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Moekotte L, Kuiper JJW, Hiddingh S, Nguyen XTA, Boon CJF, van den Born LI, de Boer JH, van Genderen MM. CRB1-Associated Retinal Dystrophy Patients Have Expanded Lewis Glycoantigen-Positive T Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 37792335 PMCID: PMC10565706 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Eye inflammation may occur in patients with inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) and is seen frequently in IRDs associated with mutations in the CRB1 gene. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of inflammatory cells involved in IRDs, by deep profiling the composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with a CRB1-associated IRD. Methods This study included 33 patients with an IRD with confirmed CRB1 mutations and 32 healthy controls. A 43-parameter flow cytometry analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from venous blood. FlowSOM and manual Boolean combination gating were used to identify and quantify immune cell subsets. Results Comparing patients with controls revealed a significant increase in patients in the abundance of circulating CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells that express sialyl Lewis X antigen. Furthermore, we detected a decrease in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and an IgA+CD24+CD38+ transitional B-cell subset in patients with an IRD. Conclusions Patients with a CRB1-associated IRD show marked changes in blood leukocyte composition, affecting lymphocyte and dendritic cell populations. These results implicate inflammatory pathways in the disease manifestations of IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lude Moekotte
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas J. W. Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Hiddingh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xuan-Thanh-An Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joke H. de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria M. van Genderen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Bartiméus, Diagnostic Center for complex visual disorders, Zeist, the Netherlands
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2
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Comparative flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes before and after fixation with paraformaldehyde. J Immunol Methods 2022; 511:113379. [PMID: 36279962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry based immunophenotyping provides prime insight into cellular population composition and characteristics, and is widely used in basic and clinical research. Challenges in processing peripheral blood samples in a timely manner necessitate protocol adaptations and utilization of fixatives. Fixation, however, may introduce artifacts to the flow cytometry readout. We performed a comparative flow cytometry immunophenotyping analysis of 13 immune cell populations in the whole blood using a staining protocol with and without fixation step. Freshly procured human peripheral blood samples were stained with a panel of 33 fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies. Samples were processed using a protocol with or without a paraformaldehyde-based fixation step, and matching sample pairs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results show that paraformaldehyde-based fixation, in comparison to matched unfixed samples, did not significantly affect population distribution and frequency for: B cells, Plasmablasts, Dendritic cells, NK cells, Granulocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, or Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. However, fixation led to significant marker shifts in the subpopulation distribution in CD4, T regulatory, CD8, Monocytes, and Basophils. These results indicate the importance of pre-experimental assessment of fixation-introduced artifacts in the flow cytometry output when considering the feasibility of fresh processing. This is especially important for samples analyzed using comprehensive exploratory immunoprofiling panels.
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3
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Wennink RAW, Kalinina Ayuso V, Tao W, Delemarre EM, de Boer JH, Kuiper JJW. A Blood Protein Signature Stratifies Clinical Response to csDMARD Therapy in Pediatric Uveitis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:4. [PMID: 35103800 PMCID: PMC8819312 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify a serum biomarker signature that can help predict response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) therapy in pediatric noninfectious uveitis. Methods In this case-control cohort study, we performed a 368-plex proteomic analysis of serum samples of 72 treatment-free patients with active uveitis (new onset or relapse) and 15 healthy controls. Among these, 37 patients were sampled at diagnosis before commencing csDMARD therapy. After 6 months, csDMARD response was evaluated and cases were categorized as “responder” or “nonresponder.” Patients were considered “nonresponders” if remission was not achieved under csDMARD therapy. Serum protein profiles were used to train random forest models to predict csDMARD failure and compared to a model based on eight clinical parameters at diagnosis (e.g., maximum cell grade). Results In total, 19 of 37 (51%) cases were categorized as csDMARD nonresponders. We identified a 10-protein signature that could predict csDMARD failure with an overall accuracy of 84%, which was higher compared to a model based on eight clinical parameters (73% accuracy). Adjusting for age, sex, anatomic location of uveitis, and cell grade, cases stratified by the 10-protein signature at diagnosis showed a large difference in risk for csDMARD failure (hazard ratio, 12.8; 95% confidence interval, 2.5–64.6; P = 0.002). Conclusions Machine learning models based on the serum proteome can stratify pediatric patients with uveitis at high risk for csDMARD failure. Translational Relevance The identified protein signature has implications for the development of clinical decision tools that integrate clinical parameters with biological data to better predict the best treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos A W Wennink
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Viera Kalinina Ayuso
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Weiyang Tao
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline M Delemarre
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Joke H de Boer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas J W Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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4
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Mucosal-associated invariant T cells have therapeutic potential against ocular autoimmunity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:351-361. [PMID: 34775490 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening disease induced by pathogenic T cells that recognize retinal antigens; it is observed in disorders including Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH). The roles of specific T cell subsets and their therapeutic potential against autoimmune uveitis are not fully understood. Here we conducted multi-parametric single-cell protein quantification which shows that the frequency of CD161highTRAV1-2+ mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells that recognize vitamin B2 metabolite-based antigens is decreased in relapsing VKH patients compared to individuals without active ocular inflammation. An experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mouse model revealed that genetic depletion of MAIT cells reduced the expression of interleukin (Il) 22 and exacerbated retinal pathology. Reduced IL-22 levels were commonly observed in patients with relapsing VKH compared to individuals without active ocular inflammation. Both mouse and human MAIT cells produced IL-22 upon stimulation with their antigenic metabolite in vitro. An intravitreal administration of the antigenic metabolite into EAU mice induced retinal MAIT cell expansion and enhanced the expressions of Il22, as well as its downstream genes related to anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, leading to an improvement in both retinal pathology and visual function. Taken together, we demonstrate that a metabolite-driven approach targeting MAIT cells has therapeutic potential against autoimmune uveitis.
