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Brochut M, Heinonen T, Snäkä T, Gilbert C, Le Roy D, Roger T. Using weight loss to predict outcome and define a humane endpoint in preclinical sepsis studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21150. [PMID: 39256525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical mouse models are critical for understanding the pathophysiological response to infections and developing treatment strategies for sepsis. In keeping with ethical values, researchers follow guidelines to minimize the suffering of the mice. Weight loss is a criteria used as a humane end point, but there is no official recommendation for a maximum weight loss leading to euthanasia. To evaluate whether the thresholds used in daily practice are optimal, we performed a comprehensive retrospective analysis of data generated over 10 years with > 2300 mice used in models of infection with Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans and H1N1 influenza virus. Weight loss segregated mice that survived from those that did not. Statistical analyses revealed that lowering the weight loss thresholds used (none, 30% or 20%) would have increased mortality rates due to the sacrifice of mice that survived infections (p < 0.01-0.001). Power calculations showed high variability and reduction of power as weight loss thresholds approached 20% for S. pneumoniae and L. monocytogenes models. Hence, weight loss thresholds need to be adapted to each model of infection used in a laboratory. Overall, weight loss is a valuable predictor of mortality that contributes to the robustness of composite scores. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive study exploring the relationship between weight loss threshold and sepsis outcome. It underscores the importance of the infection-model-specific evaluation of weight loss for use in clinical scores defining humane endpoints to minimize mouse suffering without compromising statistical power and scientific objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlick Brochut
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CLED.04.407, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tytti Heinonen
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CLED.04.407, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Snäkä
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CLED.04.407, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Charly Gilbert
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CLED.04.407, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CLED.04.407, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, CLED.04.407, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Ahmed M, Riaz U, Lv H, Yang L. A Molecular Perspective and Role of NAD + in Ovarian Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4680. [PMID: 38731898 PMCID: PMC11083308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The decline in female fecundity is linked to advancing chronological age. The ovarian reserve diminishes in quantity and quality as women age, impacting reproductive efficiency and the aging process in the rest of the body. NAD+ is an essential coenzyme in cellular energy production, metabolism, cell signaling, and survival. It is involved in aging and is linked to various age-related conditions. Hallmarks associated with aging, diseases, and metabolic dysfunctions can significantly affect fertility by disturbing the delicate relationship between energy metabolism and female reproduction. Enzymes such as sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38 play essential roles in NAD+ biology, which actively consume NAD+ in their enzymatic activities. In recent years, NAD+ has gained much attention for its role in aging and age-related diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting its involvement in various pathophysiological processes. However, its impact on female reproduction is not well understood. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by comprehensively exploring the complex interplay between NAD+ biology and female reproductive aging and providing valuable information that could help develop plans to improve women's reproductive health and prevent fertility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Ahmed
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (U.R.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Umair Riaz
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (U.R.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haimiao Lv
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (U.R.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (U.R.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Liu X, Zhu C, Jia S, Deng H, Tang J, Sun X, Zeng X, Chen X, Wang Z, Liu W, Liao Q, Zha H, Cai X, Xiao W. Dual modifying of MAVS at lysine 7 by SIRT3-catalyzed deacetylation and SIRT5-catalyzed desuccinylation orchestrates antiviral innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314201121. [PMID: 38635631 PMCID: PMC11047105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314201121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To effectively protect the host from viral infection while avoiding excessive immunopathology, the innate immune response must be tightly controlled. However, the precise regulation of antiviral innate immunity and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we find that sirtuin3 (SIRT3) interacts with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) to catalyze MAVS deacetylation at lysine residue 7 (K7), which promotes MAVS aggregation, as well as TANK-binding kinase I and IRF3 phosphorylation, resulting in increased MAVS activation and enhanced type I interferon signaling. Consistent with these findings, loss of Sirt3 in mice and zebrafish renders them more susceptible to viral infection compared to their wild-type (WT) siblings. However, Sirt3 and Sirt5 double-deficient mice exhibit the same viral susceptibility as their WT littermates, suggesting that loss of Sirt5 in Sirt3-deficient mice may counteract the increased viral susceptibility displayed in Sirt3-deficient mice. Thus, we not only demonstrate that SIRT3 positively regulates antiviral immunity in vitro and in vivo, likely via MAVS, but also uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism by which SIRT3 acts as an accelerator and SIRT5 as a brake to orchestrate antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- The Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Chunchun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Shuke Jia
