immune responses in mice previously immunized with α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro. In summary, α-GalCer-Lip-MERS-CoV PLpro may prove to be a promising vaccine formulation to protect the individuals against MERS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Alam Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Alruwetei
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alzohairy
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Y Alhatlani
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Applied College in Unayzah, Qassim University, Unayzah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unayzah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Hossian AKMN, Hackett CS, Brentjens RJ, Rafiq S. Multipurposing CARs: Same engine, different vehicles. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1381-1395. [PMID: 35151842 PMCID: PMC9077369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells genetically engineered to recognize and eliminate tumor cells through synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy against B cell leukemia over the past decade. This therapy is a form of highly personalized medicine that involves genetically modifying a patient's T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells. With the FDA approval of 5 CAR T cell products, this approach has been validated as a powerful new drug in the therapeutic armamentarium against cancer. Researchers are now studying how to expand this technology beyond its use in conventional polyclonal αβ T cells to address limitations to the current therapy in cancer and applications beyond it. Considering the specific characteristics of immune cell from diverse lineages, several preclinical and clinical studies are under way to assess the advantages of CAR-redirected function in these cells and apply the lessons learned from CAR T cell therapy in cancer to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Nawshad Hossian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher S Hackett
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
| | - Sarwish Rafiq
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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13
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Gwynne PJ, Clendenen LH, Turk SP, Marques AR, Hu LT. Antiphospholipid autoantibodies in Lyme disease arise after scavenging of host phospholipids by Borrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152506. [PMID: 35289310 PMCID: PMC8920326 DOI: 10.1172/jci152506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A close association with its vertebrate and tick hosts allows Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium responsible for Lyme disease, to eliminate many metabolic pathways and instead scavenge key nutrients from the host. A lipid-defined culture medium was developed to demonstrate that exogenous lipids are an essential nutrient of B. burgdorferi, which can accumulate intact phospholipids from its environment to support growth. Antibody responses to host phospholipids were studied in mice and humans using an antiphospholipid ELISA. Several of these environmentally acquired phospholipids including phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid, as well as borrelial phosphatidylcholine, are the targets of antibodies that arose early in infection in the mouse model. Patients with acute infections demonstrated antibody responses to the same lipids. The elevation of antiphospholipid antibodies predicted early infection with better sensitivity than did the standardized 2-tier tests currently used in diagnosis. Sera obtained from patients with Lyme disease before and after antibiotic therapy showed declining antiphospholipid titers after treatment. Further study will be required to determine whether these antibodies have utility in early diagnosis of Lyme disease, tracking of the response to therapy, and diagnosis of reinfection, areas in which current standardized tests are inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gwynne
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luke H Clendenen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Siu-Ping Turk
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adriana R Marques
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Linden T Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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iNKT cell agonists as vaccine adjuvants to combat infectious diseases. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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BARATI M, JABBARI M, FATHOLLAHI M, FATHOLLAHI A, KHAKI V, JAVANMARDI F, JAZAYERI SMHM, SHABANI M, DAVOODI SH, HUSEYN E, HADIAN Z, LORENZO JM, KHANEGHAH AM. Evaluation of different types of milk proteins-derived epitopes using in-silico tools: a primarily study to propose a new definition for bioactive peptides. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meisam BARATI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Vahid KHAKI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | - Mehdi SHABANI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein DAVOODI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Elcin HUSEYN
- Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Azerbaijan
| | - Zahra HADIAN
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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16
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Melo AM, Taher NAB, Doherty DG, Molloy EJ. The role of lymphocytes in neonatal encephalopathy. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100380. [PMID: 34755125 PMCID: PMC8560973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy is a syndrome characterised by abnormal neurological function often caused by a hypoxic insult during childbirth. Triggers such as hypoxia-ischaemia result in the release of cytokines and chemokines inducing the infiltration of neutrophils, natural killer cells, B cells, T cells and innate T cells into the brain. However, the role of these cells in the development of the brain injury is poorly understood. We review the mechanisms by which lymphocytes contribute to brain damage in NE. NK, T and innate T cells release proinflammatory cytokines contributing to the neurodegeneration in the secondary and tertiary phase of injury, whereas B cells and regulatory T cells produce IL-10 protecting the brain in NE. Targeting lymphocytes may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of NE in terms of management of inflammation and brain damage, particularly in the tertiary or persistent phases.