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5
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Leijten EF, van Kempen TS, Olde Nordkamp MA, Pouw JN, Kleinrensink NJ, Vincken NL, Mertens J, Balak DMW, Verhagen FH, Hartgring SA, Lubberts E, Tekstra J, Pandit A, Radstake TR, Boes M. Tissue-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells From Skin Differentiate Psoriatic Arthritis From Psoriasis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1220-1232. [PMID: 33452865 PMCID: PMC8362143 DOI: 10.1002/art.41652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare immune cell phenotype and function in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) versus psoriasis in order to better understand the pathogenesis of PsA. METHODS In-depth immunophenotyping of different T cell and dendritic cell subsets was performed in patients with PsA, psoriasis, or axial spondyloarthritis and healthy controls. Subsequently, we analyzed cells from peripheral blood, synovial fluid (SF), and skin biopsy specimens using flow cytometry, along with high-throughput transcriptome analyses and functional assays on the specific cell populations that appeared to differentiate PsA from psoriasis. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, the peripheral blood of patients with PsA was characterized by an increase in regulatory CD4+ T cells and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-22 coproducing CD8+ T cells. One population specifically differentiated PsA from psoriasis: i.e., CD8+CCR10+ T cells were enriched in PsA. CD8+CCR10+ T cells expressed high levels of DNAX accessory molecule 1 and were effector memory cells that coexpressed skin-homing receptors CCR4 and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen. CD8+CCR10+ T cells were detected under inflammatory and homeostatic conditions in skin, but were not enriched in SF. Gene profiling further revealed that CD8+CCR10+ T cells expressed GATA3, FOXP3, and core transcriptional signature of tissue-resident memory T cells, including CD103. Specific genes, including RORC, IFNAR1, and ERAP1, were up-regulated in PsA compared to psoriasis. CD8+CCR10+ T cells were endowed with a Tc2/22-like cytokine profile, lacked cytotoxic potential, and displayed overall regulatory function. CONCLUSION Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells derived from the skin are enhanced in the circulation of patients with PsA compared to patients with psoriasis alone. This may indicate that aberrances in cutaneous tissue homeostasis contribute to arthritis development.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aminopeptidases/genetics
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/genetics
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/immunology
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- Integrin alpha Chains/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukins/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Minor Histocompatibility Antigens/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Oligosaccharides/metabolism
- Psoriasis/genetics
- Psoriasis/immunology
- Psoriasis/pathology
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, CCR10/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR4/metabolism
- Sialyl Lewis X Antigen/analogs & derivatives
- Sialyl Lewis X Antigen/metabolism
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Spondylarthropathies/genetics
- Spondylarthropathies/immunology
- Spondylarthropathies/pathology
- Synovial Fluid/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorre Mertens
- University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Erik Lubberts
- Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Marianne Boes
- University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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6
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Huang JCC, Schleisman M, Choi D, Mitchell C, Watson L, Asquith M, Rosenbaum JT. Preliminary Report on Interleukin-22, GM-CSF, and IL-17F in the Pathogenesis of Acute Anterior Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 29:558-565. [PMID: 31763950 PMCID: PMC7246145 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1686156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose:Anterior uveitis is the most common anatomic subset of uveitis. We developed a novel multi-parametric flow cytometry panel to identify immune dysregulation signatures in HLA B27-associated acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA).Methods: We used fluorescence activated cell sorting to characterize T cell cytokine expression in stimulated T cell subsets from patients with AAU (n = 4) compared to healthy controls (n = 14) or subjects with AxSpA (n = 6).Results: Positive findings among subjects with AAU included a statistically significant increase in stimulated granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-17, and IL-22 synthesized by CD8 cells, a trend for stimulated ILC (innate lymphoid cells)-3 cells to synthesize more IL-22 (p = .07), and stimulated MAIT (mucosa associated innate lymphoid cells)-like cells that express the T cell receptor V alpha 7.2 to express IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in a greater percentage of cells relative to controls. IL-17F, GM- CSF, and IL-22 represent potentially novel targets in AAU.Conclusion: Our report is arguably the first to implicate IL-17F or ILC-3 and MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of AAU.Abbreviations AAU: acute anterior uveitis; AxSpA: axial spondyloarthritis; BASDAI: Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index; CCR: chemokine receptor; DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; EULAR:European League Against Rheumatism; FACS: fluorescence activated cell sorter; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FSC: orward light scatter; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; HC: healthy control; ILC: innate lymphoid cell; KIR: killer immunoglobulin receptor; MAIT: mucosal associated immune T cell; ND: not detected; NK: natural killer cell; OHSU-Oregon Health & Science University; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; SSC: side light scatter; TCR: T cell receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Chien-Chieh Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan 2. Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Dongseok Choi
