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Xu M, Du R, Xing W, Chen X, Wan J, Wang S, Xiong L, Nandakumar KS, Holmdahl R, Geng H. Platelets derived citrullinated proteins and microparticles are potential autoantibodies ACPA targets in RA patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084283. [PMID: 36761728 PMCID: PMC9902922 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullinated neoepitopes have emerged as key triggers of autoantibodies anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) synthesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Apart from their critical role in homeostasis and thrombosis, platelets have a significant contribution to inflammation as well. Although anuclear in nature, platelets have an intricate post-translational modification machinery. Till now, citrullination in platelets and its contribution to trigger autoantibodies ACPA production in RA is an unexplored research direction. Herein, we investigated the expression of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes and citrullinated proteins/peptides in the human platelets and platelet derived microparticles (PDP). Both PAD4 mRNA and protein, but not the other PAD isoforms, are detectable in the human platelets. With a strict filtering criterion,108 citrullination sites present on 76 proteins were identified in the human platelets, and 55 citrullinated modifications present on 37 different proteins were detected in the PDPs. Among them, some are well-known citrullinated autoantigens associated with RA. Citrullinated forms of thrombospondin-1, β-actin, and platelet factor-4 (also known as CXCL4) are highly immunogenic and bound by autoantibodies ACPA. Furthermore, ACPA from RA sera and synovial fluids recognized citrullinated proteins from platelets and significantly activated them as evidenced by P-selectin upregulation and sCD40 L secretion. These results clearly demonstrate the presence of citrullinated autoantigens in platelets and PDPs, thus could serve as potential targets of ACPA in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Du
- Department of Rheumatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenping Xing
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueting Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital affiliated to Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hui Geng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Dual-Targeting Polymer Nanoparticles Efficiently Deliver DNA Vaccine and Induce Robust Prophylactic Immunity against Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0308522. [PMID: 36073822 PMCID: PMC9603200 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03085-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is highly contagious and lethal to most cyprinid fish, causing serious economic losses to the carp aquaculture industry. Although DNA vaccines can generate long-term humoral and cellular immune responses, which provide protective immunity against SVCV, the major drawback of DNA vaccines is their low immunogenicity in clinical tests. Here, we construct a dual-targeted polymer DNA vaccine delivery platform (MCS-PCHG) by using mannosylated chitosan to encapsulate the poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-loaded DNA vaccine containing the heavy-chain CH3 region (CH3) of common carp IgM and the antigenic domain (G131c). The developed nanovaccine delivery platform showed good biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro. With the modification of the mannose moiety and the modification of CH3, the constructed MCS-PCHG could efficiently activate the maturation of antigen-presenting cells. Moreover, we observe significantly high level of immune-related genes expression, serum antigen-specific IgM, SVCV-neutralizing antibody titers in fish vaccinated with MCS-PCHG. Next, the protective efficacy of MCS-PCHG was further evaluated by challenge test. The highest survival rate (ca. 84%) was observed in fish vaccinated with MCS-PCHG after challenging with SVCV. This study presents a novel design for smart, dual-targeted polymer nanoparticles, which are inherently biocompatible, promising for targeted vaccine delivery. IMPORTANCE Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) affects global cyprinid fish farming industry, with no available commercial vaccine. Herein, we developed a dual-targeting polymer nanovaccine (MCS-PCHG) by using mannose and common carp IgM heavy chain CH3 region (CH3) as antigen presenting cell (APCs) recognition moiety, attaining the effective delivery of antigen. This dual-targeting polymer vaccine can efficiently activate the APCs, and further induce robust and durable adaptive immune response with good protection against SVCV infection. Our study provides valuable theoretical basis for developing efficient vaccine against infectious diseases in aquaculture.
