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Xiang D, Zhou L, Yang R, Yuan F, Xu Y, Yang Y, Qiao Y, Li X. Advances in Ferroptosis-Inducing Agents by Targeted Delivery System in Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2091-2112. [PMID: 38476278 PMCID: PMC10929151 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s448715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer remains one of the most significant threats to human health. Treatment of most cancers remains challenging, despite the implementation of diverse therapies in clinical practice. In recent years, research on the mechanism of ferroptosis has presented novel perspectives for cancer treatment. Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death process caused by lipid peroxidation of membrane unsaturated fatty acids catalyzed by iron ions. The rapid development of bio-nanotechnology has generated considerable interest in exploiting iron-induced cell death as a new therapeutic target against cancer. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements at the intersection of iron-induced cell death and bionanotechnology. In this respect, the mechanism of iron-induced cell death and its relation to cancer are summarized. Furthermore, the feasibility of a nano-drug delivery system based on iron-induced cell death for cancer treatment is introduced and analyzed. Secondly, strategies for inducing iron-induced cell death using nanodrug delivery technology are discussed, including promoting Fenton reactions, inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4, reducing low glutathione levels, and inhibiting system Xc-. Additionally, the article explores the potential of combined treatment strategies involving iron-induced cell death and bionanotechnology. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of iron-induced nanoagents for cancer treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debiao Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Mu L, Hu S, Li G, Wu P, Zheng K, Zhang S. Comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation gene expression profiles in GEO dataset reveals biomarkers related to malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:53. [PMID: 38427106 PMCID: PMC10907326 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation may be involved in the regulation of malignant transformation from sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The study of gene methylation changes and screening of differentially methylated loci (DMLs) are helpful to predict the possible key genes in the malignant transformation of SNIP-SCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microarray dataset GSE125399 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially methylated loci (DMLs) were analyzed using R language (Limma package). ClusterProfiler R package was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) analysis on up-methylated genes and draw bubble maps. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and its visualization analysis were analyzed to speculate the possible key Genes in SNIP-SCC malignant transformation. Subsequently, SNIP cases archived in our department were collected, tissue microarray was made, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to analyze the expression levels of UCKL1, GSTT1, HLA-G, MAML2 and NRGN in different grades of sinonasal papilloma tissues. RESULTS Analysis of dataset GSE125399 identified 56 DMLs, including 49 upregulated DMLs and 7 downregulated DMLs. Thirty-one genes containing upregulated DNA methylation loci and three genes containing downregulated DNA methylation loci were obtained by methylation microarray annotation analysis. In addition, KEGG pathway visualization analysis of 31 up-methylated genes showed that there were four significantly up-methylated genes including UCKL1, GSTT1, HLA-G and MAML2, and one significantly down-methylated gene NRGN. Subsequently, compared with non-neoplasia nasal epithelial tissues, the expression of HLA-G and NRGN was upregulated in grade I, II, III and IV tissues, while the expression of MAML2 was lost. The protein expression changes of MAML2 and NRGN were significantly negatively correlated with their gene methylation levels. CONCLUSIONS By analyzing the methylation dataset, we obtained four up-regulated methylation genes UCKL1, GSTT1, HLA-G and MAML2 and one down-regulated gene NRGN. MAML2, a tumor suppressor gene with high methylation modification but loss of protein expression, and NRGN, a tumor gene with low methylation modification but upregulated protein expression, can be used as biological indicators to judge the malignant transformation of SNIP-SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Shun Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
- Department of Pathology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 999 Huashan Road, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
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Durmanova V, Tedla M, Rada D, Bandzuchova H, Kuba D, Suchankova M, Ocenasova A, Bucova M. Analysis of HLA-G 14 bp Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and HLA-G, ILT2 and ILT4 Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Diseases 2024; 12:34. [PMID: 38391781 PMCID: PMC10888050 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is the checkpoint molecule involved in the suppression of the immune response. Increased expression of HLA-G and its ILTs receptors have been correlated with tumor progression in various cancer types. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumors, the effect of HLA-G, ILT2 and ILT4 expression on cancer development has to be explained. The 34 HNSCC patients and 98 controls were genotyped for the HLA-G 14 bp ins/del polymorphism. In HNSCC lesions, HLA-G, ILT2 and ILT4 mRNA expression was analysed using real-time PCR. The association between HLA-G, ILT2 and ILT4 mRNA expression and clinical variables (age at onset, TNM staging system and p16 positivity) was also evaluated. No genetic association between the HLA-G 14 bp ins/del and HNSCC risk was detected (p > 0.05). However, in the non-metastatic HNSCC group, a significantly higher HLA-G mRNA expression was noted in tumors in the T4 stage compared to those in the T1 and T2 stages (p = 0.0289). ILT2 mRNA expression was significantly increased in non-metastatic vs. metastatic tumors (p = 0.0269). Furthermore, a significantly higher ILT4 mRNA expression was noted in tumors in the T1+T2 stage compared to those in the T3 stage (p = 0.0495). Our results suggest that the HLA-G molecule creates an immunological microenvironment involved in HNSCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimira Durmanova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Tedla
- Department of Ears, Nose and Throat and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bratislava, Comenius University in Bratislava, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Rada
- Department of Ears, Nose and Throat and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bratislava, Comenius University in Bratislava, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Daniel Kuba
- National Transplant Organisation, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magda Suchankova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Agata Ocenasova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Bucova
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Mejía-Guarnizo LV, Monroy-Camacho PS, Turizo-Smith AD, Rodríguez-García JA. The role of immune checkpoints in antitumor response: a potential antitumor immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1298571. [PMID: 38162657 PMCID: PMC10757365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1298571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy aims to stimulate the immune system to inhibit tumor growth or prevent metastases. Tumor cells primarily employ altered expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as a mechanism to avoid immune recognition and antitumor immune response. The antitumor immune response is primarily mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells, which plays a key role in the overall anti-tumor immune response. It is crucial to comprehend the molecular events occurring during the activation and subsequent regulation of these cell populations. The interaction between antigenic peptides presented on HLA-I molecules and the T-cell receptor (TCR) constitutes the initial signal required for T cell activation. Once activated, in physiologic circumstances, immune checkpoint expression by T cells suppress T cell effector functions when the antigen is removed, to ensures the maintenance of self-tolerance, immune homeostasis, and prevention of autoimmunity. However, in cancer, the overexpression of these molecules represents a common method through which tumor cells evade immune surveillance. Numerous therapeutic antibodies have been developed to inhibit immune checkpoints, demonstrating antitumor activity with fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. Nevertheless, it's worth noting that many immune checkpoint expressions occur after T cell activation and consequently, altered HLA expression on tumor cells could diminish the clinical efficacy of these antibodies. This review provides an in-depth exploration of immune checkpoint molecules, their corresponding blocking antibodies, and their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidy Vannessa Mejía-Guarnizo
- Cancer Biology Research Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
- Sciences Faculty, Master in Microbiology, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Jasinski-Bergner S, Eckstein M, Taubert H, Wach S, Fiebig C, Strick R, Hartmann A, Seliger B. The Human Leukocyte Antigen G as an Immune Escape Mechanism and Novel Therapeutic Target in Urological Tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811200. [PMID: 35185904 PMCID: PMC8855320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-classical human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is a potent regulatory protein involved in the induction of immunological tolerance. This is based on the binding of membrane-bound as well as soluble HLA-G to inhibitory receptors expressed on various immune effector cells, in particular NK cells and T cells, leading to their attenuated functions. Despite its restricted expression on immune-privileged tissues under physiological conditions, HLA-G expression has been frequently detected in solid and hematopoietic malignancies including urological cancers, such as renal cell and urothelial bladder carcinoma and has been associated with progression of urological cancers and poor outcome of patients: HLA-G expression protects tumor cells from anti-tumor immunity upon interaction with its inhibitory receptors by modulating both the phenotype and function of immune cells leading to immune evasion. This review will discuss the expression, regulation, functional and clinical relevance of HLA-G expression in urological tumors as well as its use as a putative biomarker and/or potential therapeutic target for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma as well as urothelial bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Fiebig
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reiner Strick
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Main Department of GMP Cell and Gene Therapy, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