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Key Words
- Blood-brain barrier, BBB
- Hypoxia-ischaemia encephalopathy, HIE
- Hypoxia-ischaemia, HI
- Hypoxic-ischaemia
- Immune response
- Lymphocytes
- Neonatal encephalopathy
- Neonatal encephalopathy, NE
- Regulatory T cells, Tregs
- T cell receptors, TCRs
- T helper, Th
- Therapeutic hypothermia, TH
- White Matter Injury, WMI
- activating transcription factor-6, ATF6
- central nervous system, CNS
- granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF
- interleukin, IL
- major histocompatibility complex, MHC
- natural killer, NK cells
- tumour necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-α
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanty M. Melo
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Immunology Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Immunology Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nawal AB. Taher
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Immunology Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Immunology Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek G. Doherty
- Discipline of Immunology Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor J. Molloy
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Immunology Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Immunology Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Trinity Research in Childhood Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght & Crumlin, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of Neonatology & National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- Discipline of National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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17
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α-Galactosylceramide-Reactive NKT Cells Increase IgG1 Class Switch against a Clostridioides difficile Polysaccharide Antigen and Enhance Immunity against a Live Pathogen Challenge. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0043821. [PMID: 34424751 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00438-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All clinical Clostridioides difficile strains identified to date express a surface capsule-like polysaccharide structure known as polysaccharide II (PSII). The PSII antigen is immunogenic and, when conjugated to a protein carrier, induces a protective antibody response in animal models. Given that CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells promote antibody responses, including those against carbohydrates, we tested the hypothesis that immunization with PSII and a CD1d-binding glycolipid adjuvant could lead to enhanced protection against a live C. difficile challenge. We purified PSII from a clinical isolate of C. difficile and immunized B6 mice with PSII alone or PSII plus the CD1d-binding glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GC). PSII-specific IgM and IgG titers were evident in sera from immunized mice. The inclusion of α-GC had a modest influence on isotype switch but increased the IgG1/IgG2c ratio. Enhanced protection against C. difficile disease was achieved by inclusion of the α-GC ligand and was associated with reduced bacterial numbers in fecal pellets. In contrast, NKT-deficient Traj18-/- mice were not protected by the PSII/α-GC immunization modality. Absence of NKT cells similarly had a modest effect on isotype switch, but ratios of IgG1/IgG2c decreased. These results indicate that α-GC-driven NKT cells move the humoral immune response against C. difficile PSII antigen toward Th2-driven IgG1 and may contribute to augmented protection. This study suggests that NKT activation represents a pathway for additional B-cell help that could be used to supplement existing efforts to develop vaccines against polysaccharides derived from C. difficile and other pathogens.
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18
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Chakraborty D, Ivan C, Amero P, Khan M, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Başağaoğlu H, Lopez-Berestein G. Explainable Artificial Intelligence Reveals Novel Insight into Tumor Microenvironment Conditions Linked with Better Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3450. [PMID: 34298668 PMCID: PMC8303703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the data-driven relationship between immune cell composition in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the ≥5-year survival rates of breast cancer patients using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models. We acquired TCGA breast invasive carcinoma data from the cbioPortal and retrieved immune cell composition estimates from bulk RNA sequencing data from TIMER2.0 based on EPIC, CIBERSORT, TIMER, and xCell computational methods. Novel insights derived from our XAI model showed that B cells, CD8+ T cells, M0 macrophages, and NK T cells are the most critical TME features for enhanced prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our XAI model also revealed the inflection points of these critical TME features, above or below which ≥5-year survival rates improve. Subsequently, we ascertained the conditional probabilities of ≥5-year survival under specific conditions inferred from the inflection points. In particular, the XAI models revealed that the B cell fraction (relative to all cells in a sample) exceeding 0.025, M0 macrophage fraction (relative to the total immune cell content) below 0.05, and NK T cell and CD8+ T cell fractions (based on cancer type-specific arbitrary units) above 0.075 and 0.25, respectively, in the TME could enhance the ≥5-year survival in breast cancer patients. The findings could lead to accurate clinical predictions and enhanced immunotherapies, and to the design of innovative strategies to reprogram the breast TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaditya Chakraborty
- Department of Construction Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (P.A.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (P.A.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
| | - Maliha Khan
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (P.A.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.I.); (P.A.); (C.R.-A.); (G.L.-B.)
