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Liu Z, Nguyen TTT, Ding F. Protocol for building a user-friendly temperature control system to support microscopes, microfluidic chambers, and custom incubators. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102862. [PMID: 38294908 PMCID: PMC10846474 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological experiments require precise temperature control, necessitating an integrated adjustable temperature system for instruments such as microscopes, microfluidic chambers, or custom incubators. We present a protocol for building a user-friendly temperature control system suitable for both in vitro and in vivo assays. We describe steps for preparing materials, assembling the printed circuit board and enclosure, and fine-tuning the heating algorithm for accuracy. This system can maintain a stable temperature of up to 60°C with stabilities under 0.06°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziteng Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Thao Thi Thu Nguyen
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Fangyuan Ding
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Synthetic Biology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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2
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Guimaraes EL, Dias DO, Hau WF, Julien A, Holl D, Garcia-Collado M, Savant S, Vågesjö E, Phillipson M, Jakobsson L, Göritz C. Corpora cavernosa fibroblasts mediate penile erection. Science 2024; 383:eade8064. [PMID: 38330107 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade8064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Penile erection is mediated by the corpora cavernosa, a trabecular-like vascular bed that enlarges upon vasodilation, but its regulation is not completely understood. Here, we show that perivascular fibroblasts in the corpora cavernosa support vasodilation by reducing norepinephrine availability. The effect on penile blood flow depends on the number of fibroblasts, which is regulated by erectile activity. Erection dynamically alters the positional arrangement of fibroblasts, temporarily down-regulating Notch signaling. Inhibition of Notch increases fibroblast numbers and consequently raises penile blood flow. Continuous Notch activation lowers fibroblast numbers and reduces penile blood perfusion. Recurrent erections stimulate fibroblast proliferation and limit vasoconstriction, whereas aging reduces the number of fibroblasts and lowers penile blood flow. Our findings reveal adaptive, erectile activity-dependent modulation of penile blood flow by fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Oliveira Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wing Fung Hau
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anais Julien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Holl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Garcia-Collado
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soniya Savant
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evelina Vågesjö
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Jakobsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Göritz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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McArdle S, Seo GY, Kronenberg M, Mikulski Z. Intravital Imaging of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4720. [PMID: 37497460 PMCID: PMC10366999 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are a numerous population of T cells located within the epithelium of the small and large intestines, being more numerous in the small intestine (SI). They surveil this tissue by interacting with epithelial cells. Intravital microscopy is an important tool for visualizing the patrolling activity of IEL in the SI of live mice. Most IEL express CD8α; therefore, here we describe an established protocol of intravital imaging that tracks lymphocytes labeled with a CD8α-specific monoclonal antibody in the SI epithelium of live mice. We also describe data acquisition and quantification of the movement metrics, including mean speed, track length, displacement length, and paths for each CD8α+ IEL using the available software. The intravital imaging technique for measuring IEL movement will provide a better understanding of the role of IEL in homeostasis and protection from injury or infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara McArdle
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Goo-Young Seo
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology; La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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4
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Vågesjö E, Parv K, Ahl D, Seignez C, Herrera Hidalgo C, Giraud A, Leite C, Korsgren O, Wallén H, Juusola G, Hakovirta HH, Rundqvist H, Essand M, Holm L, Johnson RS, Thålin C, Korpisalo P, Christoffersson G, Phillipson M. Perivascular Macrophages Regulate Blood Flow Following Tissue Damage. Circ Res 2021; 128:1694-1707. [PMID: 33878889 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Vågesjö
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Kristel Parv
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - David Ahl
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Cédric Seignez
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Carmen Herrera Hidalgo
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Antoine Giraud
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Catarina Leite
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (O.K., M.E.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.W., C.T.)
| | - Greta Juusola
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (G.J.)
| | - Harri H Hakovirta
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Finland (H.H.H.)
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.R., R.S.J.)
| | - Magnus Essand
- Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (O.K., M.E.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Lena Holm
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Randall S Johnson
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (H.R., R.S.J.).,Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (R.S.J.)
| | - Charlotte Thålin
- Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (H.W., C.T.)
| | | | - Gustaf Christoffersson
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden.,The Science for Life Laboratory (G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Medical Cell Biology (E.V., K.P., D.A., C.S., C.H.H., A.G., C.L., L.H., G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden.,The Science for Life Laboratory (G.C., M.P.), Uppsala University, Sweden
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Parv K, Westerlund N, Merchant K, Komijani M, Lindsay RS, Christoffersson G. Phagocytosis and Efferocytosis by Resident Macrophages in the Mouse Pancreas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:606175. [PMID: 34113315 PMCID: PMC8185276 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.606175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue microenvironment in the mouse pancreas has been shown to promote very different polarizations of resident macrophages with islet-resident macrophages displaying an inflammatory "M1" profile and macrophages in the exocrine tissue mostly displaying an alternatively activated "M2" profile. The impact of this polarization on tissue homeostasis and diabetes development is unclear. In this study, the ability of pancreas-resident macrophages to phagocyte bacterial and endogenous debris was investigated. Mouse endocrine and exocrine tissues were separated, and tissue-resident macrophages were isolated by magnetic immunolabeling. Isolated macrophages were subjected to flow cytometry for polarization markers and qPCR for phagocytosis-related genes. Functional in vitro investigations included phagocytosis and efferocytosis assays using pH-sensitive fluorescent bacterial particles and dead fluorescent neutrophils, respectively. Intravital confocal imaging of in situ phagocytosis and efferocytosis in the pancreas was used to confirm findings in vivo. Gene expression analysis revealed no significant overall difference in expression of most phagocytosis-related genes in islet-resident vs. exocrine-resident macrophages included in the analysis. In this study, pancreas-resident macrophages were shown to differ in their ability to phagocyte bacterial and endogenous debris depending on their microenvironment. This difference in abilities may be one of the factors polarizing islet-resident macrophages to an inflammatory state since phagocytosis has been found to imprint macrophage heterogeneity. It remains unclear if this difference has any implications in the development of islet dysfunction or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Parv
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Kevin Merchant
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Milad Komijani
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robin S. Lindsay
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Christoffersson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Gustaf Christoffersson,
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Abstract
At the time of Ivan Pavlov, pancreatic innervation was studied by looking at pancreas secretions in response to electrical stimulation of nerves. Nowadays we have ways to visualize neuronal activity in real time thanks to advances in fluorescent reporters and imaging techniques. We also have very precise optogenetic and pharmacogenetic approaches that allow neuronal manipulations in a very specific manner. These technological advances have been extensively employed for studying the central nervous system and are just beginning to be incorporated for studying visceral innervation. Pancreatic innervation is complex, and the role it plays in physiology and pathophysiology of the organ is still not fully understood. In this review we highlight anatomical aspects of pancreatic innervation, techniques for pancreatic neuronal labeling, and approaches for imaging pancreatic innervation in vitro and in vivo.