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Martín-Villa JM, Vaquero-Yuste C, Molina-Alejandre M, Juarez I, Suárez-Trujillo F, López-Nares A, Palacio-Gruber J, Barrera-Gutiérrez L, Fernández-Cruz E, Rodríguez-Sainz C, Arnaiz-Villena A. HLA-G: Too Much or Too Little? Role in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:796054. [PMID: 35154112 PMCID: PMC8829012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.796054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is a non-classical HLA class I molecule with immunomodulatory properties. It was initially described at the maternal-fetal interface, and it was later found that this molecule was constitutively expressed on certain immuneprivileged tissues, such as cornea, endothelial and erythroid precursors, and thymus. The immunosuppressive effect of HLA-G is exerted through the interaction with its cognate receptors, expressed on immunocompetent cells, like ILT2, expressed on NK, B, T cells and APCs; ILT4, on APCs; KIR, found on the surface of NK cells; and finally, the co-receptor CD8. Because of these immunomodulatory functions, HLA-G has been involved in several processes, amongst which organ transplantation, viral infections, cancer progression, and autoimmunity. HLA-G neo-expression on tumors has been recently described in several types of malignancies. In fact, tumor progression is tightly linked to the presence of the molecule, as it exerts its tolerogenic function, inhibiting the cells of the immune system and favoring tumor escape. Several polymorphisms in the 3’UTR region condition changes in HLA-G expression (14bp and +3142C/G, among others), which have been associated with both the development and outcome of patients with different tumor types. Also, in recent years, several studies have shown that HLA-G plays an important role in the control of autoimmune diseases. The ability of HLA-G to limit the progression of these diseases has been confirmed and, in fact, levels of the molecule and several of its polymorphisms have been associated with increased susceptibility to the development of autoimmune diseases, as well as increased disease severity. Thus, modulating HLA-G expression in target tissues of oncology patients or patients with autoimmune diseases may be potential therapeutic approaches to treat these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Martín-Villa
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Vaquero-Yuste
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Molina-Alejandre
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Juarez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Suárez-Trujillo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián López-Nares
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Palacio-Gruber
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Barrera-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Sainz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arnaiz-Villena
- Departamento de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Bennedsen ALB, Cai L, Hasselager RP, Özcan AA, Mohamed KB, Eriksen JO, Eiholm S, Bzorek M, Fiehn AMK, Hviid TVF, Gögenur I. An exploration of immunohistochemistry-based prognostic markers in patients undergoing curative resections for colon cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:62. [PMID: 35027037 PMCID: PMC8759288 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system recognizes and destroys cancer cells. However, cancer cells develop mechanisms to avoid detection by expressing cell surface proteins. Specific tumour cell surface proteins (e.g. HLA-G, PD-L1, CDX2) either alone or in combination with the relative presence of immune cells (CD3 and CD8 positive T-cells) in the tumour tissue may describe the cancer cells’ ability to escape eradication by the immune system. The aim was to investigate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in patients with colon cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective study including patients diagnosed with pT3 and pT4 colon cancers. Immunohistochemical staining with HLA-G, PD-L1, CDX2, CD3, and CD8 was performed on tissue samples with representation of the invasive margin. PD-L1 expression in tumour cells and immune cells was reported conjointly. The expression of CD3 and CD8 was reported as a merged score based on the expression of both markers in the invasive margin and the tumour centre. Subsequently, a combined marker score was established based on all of the markers. Each marker added one point to the score when unfavourable immunohistochemical features was present, and the score was categorized as low, intermediate or high depending on the number of unfavourable stains. Hazard ratios for recurrence, disease-free survival and mortality were calculated. Results We included 188 patients undergoing colon cancer resections in 2011–2012. The median follow-up was 41.7 months, during which 41 (21.8%) patients had recurrence and 74 (39.4%) died. In multivariable regression analysis positive HLA-G expression (HR = 3.37, 95%CI [1.64–6.93]) was associated with higher recurrence rates, while a preserved CDX2 expression (HR = 0.23, 95%CI [0.06–0.85]) was associated with a lower risk of recurrence. An intermediate or high combined marker score was associated with increased recurrence rates (HR = 20.53, 95%CI [2.68–157.32] and HR = 7.56, 95%CI [1.06–54.16], respectively). Neither high expression of PD-L1 nor high CD3-CD8 score was significantly associated with recurrence rates. Patients with a high CD3-CD8 score had a significantly longer DFS and OS. Conclusions In tumour cells, expression of HLA-G and loss of CDX2 expression were associated with cancer recurrence. In addition, a combination of certain tumour tissue biomarkers was associated with colorectal cancer recurrence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09169-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Louise Bjørn Bennedsen
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark.