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University and Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Claire Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU)
| | - Lindsey Watson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU)
| | - Mark Asquith
- Department of Medicine, OHSU (Dr. Asquith is deceased)
| | - James T. Rosenbaum
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Medicine, and Cell Biology, OHSU
- Legacy Devers Eye Institute, Portland, Oregon
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7
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Chowdhury IH, Lokugamage N, Garg NJ. Experimental Nanovaccine Offers Protection Against Repeat Exposures to Trypanosoma cruzi Through Activation of Polyfunctional T Cell Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595039. [PMID: 33414785 PMCID: PMC7783422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Previously, we have identified T. cruzi antigens TcG2 and TcG4 as potential vaccine candidates, cloned in eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1 (referred as p2/4) and tested their ability to elicit protection from T. cruzi infection. In the present study, we subcloned the two antigens in a nanoplasmid that is optimized for delivery, antigen expression, and regulatory compliance standards, and evaluated the nanovaccine (referred as nano2/4) for prophylactic protection against repeat T. cruzi infections. For this, C57BL/6 mice were immunized with two doses of p2/4 or nano2/4 at 21 days interval, challenged with T. cruzi 21 days after 2nd immunization, and euthanized at 10- and 21-days post-infection (pi) corresponding to parasite dissemination and replication phase, respectively. Some mice were re-challenged 21 days pi and monitored at 7 days after re-infection. Without the help of a vaccine, T. cruzi elicited delayed and sub-par T cell activation and low levels of effector molecules that failed to control tissue dissemination and replication of the parasite and provided no protection against repeat challenge infection. The nano2/4 was most effective in eliciting an early activation and production of IFN-γ by CD4+T effector/effector memory (TEM) cells and cytolytic perforin (PFN) and granzyme B (GZB) molecules by CD4+ and CD8+ TEM subsets at 10 days pi that was followed by robust expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ TEM and TCM cells with further increase in IFN-γ production at 21 days pi. Consequently, nano2/4-immunized mice exhibited potent control of parasite dissemination at 10 days pi, and tissue parasite burden and tissue inflammatory infiltrate and necrosis were barely detectable at 21 days pi. Furthermore, nano2/4-immunized mice responded to re-challenge infection with high levels of effector molecules production by CD4+ and CD8+ TEM subpopulations that offered even better control of tissue parasite burden than was observed after 1st infection. In comparison, non-vaccinated/infected mice exhibited clinical features of sickness and 59% mortality within 7 days after re-infection. In conclusion, we show that delivery of TcG2 and TcG4 in nanoplasmid offers excellent, protective T cell immunity against repeat T. cruzi infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran H Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Nandadeva Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX, United States
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8
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Kuiper JJW, Venema WJ. HLA-A29 and Birdshot Uveitis: Further Down the Rabbit Hole. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599558. [PMID: 33262772 PMCID: PMC7687429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA class I alleles constitute established risk factors for non-infectious uveitis and preemptive genotyping of HLA class I alleles is standard practice in the diagnostic work-up. The HLA-A29 serotype is indispensable to Birdshot Uveitis (BU) and renders this enigmatic eye condition a unique model to better understand how the antigen processing and presentation machinery contributes to non-infectious uveitis or chronic inflammatory conditions in general. This review will discuss salient points regarding the protein structure of HLA-A29 and how key amino acid positions impact the peptide binding preference and interaction with T cells. We discuss to what extent the risk genes ERAP1 and ERAP2 uniquely affect HLA-A29 and how the discovery of a HLA-A29-specific submotif may impact autoantigen discovery. We further provide a compelling argument to solve the long-standing question why BU only affects HLA-A29-positive individuals from Western-European ancestry by exploiting data from the 1000 Genomes Project. We combine novel insights from structural and immunopeptidomic studies and discuss the functional implications of genetic associations across the HLA class I antigen presentation pathway to refine the etiological basis of Birdshot Uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. W. Kuiper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. Venema
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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9
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Imbalance in PB IL-17-Secreting and Regulatory Cells in Pars Planitis Is Associated with Dysregulation of IFN- γ-Secreting Cells, Especially in Patients with Clinical Complications. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9175083. [PMID: 32801998 PMCID: PMC7415078 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9175083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Results In patients, an increase in the population of Th17-secreting cells negatively correlated with the abundance of both IFN-γ-producing and T regulatory as well as suppressor cells, regarding all the phenotypes studied. Although a strong dependence of the PB Th1 cell compartment on the duration of the disease was observed, it was limited to the subgroup of patients with macular edema only. The frequency of B regulatory cells was unchanged compared to controls. Conclusions In pars planitis, the alterations in lymphocyte cell distribution affect primarily the T cell repertoire. The imbalance in PB Th1/Th17/Treg cells creates proinflammatory conditions, strengthening the suggestion that the immune background may play a role in pars planitis pathogenesis. Also, circulating Th1 level may be of potential clinical relevance in terms of prediction of a more severe course of the disease.