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Han L, Li J, Wang W, Luo K, Chai M, Xiang C, Luo Z, Ren L, Gu Q, Tao M, Zhang C, Wang J, Liu S. Immunoglobulin heavy-chain loci in ancient allotetraploid goldfish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104476. [PMID: 35718131 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As an ancient allotetraploid species, goldfish (Carassius auratus) have two sets of subgenomes. In this study, immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IGH) genes were cloned from the red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.), and the corresponding loci were identified in the gynogenetic diploid red crucian carp (GRCC) genome as well as the genomes of three other goldfish strains (Wakin, G-12, and CaTCV-1). Examination showed that each goldfish strain possessed two sets of parallel IGH loci: a complete IGHA locus and a degenerated IGHB locus that was nearly 40 × smaller. In the IGHA locus, multiple τ chain loci were arranged in tandem between the μ&δ chain locus and the variable genes, but no τ-like genes were found in the IGHB locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziye Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Yin X, Li X, Mu L, Bai H, Yang Y, Chen N, Wu L, Fu S, Li J, Ying W, Ye J. Affinity-Driven Site-Specific High Mannose Modification Determines the Structural Polymerization and Function of Tetrameric IgM in a Primitive Vertebrate. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:593-605. [PMID: 35868636 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Teleost tetramer IgM is the predominant Ig in the immune system and plays essential roles in host defense against microbial infection. Due to variable disulfide polymerization of the monomeric subunits, tetrameric IgM possesses considerable structural diversity. Previous work indicated that the teleost IgM H chain was fully occupied with complex-type N-glycans. However, after challenge with trinitrophenyl (TNP) Ag, the complex N-glycans in the Asn-509 site of Oreochromis niloticus IgM H chain transformed into high mannose. This study, therefore, was conducted to examine the functional roles of the affinity-related high-mannose modification in tilapia IgM. The TNP-specific IgM Ab affinity maturation was revealed in tilapia over the response. A positive correlation between TNP-specific IgM affinity and its disulfide polymerization level of isomeric structure was demonstrated. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated that the relationship between IgM affinity and disulfide polymerization was associated with the Asn-509 site-specific high-mannose modification. Furthermore, the increase of high mannose content promoted the combination of IgM and mannose receptor (MR) on the surface of phagocytes. Moreover, the increased interaction of IgM and MR amplified the phagocytic ability of phagocytes to Streptococcus agalactiae. To our knowledge, this study demonstrates that site-specific high-mannose modification associates with IgM Ab affinity and its structural disulfide polymerization and amplifies the phagocytosis of phagocytes by the combination of IgM and MR. The present study provides evidence for understanding the association of IgM structure and function during the evolution of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yin
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Mu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Bai
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Fu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Science and Medicine, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI; and
| | - Wantao Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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6
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Zhou P, Chen W, Zhu Z, Zhou K, Luo S, Hu S, Xia L, Ding X. Comparative Study of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens X030 on the Intestinal Flora and Antibacterial Activity Against Aeromonas of Grass Carp. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:815436. [PMID: 35145928 PMCID: PMC8821659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms to control bacterial diseases has been widely used in aquaculture, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BaX030) as a probiotic feed additive was a commonly biological control method. Added sucrose promoted the growth of BaX030, and the yield of its antibacterial substance macrolactin A was enhanced by 1.46-fold. A total of 2055 proteins were screened through proteomics, with 143 upregulated and 307 downregulated. Differential protein expression analysis and qRT-PCR verification showed that the pentose phosphate pathway and the fatty acid synthesis pathway were upregulated, thereby providing sufficient energy and precursors for the synthesis of macrolactin A. The influence of some potential regulatory factors (SecG, LiaI, MecG and ComG) on macrolactin A was discovered. After grass carp were fed with BaX030, the abundance of probiotics (Fusobacterium, Proteobacteria, Gemmobacter) were higher than the control group, and the abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria (Planctomycetes, Aeromonas) were significantly lower than the control group. The cell and challenge experiments showed that BaX030 can significantly increase the expression of C3 and IL8 in the liver and kidney, which decreases the risk of immune organ disease. Moreover, BaX030 effectively reduced the mortality of grass carp. The results revealed that BaX030 can significantly improve the structure of the intestinal flora, enhance immunity and it is beneficial to the control of grass carp Aeromonas.
