1
|
Michael F, Mirambo MM, Lyimo D, Salehe A, Kyesi F, Msanga DR, Mahamba D, Nyawale H, Kwiyolecha E, Okamo B, Mwanyika PJ, Maghina V, Bendera E, Salehe M, Hokororo A, Mwipopo E, Khamis AC, Nyaki H, Magodi R, Mujuni D, Konje ET, Katembo B, Wilillo R, Mshana SE. Rotavirus genotype diversity in Tanzania during Rotavirus vaccine implementation between 2013 and 2018. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21795. [PMID: 38066194 PMCID: PMC10709589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to determine Rotavirus genotypes between 2013 and 2018 during implementation of ROTARIX vaccine in Tanzania. The analysis of surveillance data obtained between 2013 and 2018 was done to determine circulating genotypes after introduction of Rotarix vaccine. From 2013 to 2018, a total of 10,557 samples were collected and screened for Rotavirus using an enzyme immunoassay. A significant decrease in Rotavirus positivity (29.3% to 17.8%) from 2013 to 2018 (OR 0.830, 95% CI 0.803-0.857, P < 0.001) was observed. A total of 766 randomly selected Rotavirus positive samples were genotyped. Between 2013 and 2018, a total of 18 Rotavirus genotypes were detected with G1P [8] being the most prevalent. The G1P [8] strain was found to decrease from 72.3% in 2015 to 13.5% in 2018 while the G9P [4] strain increased from 1 to 67.7% in the same years. G2P [4] was found to decrease from 59.7% in 2013 to 6.8% in 2018 while G3P [6] decreased from 11.2% in 2014 to 4.1% in 2018. The data has clearly demonstrated that ROTARIX vaccine has provided protection to varieties of the wild-type Rotavirus strains. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the circulation of Rotavirus strains during this era of vaccine implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausta Michael
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Mariam M Mirambo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Dafrossa Lyimo
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Abdul Salehe
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Furaha Kyesi
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Delfina R Msanga
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Dina Mahamba
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 395, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Helmut Nyawale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth Kwiyolecha
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Bernard Okamo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Paul J Mwanyika
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 419, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Victoria Maghina
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 419, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Elice Bendera
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muheza Designated District Hospital, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed Salehe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Bombo Regional Referral Hospital, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Adolfine Hokororo
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Ernestina Mwipopo
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Asha C Khamis
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Temeke Regional Referral Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Honest Nyaki
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Richard Magodi
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Delphius Mujuni
- Ministry of Health, Immunization and Vaccine Development Program, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Eveline T Konje
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Betina Katembo
- National Public Health Laboratory, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ritha Wilillo
- World Health Organization, Country Office, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Usman M, Ayub A, Habib S, Rana MS, Rehman Z, Zohaib A, Jamal SB, Jaiswal AK, Andrade BS, de Carvalho Azevedo V, Faheem M, Javed A. Vaccinomics Approach for Multi-Epitope Vaccine Design against Group A Rotavirus Using VP4 and VP7 Proteins. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:726. [PMID: 37112638 PMCID: PMC10144065 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A is the most common cause of Acute Gastroenteritis globally among children <5 years of age. Due to a segmented genome, there is a high frequency of genetic reassortment and interspecies transmission which has resulted in the emergence of novel genotypes. There are concerns that monovalent (Rotarix: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) and pentavalent (RotaTeq: MERCK & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA) vaccines may be less effective against non-vaccine strains, which clearly shows the demand for the design of a vaccine that is equally effective against all circulating genotypes. In the present study, a multivalent vaccine was designed from VP4 and VP7 proteins of RVA. Epitopes were screened for antigenicity, allergenicity, homology with humans and anti-inflammatory properties. The vaccine contains four B-cell, three CTL and three HTL epitopes joined via linkers and an N-terminal RGD motif adjuvant. The 3D structure was predicted and refined preceding its docking with integrin. Immune simulation displayed promising results both in Asia and worldwide. In the MD simulation, the RMSD value varied from 0.2 to 1.6 nm while the minimum integrin amino acid fluctuation (0.05-0.1 nm) was observed with its respective ligand. Codon optimization was performed with an adenovirus vector in a mammalian expression system. The population coverage analysis showed 99.0% and 98.47% in South Asia and worldwide, respectively. These computational findings show potential against all RVA genotypes; however, in-vitro/in-vivo screening is essential to devise a meticulous conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Aaima Ayub
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Habib
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Zaira Rehman
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Health, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zohaib
- Department of Microbiology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Syed Babar Jamal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan (M.F.)
| | - Arun Kumar Jaiswal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), PG Program in Bioinformatics, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva Andrade
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Bahia 45083-900, Brazil
| | - Vasco de Carvalho Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), PG Program in Bioinformatics, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan (M.F.)