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10
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Laban KG, Rijken R, Hiddingh S, Mertens JS, van der Veen RLP, Eenhorst CAE, Pandit A, Radstake TRDJ, de Boer JH, Kalmann R, Kuiper JJW. cDC2 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells diminish from tissues of patients with non-Hodgkin orbital lymphoma and idiopathic orbital inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:548-557. [PMID: 31841217 PMCID: PMC7187234 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin orbital lymphoma (NHOL) and idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) are common orbital conditions with largely unknown pathophysiology. To investigate the immune cell composition of these diseases, we performed standardized 29 parameter flow cytometry phenotyping in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 18 NHOL patients, 21 IOI patients, and 41 unaffected controls. Automatic gating by FlowSOM revealed decreased abundance of meta-clusters containing dendritic cells in patients, which we confirmed by manual gating. A decreased percentage of (HLA-DR+ CD303+ CD123+ ) plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in the circulation of IOI patients and decreased (HLA-DR+ CD11c+ CD1c+ ) conventional dendritic cells (cDC) type-2 for IOI patients were replicated in an independent cohort of patients and controls. Meta-analysis of both cohorts demonstrated that pDCs are also decreased in blood of NHOL patients and highlighted that the decrease in blood cDC type-2 was specific for IOI patients compared to NHOL or controls. Deconvolution-based estimation of immune cells in transcriptomic data of 48 orbital biopsies revealed a decrease in the abundance of pDC and cDC populations within the orbital microenvironment of IOI patients. Collectively, these data suggest a previously underappreciated role for dendritic cells in orbital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil G Laban
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Rijken
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Hiddingh
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jorre S Mertens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob L P van der Veen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine A E Eenhorst
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aridaman Pandit
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joke H de Boer
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Kalmann
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas J W Kuiper
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Lucchesi S, Nolfi E, Pettini E, Pastore G, Fiorino F, Pozzi G, Medaglini D, Ciabattini A. Computational Analysis of Multiparametric Flow Cytometric Data to Dissect B Cell Subsets in Vaccine Studies. Cytometry A 2019; 97:259-267. [PMID: 31710181 PMCID: PMC7079172 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The generation of the B cell response upon vaccination is characterized by the induction of different functional and phenotypic subpopulations and is strongly dependent on the vaccine formulation, including the adjuvant used. Here, we have profiled the different B cell subsets elicited upon vaccination, using machine learning methods for interpreting high‐dimensional flow cytometry data sets. The B cell response elicited by an adjuvanted vaccine formulation, compared to the antigen alone, was characterized using two automated methods based on clustering (FlowSOM) and dimensional reduction (t‐SNE) approaches. The clustering method identified, based on multiple marker expression, different B cell populations, including plasmablasts, plasma cells, germinal center B cells and their subsets, while this profiling was more difficult with t‐SNE analysis. When undefined phenotypes were detected, their characterization could be improved by integrating the t‐SNE spatial visualization of cells with the FlowSOM clusters. The frequency of some cellular subsets, in particular plasma cells, was significantly higher in lymph nodes of mice primed with the adjuvanted formulation compared to antigen alone. Thanks to this automatic data analysis it was possible to identify, in an unbiased way, different B cell populations and also intermediate stages of cell differentiation elicited by immunization, thus providing a signature of B cell recall response that can be hardly obtained with the classical bidimensional gating analysis. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lucchesi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Emanuele Nolfi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Elena Pettini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Gabiria Pastore
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Fabio Fiorino
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Gianni Pozzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Donata Medaglini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Annalisa Ciabattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (LA.M.M.B.), Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
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