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Aoki K, Kumagai T, Ranzinger R, Bergmann C, Camus A, Tiemeyer M. Serum N-Glycome Diversity in Teleost and Chondrostrean Fishes. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:778383. [PMID: 34859056 PMCID: PMC8631502 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.778383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in carbohydrate chemistry, chemical biology, and mass spectrometric techniques have opened the door to rapid progress in uncovering the function and diversity of glycan structures associated with human health and disease. These strategies can be equally well applied to advance non-human health care research. To date, the glycomes of only a handful of non-human, non-domesticated vertebrates have been analyzed in depth due to the logistic complications associated with obtaining or handling wild-caught or farm-raised specimens. In contrast, the last 2 decades have seen advances in proteomics, glycoproteomics, and glycomics that have significantly advanced efforts to identify human serum/plasma biomarkers for various diseases. In this study, we investigated N-glycan structural diversity in serum harvested from five cultured fish species. This biofluid is a useful starting point for glycomic analysis because it is rich in glycoproteins, can be acquired in a sustainable fashion, and its contents reflect dynamic physiologic changes in the organism. Sera acquired from two chondrostrean fish species, the Atlantic sturgeon and shortnose sturgeon, and three teleost fish species, the Atlantic salmon, Arctic char, and channel catfish, were delipidated by organic extraction and the resulting protein-rich preparations sequentially treated with trypsin and PNGaseF to generate released N-glycans for structural analysis. Released N-glycans were analyzed as their native or permethylated forms by nanospray ionization mass spectrometry in negative or positive mode. While the basic biosynthetic pathway that initiates the production of glycoprotein glycan core structures is well-conserved across the teleost fish species examined in this study, species-specific structural differences were detected across the five organisms in terms of their monosaccharide composition, sialylation pattern, fucosylation, and degree of O-acetylation. Our methods and results provide new contributions to a growing library of datasets describing fish N-glycomes that can eventually establish species-normative baselines for assessing N-glycosylation dynamics associated with pathogen invasion, environmental stress, and fish immunologic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Aoki
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Tadahiro Kumagai
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Procter & Gamble, Takasaki, Japan
| | - René Ranzinger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Carl Bergmann
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Alvin Camus
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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8
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Ametrano A, Gerdol M, Vitale M, Greco S, Oreste U, Coscia MR. The evolutionary puzzle solution for the origins of the partial loss of the Cτ2 exon in notothenioid fishes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:124-139. [PMID: 34038801 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cryonotothenioidea is the main group of fishes that thrive in the extremely cold Antarctic environment, thanks to the acquisition of peculiar morphological, physiological and molecular adaptations. We have previously disclosed that IgM, the main immunoglobulin isotype in teleosts, display typical cold-adapted features. Recently, we have analyzed the gene encoding the heavy chain constant region (CH) of the IgT isotype from the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii (family Nototheniidae), characterized by the near-complete deletion of the CH2 domain. Here, we aimed to track the loss of the CH2 domain along notothenioid phylogeny and to identify its ancestral origins. To this end, we obtained the IgT gene sequences from several species belonging to the Antarctic families Nototheniidae, Bathydraconidae and Artedidraconidae. All species display a CH2 remnant of variable size, encoded by a short Cτ2 exon, which retains functional splicing sites and therefore is included in the mature transcript. We also considered representative species from the three non-Antarctic families: Eleginopsioidea (Eleginops maclovinus), Pseudaphritioidea (Pseudaphritis urvillii) and Bovichtidae (Bovichtus diacanthus and Cottoperca gobio). Even though only E. maclovinus, the sister taxa of Cryonotothenioidea, shared the partial loss of Cτ2, the other non-Antarctic notothenioid species displayed early molecular signatures of this event. These results shed light on the evolutionary path that underlies the origins of this remarkable gene structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ametrano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Samuele Greco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Umberto Oreste
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Coscia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.