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Hongyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Jinhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xueyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Qian Liao
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Huangyuan Zha
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan430070, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- The Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan430072, China
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4
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You J, Li Y, Chong W. The role and therapeutic potential of SIRTs in sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394925. [PMID: 38690282 PMCID: PMC11058839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's dysfunctional response to infection. Abnormal activation of the immune system and disturbance of energy metabolism play a key role in the development of sepsis. In recent years, the Sirtuins (SIRTs) family has been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. SIRTs, as a class of histone deacetylases (HDACs), are widely involved in cellular inflammation regulation, energy metabolism and oxidative stress. The effects of SIRTs on immune cells are mainly reflected in the regulation of inflammatory pathways. This regulation helps balance the inflammatory response and may lessen cell damage and organ dysfunction in sepsis. In terms of energy metabolism, SIRTs can play a role in immunophenotypic transformation by regulating cell metabolism, improve mitochondrial function, increase energy production, and maintain cell energy balance. SIRTs also regulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protecting cells from oxidative stress damage by activating antioxidant defense pathways and maintaining a balance between oxidants and reducing agents. Current studies have shown that several potential drugs, such as Resveratrol and melatonin, can enhance the activity of SIRT. It can help to reduce inflammatory response, improve energy metabolism and reduce oxidative stress, showing potential clinical application prospects for the treatment of sepsis. This review focuses on the regulation of SIRT on inflammatory response, energy metabolism and oxidative stress of immune cells, as well as its important influence on multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis, and discusses and summarizes the effects of related drugs and compounds on reducing multiple organ damage in sepsis through the pathway involving SIRTs. SIRTs may become a new target for the treatment of sepsis and its resulting organ dysfunction, providing new ideas and possibilities for the treatment of this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi You
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Luan Y, Zhu X, Jiao Y, Liu H, Huang Z, Pei J, Xu Y, Yang Y, Ren K. Cardiac cell senescence: molecular mechanisms, key proteins and therapeutic targets. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:78. [PMID: 38355681 PMCID: PMC10866973 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac aging, particularly cardiac cell senescence, is a natural process that occurs as we age. Heart function gradually declines in old age, leading to continuous heart failure, even in people without a prior history of heart disease. To address this issue and improve cardiac cell function, it is crucial to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac senescence. This review summarizes the main mechanisms and key proteins involved in cardiac cell senescence. This review further discusses the molecular modulators of cellular senescence in aging hearts. Furthermore, the discussion will encompass comprehensive descriptions of the key drugs, modes of action and potential targets for intervention in cardiac senescence. By offering a fresh perspective and comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms of cardiac senescence, this review seeks to provide a fresh perspective and important theoretical foundations for the development of drugs targeting this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yuxue Jiao
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No.3 Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
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6
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Xu CQ, Li J, Liang ZQ, Zhong YL, Zhang ZH, Hu XQ, Cao YB, Chen J. Sirtuins in macrophage immune metabolism: A novel target for cardiovascular disorders. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128270. [PMID: 38000586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), as a family of NAD+-dependent protein modifying enzymes, have various catalytic functions, such as deacetylases, dealkalylases, and deribonucleases. The Sirtuins family is directly or indirectly involved in pathophysiological processes such as glucolipid metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA repair and inflammatory response through various pathways and assumes an important role in several cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hypertension and heart failure. A growing number of studies supports that metabolic and bioenergetic reprogramming directs the sequential process of inflammation. Failure of homeostatic restoration leads to many inflammatory diseases, and that macrophages are the central cells involving the inflammatory response and are the main source of inflammatory cytokines. Regulation of cellular metabolism has emerged as a fundamental process controlling macrophage function, but its exact signaling mechanisms remain to be revealed. Understanding the precise molecular basis of metabolic control of macrophage inflammatory processes may provide new approaches for targeting immune metabolism and inflammation. Here, we provide an update of studies in cardiovascular disease on the function and role of sirtuins in macrophage inflammation and metabolism, as well as drug candidates that may interfere with sirtuins, pointing to future prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Qin Xu
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liang
- Department of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Yi-Lang Zhong
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xue-Qing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Yong-Bing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China.