| | - Luyi Cai
- Cardiology department, Hospital Sønderjylland, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Rune Petring Hasselager
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark
| | - Aysun Avci Özcan
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark
| | - Khadra Bashir Mohamed
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Susanne Eiholm
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Michael Bzorek
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Kanstrup Fiehn
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Sygehusvej 10, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Center For Surgical Science (CSS), Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cai Y, Chen T, Liu J, Peng S, Liu H, Lv M, Ding Z, Zhou Z, Li L, Zeng S, Xiao E. Orthotopic Versus Allotopic Implantation: Comparison of Radiological and Pathological Characteristics. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1133-1140. [PMID: 34611963 PMCID: PMC9291575 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In experimental animal models, implantation location might influence the heterogeneity and overall development of the tumor, leading to an interpretation bias. Purpose To investigate the effects of implantation location in experimental tumor model using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathological findings. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Forty‐five breast cancer‐bearing mice underwent orthotopic (N = 15) and heterotopic (intrahepatic [N = 15] and subcutaneous [N = 15]) implantation. Field Strength/Sequence Sequences including: T1‐weighted turbo spin echo sequence, T2‐weighted blade sequence, diffusion‐weighted imaging, pre‐ and post‐contrast T1 mapping, multi‐echo T2 mapping at 3.0 T. Assessment MRI was performed at 7, 14, and 21 days after implantation. Native T1, post‐contrast T1, T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of tumors, the tumor volume and necrosis volume within tumor were obtained. Lymphocyte cells from H&E staining, Ki67‐positive, and CD31‐positive cells from immunohistochemistry were determined. Statistical Tests One‐way analysis of variance and Spearman's rank correlation were performed. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The tumor volume (intrahepatic vs. orthotopic vs. subcutaneous: 587.50 ± 77.62 mm3 vs. 814.00 ± 43.85 mm3 vs. 956.13 ± 119.22 mm3), necrosis volume within tumor (89.10 ± 26.60 mm3 vs. 292.41 ± 57.92 mm3 vs. 179.91 ± 31.73 mm3, respectively), ADC at day 21 (543.41 ± 42.28 vs. 542.92 ± 99.67 vs. 369.83 ± 42.90, respectively), and post‐contrast T1 at all timepoints (day 7: 442.00 ± 11.52 vs. 435.00 ± 22.90 vs. 394.33 ± 29.95; day 14: 459.00 ± 26.11 vs. 436.83 ± 26.01 vs. 377.00 ± 27.83; day 21: 463.50 ± 23.49 vs. 458.00 ± 34.28 vs. 375.00 ± 30.55) were significantly different between three groups. Necrosis volumes of subcutaneous and intrahepatic tumors were significantly lower than those of orthotopic tumors. The CD31‐positive rate in the intrahepatic implantation was significantly higher than in orthotopic and subcutaneous groups. Necrosis volume (r = −0.71), ADC (r = −0.85), and post‐contrast T1 (r = −0.75) were strongly correlated with vascular invasion index. Data Conclusion Orthotopic and heterotopic tumors have their unique growth kinetics, necrosis volume, and vascular invasion. Non‐invasive MR quantitative parameters, including ADC and post‐contrast T1, may reflect vascular invasion in mice. Level of Evidence 1 Technical Efficacy Stage 3
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Affiliation(s)
- YeYu Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - TaiLi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - JiaYi Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - ShuHui Peng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Lv
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - ZhuYuan Ding
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - ZiYi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - EnHua Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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A Critical Assessment of the Association between HLA-G Expression by Carcinomas and Clinical Outcome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158265. [PMID: 34361031 PMCID: PMC8347921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) conveys immunological tolerance at the maternal-foetal interface. HLA-G expression by tumour cells may also play such a role, resulting in tumour immune evasion, making HLA-G a potential target for immunotherapies. The aim of this review was to determine to what extent it is justified that HLA-G expression is considered as a target for immune checkpoint inhibiting therapy by critically assessing the association between HLA-G expression by carcinomas and clinical outcome of patients. The used HLA-G-detecting mAb, HLA-G quantification methods and statistically significant HLA-G-associated clinicopathological parameters are discussed. Tumour HLA-G expression correlated with