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Medved J, Knott BM, Tarrah SN, Li AN, Shah N, Moscovich TC, Boscia AR, Salazar JE, Santhanakrishnan M, Hendrickson JE, Fu X, Zimring JC, Luckey CJ. The lysophospholipid-binding molecule CD1D is not required for the alloimmunization response to fresh or stored RBCs in mice despite RBC storage driving alterations in lysophospholipids. Transfusion 2021; 61:2169-2178. [PMID: 34181769 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the significant adverse clinical consequences of RBC alloimmunization, our understanding of the signals that induce immune responses to transfused RBCs remains incomplete. Though RBC storage has been shown to enhance alloimmunization in the hen egg lysozyme, ovalbumin, and human Duffy (HOD) RBC alloantigen mouse model, the molecular signals leading to immune activation in this system remain unclear. Given that the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I molecule CD1D can bind to multiple different lysophospholipids and direct immune activation, we hypothesized that storage of RBCs increases lysophospholipids known to bind CD1D, and further that recipient CD1D recognition of these altered lipids mediates storage-induced alloimmunization responses. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We used a mass spectrometry-based approach to analyze the changes in lysophospholipids that are induced during storage of mouse RBCs. CD1D knockout (CD1D-KO) and wild-type (WT) control mice were transfused with stored HOD RBCs to measure the impact of CD1D deficiency on RBC alloimmunization. RESULTS RBC storage results in alterations in multiple lysophospholipid species known to bind to CD1D and activate the immune system. Prior to transfusion, CD1D-deficient mice had lower baseline levels of polyclonal immunoglobulin (IgG) relative to WT mice. In response to stored RBC transfusion, CD1D-deficient mice generated similar levels of anti-HOD IgM and anti-HOD IgG. CONCLUSION Although storage of RBCs leads to alteration of several lysophospholipids known to be capable of binding CD1D, storage-induced RBC alloimmunization responses are not impacted by recipient CD1D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Medved
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brittney M Knott
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Soraya N Tarrah
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andria N Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Neha Shah
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tamara C Moscovich
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexis R Boscia
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Juan E Salazar
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Jeanne E Hendrickson
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks NW Research Institute, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James C Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chance John Luckey
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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20
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Grabowska J, Stolk DA, Nijen Twilhaar MK, Ambrosini M, Storm G, van der Vliet HJ, de Gruijl TD, van Kooyk Y, den Haan JM. Liposomal Nanovaccine Containing α-Galactosylceramide and Ganglioside GM3 Stimulates Robust CD8 + T Cell Responses via CD169 + Macrophages and cDC1. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010056. [PMID: 33467048 PMCID: PMC7830461 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful anti-cancer vaccines aim to prime and reinvigorate cytotoxic T cells and should therefore comprise a potent antigen and adjuvant. Antigen targeting to splenic CD169+ macrophages was shown to induce robust CD8+ T cell responses via antigen transfer to cDC1. Interestingly, CD169+ macrophages can also activate type I natural killer T-cells (NKT). NKT activation via ligands such as α-galactosylceramide (αGC) serve as natural adjuvants through dendritic cell activation. Here, we incorporated ganglioside GM3 and αGC in ovalbumin (OVA) protein-containing liposomes to achieve both CD169+ targeting and superior DC activation. The systemic delivery of GM3-αGC-OVA liposomes resulted in specific uptake by splenic CD169+ macrophages, stimulated strong IFNγ production by NKT and NK cells and coincided with the maturation of cDC1 and significant IL-12 production. Strikingly, superior induction of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells was detected after immunization with GM3-αGC-OVA liposomes. CD8+ T cell activation, but not B cell activation, was dependent on CD169+ macrophages and cDC1, while activation of NKT and NK cells were partially mediated by cDC1. In summary, GM3-αGC antigen-containing liposomes are a potent vaccination platform that promotes the interaction between different immune cell populations, resulting in strong adaptive immunity and therefore emerge as a promising anti-cancer vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grabowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
| | - Dorian A. Stolk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
| | - Maarten K. Nijen Twilhaar
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
| | - Martino Ambrosini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Hans J. van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.J.v.d.V.); (T.D.d.G.)