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7
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Shen S, Shen M, Kuang L, Yang K, Wu S, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Y. SIRT1/SREBPs-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107037. [PMID: 38070792 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins, also called silent information regulator 2, are enzymes that rely on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to function as histone deacetylases. Further investigation is warranted to explore the advantageous impacts of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a constituent of the sirtuin group, on lipid metabolism, in addition to its well-researched involvement in extending lifespan. The regulation of gene expression has been extensively linked to SIRT1. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) is a substrate of SIRT1 that has attracted significant interest due to its role in multiple cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, and metabolic functions. Hence, the objective of this analysis was to investigate and elucidate the correlation between SIRT1 and SREBPs, as well as assess the contribution of SIRT1/SREBPs in mitigating lipid metabolism dysfunction. The objective of this research was to investigate whether SIRT1 and SREBPs could be utilized as viable targets for therapeutic intervention in managing complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Mingyang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Lirun Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Keyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Shiran Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Xinde Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
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8
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Role of succinic acid in the regulation of sepsis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109065. [PMID: 35853278 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease characterized by a defensive response to damage. The immune response in patients with sepsis is overenhanced in the early stages and suppressed in the later stages, leading to poor prognosis. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic changes play a role in sepsis. Metabolic intermediates such as elevated succinic acid levels are significantly altered in patients with sepsis. Succinic acid, a metabolic intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, participates in energy supply and plays a role in metabolic reprogramming. Simultaneously, as an epigenetic regulator, it participates in gene transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. It also participates in the inflammatory response, hypoxia, and the production of reactive oxygen species via endocrine and paracrine pathways. In this review, we have discussed the effects of succinic acid on sepsis and its therapeutic potential.
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Wu S, Liu H. Sirtuins-Novel Regulators of Epigenetic Alterations in Airway Inflammation. Front Genet 2022; 13:862577. [PMID: 35620467 PMCID: PMC9127257 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.862577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modification is an important epigenetic alteration, and histone deacetylases are involved in the occurrence and development of various respiratory diseases. Sirtuins (SIRTs) have been demonstrated to play an important role in the formation and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. SIRTs participate in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation and are related to cell structure and cellular localization. This paper summarizes the roles and mechanisms of SIRTs in airway inflammation and describes the latest research on SIRT modulators, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the study of potential epigenetic alteration-inducing drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Wu
- Department of Otolaryngological, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Military Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhai Liu
- Department of Otolaryngological, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Military Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, China
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SIRT1-SIRT7 Expression in Patients with Lymphoproliferative Disorders Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051213. [PMID: 35267521 PMCID: PMC8909005 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are involved in the fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), including their metabolism, stress response, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to explore SIRT1-7 expression during HSC mobilization. The study included 50 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders (39 multiple myeloma, 11 lymphoma). Samples were taken before mobilization (day 0) and on the day of first apheresis (day A). The sirtuin expression was evaluated by the Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) method. A significant increase of the SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT5, SIRT6, and SIRT7 levels measured at day A as compared to baseline was observed. The study revealed a positive correlation between SIRT5, SIRT6, and SIRT7 expression and the CD34+ peak value in peripheral blood and the number of CD34+ cells collected on day A. Patients from the SIRT7 “high expressors” group collected more CD34+ cells on day A than “low expressors”. Upregulated expressions of SIRT3 and SIRT7 on the day of first apheresis were observed in patients in complete remission status (CR) as compared to the non-CR group. Our results suggest that the investigated sirtuins may influence the HSC migration and hematopoietic landscape during mobilization. SIRT5, SIRT6, and SIRT7 may be associated with the efficacy of HSC mobilization.