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9
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Bilal S, Etayo A, Hordvik I. Immunoglobulins in teleosts. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:65-77. [PMID: 33439286 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-020-01195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins which are produced as membrane-bound receptors on B-cells or in a secreted form, known as antibodies. In teleosts, three immunoglobulin isotypes, IgM, IgT, and IgD, are present, each comprising two identical heavy and two identical light polypeptide chains. The basic mechanisms for generation of immunoglobulin diversity are similar in teleosts and higher vertebrates. The B-cell pre-immune repertoire is diversified by VDJ recombination, junctional flexibility, addition of nucleotides, and combinatorial association of light and heavy chains, while the post-immune repertoire undergoes somatic hypermutation during clonal expansion. Typically, the teleost immunoglobulin heavy chain gene complex has a modified translocon arrangement where the Dτ-Jτ-Cτ cluster of IgT is generally located between the variable heavy chain (VH) region and the Dμ/δ-Jμ/δ-Cμ-Cδ gene segments, or within the set of VH gene segments. However, multiple genome duplication and deletion events and loss of some individual genes through evolution has complicated the IgH gene organization. The IgH gene arrangement allows the expression of either IgT or IgM/IgD. Alternative splicing is responsible for the regulation of IgM/IgD expression and the secreted versus transmembrane forms of IgT, IgD, and IgM. The overall structure of IgM and IgT is usually conserved across species, whereas IgD has a large variety of structures. IgM is the main effector molecule in both systemic and mucosal immunity and shows a broad range of concentrations in different teleost species. Although IgM is usually present in higher concentrations under normal conditions, IgT is considered the main mucosal Ig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Bilal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Angela Etayo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Hordvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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10
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Su Y, Wang B, Zhang Y, Ruan Z, Bai H, Wan J, Xu C, Li G, Wang S, Ai H, Xiong L, Geng H. Mass spectrometric determination of disulfide bonds and free cysteine in grass carp IgM isoforms. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:287-296. [PMID: 31669895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bonds are fundamental in establishing Ig structure and maintaining Ig biological function. Here, we analysed disulfide bonds and free cysteine in three grass carp IgM isoforms (monomeric, dimeric/trimeric, and tetrameric IgM) by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The results revealed that Cys574 residue status at the C-terminal tail differed substantially in monomeric IgM in comparison with polymeric IgM, Cys574 was found as free thiol in monomeric IgM, while it formed disulfide linkages in dimeric/trimeric and tetrameric IgM. Five intra-chain disulfide bonds in the CH1~CH4 and CL1 domains, as well as one H-H and one H-L inter-chain disulfide linkages, were also observed and shown identical connectivity in monomeric, dimeric/trimeric, and tetrameric IgM. These findings represent the first experimental assignments of disulfide linkages of grass carp IgM and reveal that grass carp IgM isoform formation is due to alternative disulfide bonds connecting the Cys574 residue at the C-terminal tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zilun Ruan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guoqi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Shengqiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hui Ai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Mass spectrometry-based qualitative and quantitative N-glycomics: An update of 2017-2018. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1091:1-22. [PMID: 31679562 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most frequently occurring protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) with broad cellular, physiological and pathological relevance. Mass spectrometry-based N-glycomics has become the state-of-the-art instrumental analytical pipeline for sensitive, high-throughput and comprehensive characterization of N-glycans and N-glycomes. Improvement and new development of methods in N-glycan release, enrichment, derivatization, isotopic labeling, separation, ionization, MS, tandem MS and informatics accompany side-by-side wider and deeper application. This review provides a comprehensive update of mass spectrometry-based qualitative and quantitative N-glycomics in the years of 2017-2018.
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