- Lava Therapeutics, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.J.v.d.V.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
| | - Joke M.M. den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-4448080
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21
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Driver JP, de Carvalho Madrid DM, Gu W, Artiaga BL, Richt JA. Modulation of Immune Responses to Influenza A Virus Vaccines by Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2172. [PMID: 33193296 PMCID: PMC7606973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate widely among different mammalian and avian hosts and sometimes give rise to zoonotic infections. Vaccination is a mainstay of IAV prevention and control. However, the efficacy of IAV vaccines is often suboptimal because of insufficient cross-protection among different IAV genotypes and subtypes as well as the inability to keep up with the rapid molecular evolution of IAV strains. Much attention is focused on improving IAV vaccine efficiency using adjuvants, which are substances that can modulate and enhance immune responses to co-administered antigens. The current review is focused on a non-traditional approach of adjuvanting IAV vaccines by therapeutically targeting the immunomodulatory functions of a rare population of innate-like T lymphocytes called invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. These cells bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and are capable of stimulating a wide array of immune cells that enhance vaccine-mediated immune responses. Here we discuss the factors that influence the adjuvant effects of iNKT cells for influenza vaccines as well as the obstacles that must be overcome before this novel adjuvant approach can be considered for human or veterinary use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Weihong Gu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Bianca L Artiaga
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jürgen A Richt
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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22
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Worrell JC, O'Reilly S. Bi-directional communication: Conversations between fibroblasts and immune cells in systemic sclerosis. J Autoimmun 2020; 113:102526. [PMID: 32713676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune idiopathic connective tissue disease, characterized by aberrant fibro-proliferative and inflammatory responses, causing fibrosis of multiple organs. In recent years the interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells with resident fibroblasts have been uncovered. Cross-talk between immune and stromal cells mediates activation of stromal cells to myofibroblasts; key cells in the pathophysiology of fibrosis. These cells and their cytokines appear to mediate their effects in both a paracrine and autocrine fashion. This review examines the role of innate and adaptive immune cells in SSc, focusing on recent advances that have illuminated our understanding of ongoing bi-directional communication between immune and stromal cells. Finally, we appraise current and future therapies and how these may be useful in a disease that currently has no specific disease modifying treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie C Worrell
- Insititute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Steven O'Reilly
- Durham University, Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Durham, UK. steven.o'
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23
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James CA, Seshadri C. T Cell Responses to Mycobacterial Glycolipids: On the Spectrum of "Innateness". Front Immunol 2020; 11:170. [PMID: 32117300 PMCID: PMC7026021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases due to mycobacteria, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and Buruli ulcer, rank among the top causes of death and disability worldwide. Animal studies have revealed the importance of T cells in controlling these infections. However, the specific antigens recognized by T cells that confer protective immunity and their associated functions remain to be definitively established. T cells that respond to mycobacterial peptide antigens exhibit classical features of adaptive immunity and have been well-studied in humans and animal models. Recently, innate-like T cells that recognize lipid and metabolite antigens have also been implicated. Specifically, T cells that recognize mycobacterial glycolipid antigens (mycolipids) have been shown to confer protection to tuberculosis in animal models and share some biological characteristics with adaptive and innate-like T cells. Here, we review the existing data suggesting that mycolipid-specific T cells exist on a spectrum of “innateness,” which will influence how they can be leveraged to develop new diagnostics and vaccines for mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A James
- Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease (M3D) PhD Program, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Tuberculosis Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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24