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Duan Q, Ding J, Li F, Liu X, Zhao Y, Yu H, Liu Y, Zhang L. Sirtuin 5 is Dispensable for CD8 + T Cell Effector and Memory Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:761193. [PMID: 34966740 PMCID: PMC8710726 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell effector and memory differentiation is tightly controlled at multiple levels including transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic regulation. Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a protein deacetylase mainly located at mitochondria, but it remains unclear whether SIRT5 plays key roles in regulating CD8+ T cell effector or memory formation. Herein, with adoptive transfer of Sirt5+/+ or Sirt5−/− OT-1 cells and acute Listeria monocytogenes infection model, we demonstrate that SIRT5 deficiency does not affect CD8+ T cell effector function and that SIRT5 is not required for CD8+ T cell memory formation. Moreover, the recall response of SIRT5 deficient memory CD8+ T cells is comparable with Sirt5+/+ memory CD8+ T cells. Together, these observations suggest that SIRT5 is dispensable for the effector function and memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Duan
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiying Ding
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Electromagnetic Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Electromagnetic Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongxiu Yu
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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12
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Gandhirajan A, Roychowdhury S, Vachharajani V. Sirtuins and Sepsis: Cross Talk between Redox and Epigenetic Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010003. [PMID: 35052507 PMCID: PMC8772830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients in the US. The immune response in sepsis transitions from a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant hyper-inflammation to an anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective hypo-inflammatory phase. While 1/3rd sepsis-related deaths occur during hyper-, a vast majority of sepsis-mortality occurs during the hypo-inflammation. Hyper-inflammation is cytotoxic for the immune cells and cannot be sustained. As a compensatory mechanism, the immune cells transition from cytotoxic hyper-inflammation to a cytoprotective hypo-inflammation with anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive phase. However, the hypo-inflammation is associated with an inability to clear invading pathogens, leaving the host susceptible to secondary infections. Thus, the maladaptive immune response leads to a marked departure from homeostasis during sepsis-phases. The transition from hyper- to hypo-inflammation occurs via epigenetic programming. Sirtuins, a highly conserved family of histone deacetylators and guardians of homeostasis, are integral to the epigenetic programming in sepsis. Through their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, the sirtuins modulate the immune response in sepsis. We review the role of sirtuins in orchestrating the interplay between the oxidative stress and epigenetic programming during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anugraha Gandhirajan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.G.); (S.R.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Li M, Melnick AM. Non-oncogene Addiction to SIRT5 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2021; 2:198-200. [PMID: 34661155 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Yan and colleagues discovered that mitochondrial deacylase, SIRT5, is required in AML cells to support mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, maintain redox homeostasis, and drive glutaminolysis. The new SIRT5 inhibitor, NRD167, can efficiently target SIRT5 in AMLs at micromolar range and may constitute a novel therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes of patients with AML. See related article by Yan et al., p. 266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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14
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Théroude C, Reverte M, Heinonen T, Ciarlo E, Schrijver IT, Antonakos N, Maillard N, Pralong F, Le Roy D, Roger T. Trained Immunity Confers Prolonged Protection From Listeriosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:723393. [PMID: 34603295 PMCID: PMC8484647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity refers to the ability of the innate immune system exposed to a first challenge to provide an enhanced response to a secondary homologous or heterologous challenge. We reported that training induced with β-glucan one week before infection confers protection against a broad-spectrum of lethal bacterial infections. Whether this protection persists over time is unknown. To tackle this question, we analyzed the immune status and the response to Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) of mice trained 9 weeks before analysis. The induction of trained immunity increased bone marrow myelopoiesis and blood counts of Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Ex vivo, whole blood, PMNs and monocytes from trained mice produced increased levels of cytokines in response to microbial products and limited the growth of L. monocytogenes. In vivo, following challenge with L. monocytogenes, peripheral blood leukocytes were massively depleted in control mice but largely preserved in trained mice. PMNs were reduced also in the spleen from control mice, and increased in the spleen of trained mice. In transwell experiments, PMNs from trained mice showed increased spontaneous migration and CXCL2/MIP2α-induced chemotaxis, suggesting that training promotes the migration of PMNs in peripheral organs targeted by L. monocytogenes. Trained PMNs and monocytes had higher glycolytic activity and mitochondrial respiration than control cells when exposed to L. monocytogenes. Bacterial burden and dissemination in blood, spleen and liver as well as systemic cytokines and inflammation (multiplex bead assay and bioluminescence imaging) were reduced in trained mice. In full agreement with these results, mice trained 9 weeks before infection were powerfully protected from lethal listeriosis. Altogether, these data suggest that training increases the generation and the antimicrobial activity of PMNs and monocytes, which may confer prolonged protection from lethal bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Théroude