| | - Aneela Javed
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vaccine evaluation and genotype characterization in children infected with rotavirus in Qatar. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02468-7. [PMID: 36658331 PMCID: PMC10382313 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We characterized and identified the genetic and antigenic variations of circulating rotavirus strains in comparison to used rotavirus vaccines. METHODS Rotavirus-positive samples (n = 231) were collected and analyzed. The VP7 and VP4 genes were sequenced and analyzed against the rotavirus vaccine strains. Antigenic variations were illustrated on the three-dimensional models of surface proteins. RESULTS In all, 59.7% of the hospitalized children were vaccinated, of which only 57.2% received two doses. There were no significant differences between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups in terms of clinical outcome. The G3 was the dominant genotype (40%) regardless of vaccination status. Several amino acid changes were identified in the VP7 and VP4 antigenic epitopes compared to the licensed vaccines. The highest variability was seen in the G3 (6 substitutions) and P[4] (11 substitutions) genotypes in comparison to RotaTeq®. In comparison to Rotarix®, G1 strains possessed three amino acid changes in 7-1a and 7-2 epitopes while P[8] strains possessed five amino acid changes in 8-1 and 8-3 epitopes. CONCLUSIONS The current use of Rotarix® vaccine might not be effective in preventing the infection due to the higher numbers of G3-associated cases. The wide range of mutations in the antigenic epitopes compared to vaccine strains may compromise the vaccine's effectiveness. IMPACT The reduced rotavirus vaccine effectiveness necessitate regular evaluation of the vaccine content to ensure optimal protection. We characterized and identified the genetic and antigenic variations of circulating rotavirus strains in comparison to the Rotarix vaccine strain that is used in Qatar. The study highlight the importance for regular monitoring of emerging rotavirus variants and their impact on vaccine effectiveness in young children.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mao T, Wang M, Wang J, Ma Y, Liu X, Wang M, Sun X, Li L, Li H, Zhang Q, Li D, Duan Z. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral proteins VP4/VP7 of circulating human rotavirus strains in China from 2016 to 2019 and comparison of their antigenic epitopes with those of vaccine strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:927490. [PMID: 36004332 PMCID: PMC9393338 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.927490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the most common etiological agents of severe acute diarrhea among children under 5 years old worldwide. At present, two live-attenuated RVA vaccines, LLR (G10P[15]) and RotaTeq (G1–G4, G6 P[8], P[5]), have been introduced to mainland China. Although RVA vaccines can provide homotypic and partially heterotypic protection against several strains, it is necessary to explore the genetic and antigenic variations between circulating RVAs and vaccine strains. In this study, we sequenced viral protein VP7 and VP4 outer capsid proteins of 50 RVA strains circulating in China from 2016 to 2019. The VP7 and VP4 sequences of almost all strains showed high homology to those of previously reported human strains and vaccine strains of the same genotype. However, in the presumed antigenic epitopes of the VP7 and VP4, multiple amino acid variations were found, regardless of the G and P genotypes of these strains. Moreover, all circulating G3 RVA strains in China potentially possess an extra N-linked glycosylation site compared with the G3 strain of RotaTeq. The potential N-linked glycosylation site at residues 69–71 was found in all G9 strains in China but not in the G9 strain of the Rotavac or Rotasill vaccine. These variations in antigenic sites might result in the selection of strains that escape the RVA neutralizing-antibody pressure imposed by vaccines. Furthermore, the G4 and P[6] genotypes in this study showed high homology to those of porcine strains, indicating the transmission of G4 and P[6] genotypes from pigs to humans in China. More genetic surveillance with antigenic evaluation in prevalent RVAs is necessary for developing and implementing rotavirus vaccines in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Mao
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jindong Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yalin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiafei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dandi Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandi Li, ; Zhaojun Duan,
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandi Li, ; Zhaojun Duan,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Basharat N, Sadiq A, Dawood M, Ali S, Khan A, Ullah R, Khan H, Aziz A, Ali H, Shah AA, Ali I, Khan J. Rotavirus gastroenteritis in Pakistan, 2018: updated disease burden. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:426. [PMID: 33957883 PMCID: PMC8103586 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rotavirus A (RVA) is a significant cause of severe diarrheal illness and one of the common causes of death in children under the age of five. This study was aimed at detecting the prevalence of RVA in Pakistan after rotavirus vaccines were introduced. Fecal samples were obtained from 813 children from different hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan, from January 2018 to December 2018. To obtain additional information from the parents / guardians of the children, a standard questionnaire was used. Results Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ELISA), rotavirus antigen was detected and ELISA positive samples were subjected to reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The findings showed 22% prevalence of RVA in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) via ELISA and 21% prevalence via RT-PCR in children with AGE. There was no statistically significant difference between gender, age and RVA infections. The winter, spring and fall/autumn seasons were statistically significant for RVA prevalence. Conclusion The present study will provide post vaccine prevalence data for the health policy makers. The implementation of rotavirus vaccines, along with adequate nutrition for babies, clean water supply and maternal hygienic activities during infant feeding, is recommended. Furthermore, continuous surveillance is mandatory in the whole country to calculate the disease burden caused by RVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Basharat
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Sadiq
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Laboratory Technology, COMWAVE Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alam Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rooh Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hayat Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Aziz
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Ali
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jadoon Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|