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Adamczewski Z, Stasiołek M, Zygmunt A, Śliwka PW, Wieczorek-Szukała K, Lewiński A. Recombinant Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Increases the Percentages of Natural Killer T Cells and B Lymphocytes in Human Peripheral Blood In Vivo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:543845. [PMID: 33329378 PMCID: PMC7715015 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.543845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cellular and humoral components of the immune system play a significant role in the physiology and pathophysiology of various organs including the thyroid. On the other hand, both thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have been shown to exert immunoregulatory activities, which are difficult to assess independently in vivo. In our study we employed a unique clinical model for the assessment of TSH biological function in humans. The structure of peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations was investigated, using flow cytometry, in athyroid patients (n = 109) after treatment because of the differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) at two time-points: directly before and five days after recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) administration. The analysis revealed significant increase in the percentage of natural killer T cells and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of rhTSH treated patients, whereas, we did not observe any effects on investigated subpopulations of dendritic cells and monocytes, T cells and natural killer cells. The findings of the study indicate the immune regulatory role of TSH, directed specifically on selected cell subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Adamczewski
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Arkadiusz Zygmunt
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław W. Śliwka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Andrzej Lewiński,
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25
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A new multi-epitope peptide vaccine induces immune responses and protection against Leishmania infantum in BALB/c mice. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 209:69-79. [PMID: 31696313 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical and subtropical disease which is endemic in more than eighty countries around the world. Leishmania infantum is one of the main causative agents of VL disease. Currently, there is no approved-to-market vaccine for VL therapy. In this study, we evaluated cellular and humoral immune responses induced by our newly designed multi-epitope vaccine in BALB/c mice. Four antigenic proteins, including histone H1, sterol 24-c-methyltransferase (SMT), Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein (LiHy), and Leishmania-specific antigenic protein (LSAP) were chosen for the prediction of potential immunodominant epitopes. Moreover, to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, two toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) agonists, resuscitation-promoting factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RpfE and RpfB), were employed as the built-in adjuvants. Immunization with the designed multi-epitope vaccine elicited a robust Th1-type immune response, compared to other groups, as shown by increased levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IgG2a. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in Th-2-type-related cytokines such as IL-4 in immunized mice. The designed construct also induced a significant reduction in parasite load (p < 0.0001), conferring protection against L. infantum challenge. This study could be promising in gaining insight towards the potential of peptide epitope-based vaccines as effective protective approaches against Leishmania species.
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26
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Invariant NKT cells facilitate cytotoxic T-cell activation via direct recognition of CD1d on T cells. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-9. [PMID: 31653827 PMCID: PMC6814837 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a major subset of NKT cells that recognize foreign and endogenous lipid antigens presented by CD1d. Although iNKT cells are characteristically autoreactive to self-antigens, the role of iNKT cells in the regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been elucidated using α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a strong synthetic glycolipid that is presented by professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells. Despite the well-known effects of α-GalCer and dendritic cells on lipid antigen presentation, the physiological role of endogenous antigens presented by CTLs during crosstalk with iNKT cells has not yet been addressed. In this study, we found that antigen-primed CTLs with transient CD1d upregulation could present lipid self-antigens to activate the iNKT cell production of IFN-γ. CTL-mediated iNKT cell activation in turn enhanced IFN-γ production and the proliferation and cytotoxicity of CTLs. We also found that the direct interaction of iNKT cells and CTLs enhanced the antitumor immune responses of CTLs. This partially explains the functional role of iNKT cells in CTL-mediated antitumor immunity. Our findings suggest that in the absence of exogenous iNKT cell ligands, iNKT cells enhanced the CTL production of IFN-γ and CTL proliferation and cytotoxicity via direct interaction with CD1d expressed on T cells without interacting with APCs. Cancer-killing T cells engage in a form of molecular crosstalk with other specialized immune cells to enhance anti-tumor immune responses in mice. Se-Ho Park and colleagues from Korea University in Seoul, South Korea, studied a specialized population of immune cells known as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which serve as important mediators of tumor surveillance. They showed that iNKT cells directly interact with cancer-killing cytotoxic T cells through surface molecules and not through other immune cells. The resulting activation of iNKT cells leads to the production of a pro-inflammatory signaling molecule, which in turn enhances the proliferation and killing potential of the cytotoxic T cells, ultimately producing more potent tumor control in a mouse model of lymphoma. The findings could aid in the development of iNKT-based cancer immunotherapies.