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Marta Reverte
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tytti Heinonen
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Ciarlo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Irene T Schrijver
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Antonakos
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Maillard
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Florian Pralong
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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15
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Kim YJ, Lee SH, Jeon SM, Silwal P, Seo JY, Hanh BTB, Park JW, Whang J, Lee MJ, Heo JY, Kim SH, Kim JM, Song GY, Jang J, Jo EK. Sirtuin 3 is essential for host defense against Mycobacterium abscessus infection through regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Virulence 2021; 11:1225-1239. [PMID: 32835604 PMCID: PMC7549921 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1809961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabc), a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterial strain that causes treatment-refractory pulmonary diseases, is increasing. Despite this, the host factors that allow for protection against infection are largely unknown. In this study, we found that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial protein deacetylase, plays a critical role in host defense against Mabc infection. Mabc decreased SIRT3 and upregulated mitochondrial oxidative stress in macrophages. SIRT3 deficiency led to increased bacterial loads, histopathological, and mitochondrial damage, and pathological inflammation during Mabc infection. Administration of scavengers of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species significantly decreased the in vivo Mabc burden and excessive inflammation, and induced SIRT3 expression in infected lungs. Notably, SIRT3 agonist (resveratrol) significantly decreased Mabc growth and attenuated inflammation in mice and zebrafishes, indicating the key role for SIRT3 in metazoan host defense. Collectively, these data strongly suggest that SIRT3 is a host-directed therapeutic target against Mabc infection by controlling mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute , Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Jeon
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Seo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bui Thi Bich Hanh
- Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotics, Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (Bk21plus Program), Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of Toxicology , Jinju, Korea.,Human and Environmental Toxicology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jake Whang
- Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC) & Basic Research Section, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis (KIT) 168-5 , Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joung Lee
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Korea
| | - Jun Young Heo
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soon Ha Kim
- MitoImmune Therapeutics, Inc ., Ganhnam-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Pathology; Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Korea
| | - Gyu Yong Song
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jichan Jang
- Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotics, Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine , Daejeon, Korea
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16
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Di Emidio G, Falone S, Artini PG, Amicarelli F, D’Alessandro AM, Tatone C. Mitochondrial Sirtuins in Reproduction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071047. [PMID: 34209765 PMCID: PMC8300669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria act as hubs of numerous metabolic pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunctions contribute to altering the redox balance and predispose to aging and metabolic alterations. The sirtuin family is composed of seven members and three of them, SIRT3-5, are housed in mitochondria. They catalyze NAD+-dependent deacylation and the ADP-ribosylation of mitochondrial proteins, thereby modulating gene expression and activities of enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism and stress responses. In this context, mitochondrial sirtuins (mtSIRTs) act in synergistic or antagonistic manners to protect from aging and aging-related metabolic abnormalities. In this review, we focus on the role of mtSIRTs in the biological competence of reproductive cells, organs, and embryos. Most studies are focused on SIRT3 in female reproduction, providing evidence that SIRT3 improves the competence of oocytes in humans and animal models. Moreover, SIRT3 protects oocytes, early embryos, and ovaries against stress conditions. The relationship between derangement of SIRT3 signaling and the imbalance of ROS and antioxidant defenses in testes has also been demonstrated. Very little is known about SIRT4 and SIRT5 functions in the reproductive system. The final goal of this work is to understand whether sirtuin-based signaling may be taken into account as potential targets for therapeutic applications in female and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Di Emidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)-862-433-441
| | - Stefano Falone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Paolo Giovanni Artini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology “P. Fioretti”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Anna Maria D’Alessandro
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
| | - Carla Tatone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.F.); (F.A.); (A.M.D.); (C.T.)