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Bamberg K, William-Olsson L, Johansson U, Arner A, Hartleib-Geschwindner J, Sällström J. Electrolyte handling in the isolated perfused rat kidney: demonstration of vasopressin V2-receptor-dependent calcium reabsorption. Ups J Med Sci 2020; 125:274-280. [PMID: 32812807 PMCID: PMC7594766 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2020.1804496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most profound effect of vasopressin on the kidney is to increase water reabsorption through V2-receptor (V2R) stimulation, but there are also data suggesting effects on calcium transport. To address this issue, we have established an isolated perfused kidney model with accurate pressure control, to directly study the effects of V2R stimulation on kidney function, isolated from systemic effects. METHODS The role of V2R in renal calcium handling was studied in isolated rat kidneys using a new pressure control system that uses a calibration curve to compensate for the internal pressure drop up to the tip of the perfusion cannula. RESULTS Kidneys subjected to V2R stimulation using desmopressin (DDAVP) displayed stable osmolality and calcium reabsorption throughout the experiment, whereas kidneys not administered DDAVP exhibited a simultaneous fall in urine osmolality and calcium reabsorption. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) inhibition using amiloride resulted in a marked increase in potassium reabsorption along with decreased sodium reabsorption. CONCLUSIONS A stable isolated perfused kidney model with computer-controlled pressure regulation was developed, which retained key physiological functions. The preparation responds to pharmacological inhibition of ENaC channels and activation of V2R. Using the model, the dynamic effects of V2R stimulation on calcium handling and urine osmolality could be visualised. The study thereby provides evidence for a stimulatory role of V2R in renal calcium reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krister Bamberg
- Translational Sciences and Experimental Medicines, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena William-Olsson
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Johansson
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Judith Hartleib-Geschwindner
- Projects, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Sällström
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- CONTACT Johan Sällström Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, Husargatan 3, SE-751 23Uppsala, Sweden
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Christoffersson G, Ratliff SS, von Herrath MG. Interference with pancreatic sympathetic signaling halts the onset of diabetes in mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/35/eabb2878. [PMID: 33052874 PMCID: PMC7531904 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The notably lobular distribution of immune lesions in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been hypothesized to be the result of innervation within the pancreas. To investigate whether neuroimmune interactions could explain this phenomenon, we explored the impact of sympathetic signaling in the RIP-LCMV-GP mouse model of autoimmune diabetes. In this model, the CD8+ T cell attack on β cells replicates a key pathogenic feature of human T1D. We found that inhibition of α1 adrenoceptors, ablation of sympathetic nerves, and surgical denervation all had a protective effect in this model, without affecting the systemic presence of β cell-reactive CD8+ T cells. In vivo multiphoton imaging revealed a local effect within pancreatic islets including limited infiltration of both macrophages and β cell-specific CD8+ T cells. Islet-resident macrophages expressed adrenoceptors and were responsive to catecholamines. Islet macrophages may therefore constitute a pivotal neuroimmune signaling relay and could be a target for future interventions in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Christoffersson
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | | | - Matthias G von Herrath
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Matuszak J, Tabuchi A, Kuebler WM. Ventilation and Perfusion at the Alveolar Level: Insights From Lung Intravital Microscopy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 32308629 PMCID: PMC7145899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) offers unique possibilities for the observation of biological processes and disease related mechanisms in vivo. Especially for anatomically complex and dynamic organs such as the lung and its main functional unit, the alveolus, IVM provides exclusive advantages in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. By the use of lung windows, which have advanced and improved over time, direct access to the lung surface is provided. In this review we will discuss two main topics, namely alveolar dynamics and perfusion from the perspective of IVM-based studies. Of special interest are unanswered questions regarding alveolar dynamics such as: What are physiologic alveolar dynamics? How do these dynamics change under pathologic conditions and how do those changes contribute to ventilator-induced lung injury? How can alveolar dynamics be targeted in a beneficial way? With respect to alveolar perfusion IVM has propelled our understanding of the pulmonary microcirculation and its perfusion, as well as pulmonary vasoreactivity, permeability and immunological aspects. Whereas the general mechanism behind these processes are understood, we still lack a proper understanding of the complex, multidimensional interplay between alveolar ventilation and microvascular perfusion, capillary recruitment, or vascular immune responses under physiologic and pathologic conditions. These are only part of the unanswered questions and problems, which we still have to overcome. IVM as the tool of choice might allow us to answer part of these questions within the next years or decades. As every method, IVM has advantages as well as limitations, which have to be taken into account for data analysis and interpretation, which will be addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Matuszak
- Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arata Tabuchi
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael’s, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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