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27
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Lang GA, Amadou Amani S, Quinn JL, Axtell RC, Lang ML. Immunization-Expanded NKT Follicular Helper Cells Drive IgG1 Isotype Switch against an Exogenous T-Independent Polysaccharide but Do Not Promote Recall Responses. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:88-93. [PMID: 31342012 PMCID: PMC6655531 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The CD1d-binding glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) is a potent adjuvant that activates NKT cells and in turn enhances T-dependent humoral immunity. Very little is known about how NKT cells and the NKT follicular helper (NKTfh) subset influence the immune response to T-independent polysaccharides. In this study, we used a Cre-Lox approach to generate mice devoid of the Bcl6 master transcription factor in CD4 lineage cells and thus devoid of NKTfh cells but not total NKT cells. It was observed that α-GC-driven IgG1 class switch against a polysaccharide Ag was dependent on the NKTfh subset. However, α-GC was unable to stimulate a polysaccharide-specific Ab recall response. It was observed that NKT-derived IL-21 was able to exert limited influence on the IgG1 response and was therefore likely to work in concert with other factors. This work shows that α-GC-driven NKTfh cells can direct polysaccharide-specific B cell responses by promoting IgG1 class switch but do not provide signals needed for generation of polysaccharide-specific B cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Souwelimatou Amadou Amani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - James L Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and.,Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Robert C Axtell
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Mark L Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
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28
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Clancy‐Thompson E, Chen GZ, LaMarche NM, Ali LR, Jeong H, Crowley SJ, Boelaars K, Brenner MB, Lynch L, Dougan SK. Transnuclear mice reveal Peyer's patch iNKT cells that regulate B-cell class switching to IgG1. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101260. [PMID: 31304630 PMCID: PMC6627243 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident iNKT cells maintain tissue homeostasis and peripheral surveillance against pathogens; however, studying these cells is challenging due to their low abundance and poor recovery from tissues. We here show that iNKT transnuclear mice, generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer, have increased tissue resident iNKT cells. We examined expression of PLZF, T-bet, and RORγt, as well as cytokine/chemokine profiles, and found that both monoclonal and polyclonal iNKT cells differentiated into functional subsets that faithfully replicated those seen in wild-type mice. We detected iNKT cells from tissues in which they are rare, including adipose, lung, skin-draining lymph nodes, and a previously undescribed population in Peyer's patches (PP). PP-NKT cells produce the majority of the IL-4 in Peyer's patches and provide indirect help for B-cell class switching to IgG1 in both transnuclear and wild-type mice. Oral vaccination with α-galactosylceramide shows enhanced fecal IgG1 titers in iNKT cell-sufficient mice. Transcriptional profiling reveals a unique signature of PP-NKT cells, characterized by tissue residency. We thus define PP-NKT as potentially important for surveillance for mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gui Zhen Chen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Nelson M LaMarche
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Lestat R Ali
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Hee‐Jin Jeong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
Hongik UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Kelly Boelaars
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- VU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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29
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Schäfer A, Hühr J, Schwaiger T, Dorhoi A, Mettenleiter TC, Blome S, Schröder C, Blohm U. Porcine Invariant Natural Killer T Cells: Functional Profiling and Dynamics in Steady State and Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1380. [PMID: 31316500 PMCID: PMC6611438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are important livestock and comprehensive understanding of their immune responses in infections is critical to improve vaccines and therapies. Moreover, similarities between human and swine physiology suggest that pigs are a superior animal model for immunological studies. However, paucity of experimental tools for a systematic analysis of the immune responses in pigs represent a major disadvantage. To evaluate the pig as a biomedical model and additionally expand the knowledge of rare immune cell populations in swine, we established a multicolor flow cytometry analysis platform of surface marker expression and cellular responses for porcine invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT). In humans, iNKT cells are among the first line defenders in various tissues, respond to CD1d-restricted antigens and become rapidly activated. Naïve porcine iNKT cells were CD3+/CD4−/CD8+ or CD3+/CD4−/CD8− and displayed an effector- or memory-like phenotype (CD25+/ICOS+/CD5hi/CD45RA−/CCR7 ± /CD27+). Based on their expression of the transcription factors T bet and the iNKT cell-specific promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF), porcine iNKT cells were differentiated into functional subsets. Analogous to human iNKT cells, in vitro stimulation of porcine leukocytes with the CD1d ligand α-galactosylceramide resulted in rapid iNKT cell proliferation, evidenced by an increase in frequency and Ki-67 expression. Moreover, this approach revealed CD25, CD5, ICOS, and the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) as activation markers on porcine iNKT