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17
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Ciarlo E, Heinonen T, Théroude C, Asgari F, Le Roy D, Netea MG, Roger T. Trained Immunity Confers Broad-Spectrum Protection Against Bacterial Infections. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:1869-1881. [PMID: 31889191 PMCID: PMC7653089 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The innate immune system recalls a challenge to adapt to a secondary challenge, a phenomenon called trained immunity. Training involves cellular metabolic, epigenetic and functional reprogramming, but how broadly trained immunity protects from infections is unknown. For the first time, we addressed whether trained immunity provides protection in a large panel of preclinical models of infections. Methods Mice were trained and subjected to systemic infections, peritonitis, enteritis, and pneumonia induced by Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter rodentium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacteria, cytokines, leukocytes, and hematopoietic precursors were quantified in blood, bone marrow, and organs. The role of monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, and interleukin 1 signaling was investigated using depletion or blocking approaches. Results Induction of trained immunity protected mice in all preclinical models, including when training and infection were initiated in distant organs. Trained immunity increased bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors, blood Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes and granulocytes, and sustained blood antimicrobial responses. Monocytes/macrophages and interleukin 1 signaling were required to protect trained mice from listeriosis. Trained mice were efficiently protected from peritonitis and listeriosis for up to 5 weeks. Conclusions Trained immunity confers broad-spectrum protection against lethal bacterial infections. These observations support the development of trained immunity-based strategies to improve host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ciarlo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tytti Heinonen
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Théroude
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fatemeh Asgari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, and Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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18
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Ni T, Lin N, Huang X, Lu W, Sun Z, Zhang J, Lin H, Chi J, Guo H. Icariin Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Apelin/Sirt3 Signalling to Improve Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:256. [PMID: 32265695 PMCID: PMC7106769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial contractile dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyocytes is a significant promoter of heart failure. Herein, we investigated the effect of icariin, a flavonoid monomer isolated from Epimedium, on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and explored the mechanisms underlying its unique pharmacological cardioprotective functions. High glucose (HG) conditions were simulated in vitro using cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal C57 mice, while DCM was stimulated in vivo in db/db mice. Mice and cardiomyocytes were treated with icariin, with or without overexpression or silencing of Apelin and Sirt3 via transfection with adenoviral vectors (Ad-RNA) and specific small hairpin RNAs (Ad-sh-RNA), respectively. Icariin markedly improved mitochondrial function both in vivo and in vitro, as evidenced by an increased level of mitochondrial-related proteins via western blot analysis (PGC-1α, Mfn2, and Cyt-b) and an increased mitochondrial membrane potential, as observed via JC-1 staining. Further, icariin treatment decreased cardiac fibrogenesis (Masson staining), and inhibited apoptosis (TUNEL staining). Together, these changes improved cardiac function, according to multiple transthoracic echocardiography parameters, including LVEF, LVSF, LVESD, and LVEDD. Moreover, icariin significantly activated Apelin and Sirt3, which were inhibited by HG and DCM. Importantly, when Ad-sh-Apelin and Ad-sh-Sirt3 were transfected in cardiomyocytes or injected into the heart of db/db mice, the cardioprotective effects of icariin were abolished and mitochondrial homeostasis was disrupted. Further, it was postulated that since Ad-Apelin induced different results following increased Sirt3 expression, icariin may have attenuated DCM development by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction through the Apelin/Sirt3 pathway. Hence, protection against mitochondrial dysfunction using icariin may prove to be a promising therapeutic strategy against DCM in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingxiao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jufang Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing people's Hospital (Shaoxing hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Hangyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shaoxing people's Hospital (Shaoxing hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
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19
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Heinonen T, Ciarlo E, Rigoni E, Regina J, Le Roy D, Roger T. Dual Deletion of the Sirtuins SIRT2 and SIRT3 Impacts on Metabolism and Inflammatory Responses of Macrophages and Protects From Endotoxemia. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2713. [PMID: 31849939 PMCID: PMC6901967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) and SIRT3 are cytoplasmic and mitochondrial NAD-dependent deacetylases. SIRT2 and SIRT3 target proteins involved in metabolic, proliferation and inflammation pathways and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative, metabolic and oncologic disorders. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects have been attributed to SIRT2 and SIRT3, and single deficiency in SIRT2 or SIRT3 had minor or no impact on antimicrobial innate immune responses. Here, we generated a SIRT2/3 double deficient mouse line to study the interactions between SIRT2 and SIRT3. SIRT2/3−/− mice developed normally and showed subtle alterations of immune cell populations in the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, blood and peritoneal cavity that contained notably more anti-inflammatory B-1a cells and less NK cells. In vitro, SIRT2/3−/− macrophages favored fatty acid oxidation (FAO) over glycolysis and produced increased levels of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In line with metabolic adaptation and increased numbers of peritoneal B-1a cells, SIRT2/3−/− mice were robustly protected from endotoxemia. Yet, SIRT2/3 double deficiency did not modify endotoxin tolerance. Overall, these data suggest that sirtuins can act in concert or compensate each other for certain immune functions, a parameter to be considered for drug development. Moreover, inhibitors targeting multiple sirtuins developed for clinical purposes may be useful to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytti Heinonen
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Ciarlo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ersilia Rigoni
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Regina
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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