cells. Activated iNKT cells also expressed interferon-γ, upregulated perforin expression, and displayed degranulation. In steady state, iNKT cell frequency was highest in newborn piglets and decreased with age. Upon infection with two viruses of high relevance to swine and humans, iNKT cells expanded. Animals infected with African swine fever virus displayed an increase of iNKT cell frequency in peripheral blood, regional lymph nodes, and lungs. During Influenza A virus infection, iNKT cell percentage increased in blood, lung lymph nodes, and broncho-alveolar lavage. Our in-depth characterization of porcine iNKT cells contributes to a better understanding of porcine immune responses, thereby facilitating the design of innovative interventions against infectious diseases. Moreover, we provide new evidence that endorses the suitability of the pig as a biomedical model for iNKT cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schäfer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jane Hühr
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Theresa Schwaiger
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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30
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Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of T lymphocytes with the expression of T cell receptor (TCR) and NK cell lineage receptors. These cells can rapidly release large quantities of cytokines and function as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. To date, multiple reports have investigated the role of NKT cells under various pathological conditions, such as cancer, autoimmune disease, and infection. Knowledge about NKT cells in neurological diseases is increasing, albeit limited. Here, we review evidence for the involvement of NKT cells in neurological diseases, and discuss immunotherapeutic potential and future study goals. As the development and function of NKT cells become increasingly well understood, the next few years should yield many new insights into NKT cell function, and mechanistic regulation in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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31
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The presence of anti-nuclear antibodies alone is associated with changes in B cell activation and T follicular helper cells similar to those in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:264. [PMID: 30486869 PMCID: PMC6263058 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) relies on the presence of hallmark anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), many of which can be detected years before clinical manifestations. However, ANAs are also seen in healthy individuals, most of whom will not develop SARD. Here, we examined a unique cohort of asymptomatic ANA+ individuals to determine whether they share any of the cellular immunologic features seen in SARD. METHODS Healthy ANA- controls and ANA+ (ANA ≥1:160 by immunofluorescence) participants with no SARD criteria, with at least one criterion (undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)), or meeting SARD classification criteria were recruited. Peripheral blood cellular immunological changes were assessed by flow cytometry and transcript levels of BAFF, interferon (IFN)-induced and plasma cell-expressed genes were quantified by NanoString. RESULTS A number of the immunologic abnormalities seen in SARD, including changes in peripheral B (switched memory) and T (iNKT, T regulatory, activated memory T follicular helper) subsets and B cell activation, were also seen in asymptomatic ANA+ subjects and those with UCTD. The extent of these immunologic changes correlated with ANA titer or the number of different specific ANAs produced. Principal component analysis of the cellular data indicated that a significant proportion of asymptomatic ANA+ subjects and subjects with UCTD clustered with patients with early SARD, rather than ANA- healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS ANA production is associated with altered T and B cell activation even in asymptomatic individuals. Some of the currently accepted cellular features of SARD may be associated with ANA production rather than the immunologic events that cause symptoms in SARD.
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32
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Park C, Kim TJ. Expansion and Sub-Classification of T Cell-Dependent Antibody Responses to Encompass the Role of Innate-Like T Cells in Antibody Responses. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e34. [PMID: 30402329 PMCID: PMC6215906 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to T cell-dependent (TD) Ab responses, T cells can also regulate T cell-independent (TI) B cell responses in the absence of a specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and antigenic peptide-based interaction between T and B cells. The elucidation of T cells capable of supporting TI Ab responses is important for understanding the cellular mechanism of different types of TI Ab responses. Natural killer T (NKT) cells represent 1 type of helper T cells involved in TI Ab responses and more candidate helper T cells responsible for TI Ab responses may also include γδ T cells and recently reported B-1 helper CD4+ T cells. Marginal zone (MZ) B and B-1 cells, 2 major innate-like B cell subsets considered to function independently of T cells, interact with innate-like T cells. Whereas MZ B and NKT cells interact mutually for a rapid response to blood-borne infection, peritoneal memory phenotype CD49dhighCD4+ T cells support natural Ab secretion by B-1 cells. Here the role of innate-like T cells in the so-called TI Ab response is discussed. To accommodate the involvement of T cells in the TI Ab responses, we suggest an expanded classification of TD Ab responses that incorporate cognate and non-cognate B cell help by innate-like T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanho Park
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
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