poor clinical outcome in breast, esophageal, gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Tumour HLA-G expression was not associated with clinical outcome in ovarian and oral carcinoma patients. Cervical, colorectal, lung, and pancreatic carcinoma patients presented discrepant and therefore inconclusive results regarding the association between tumour HLA-G expression and clinical outcome. These disparities might partly be the result of differences in the methodological approach to quantify HLA-G expression between studies. Therefore, implementation of universal methodological procedures is strongly advised. Overall, HLA-G expression did not univocally result in poor clinical outcome of carcinoma patients. This implies that tumour HLA-G expression is not necessarily part of an inhibited tumour-immune response and tumour progression. Consequently, it remains elusive whether HLA-G expression by carcinomas functions as an immune checkpoint molecule affecting a tumour-immune response. It may also reflect derailed control of gene expression in tumours, with no real functional consequences.
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10
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Xu HH, Gan J, Xu DP, Li L, Yan WH. Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Role of the Immune Checkpoint HLA-G Molecule in Cancers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:614773. [PMID: 34276642 PMCID: PMC8281136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.614773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is known as a novel immune checkpoint molecule in cancer; thus, HLA-G and its receptors might be targets for immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to systematically identify the roles of checkpoint HLA-G molecules across various types of cancer. ONCOMINE, GEPIA, CCLE, TRRUST, HAP, PrognoScan, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, LinkedOmics, STRING, GeneMANIA, DAVID, TIMER, and CIBERSORT were utilized. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. In this study, we comprehensively analysed the heterogeneous expression of HLA-G molecules in various types of cancer and focused on genetic alterations, coexpression patterns, gene interaction networks, HLA-G interactors, and the relationships between HLA-G and pathological stage, prognosis, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We first identified that the mRNA expression levels of HLA-G were significantly upregulated in both most tumor tissues and tumor cell lines on the basis of in-depth analysis of RNAseq data. The expression levels of HLA-G were positively associated with those of the other immune checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4. Abnormal expression of HLA-G was significantly correlated with the pathological stage of some but not all tumor types. There was a significant difference between the high and low HLA-G expression groups in terms of overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). The results showed that HLA-G highly expressed have positive associations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment in most types of tumors (P<0.05). Additionally, we identified the key transcription factor (TF) targets in the regulation of HLA-G expression, including HIVEP2, MYCN, CIITA, MYC, and IRF1. Multiple mutations (missense, truncating, etc.) and the methylation status of the HLA-G gene may explain the differential expression of HLA-G across different tumors. Functional enrichment analysis showed that HLA-G was primarily related to T cell activation, T cell regulation, and lymphocyte-mediated immunity. The data may provide novel insights for blockade of the HLA-G/ILT axis, which holds potential for the development of more effective antitumour treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xu
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
| | - Jun Gan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Dan-Ping Xu
- Reproductive Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Lu Li
- Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
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11
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Lin A, Yan WH. HLA-G/ILTs Targeted Solid Cancer Immunotherapy: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698677. [PMID: 34276691 PMCID: PMC8278316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a promising immunotherapy for cancers. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), a neoantigen, its biological functions and clinical relevance have been extensively investigated in malignancies, and early clinical trials with “anti-HLA-G strategy” are being launched for advance solid cancer immunotherapy. The mechanism of HLA-G as a new ICI is that HLA-G can bind immune cell bearing inhibitory receptors, the immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)-2 and ILT-4. HLA-G/ILT-2/-4 (HLA-G/ILTs) signaling can drive comprehensive immune suppression, promote tumor growth and disease progression. Though clinical benefits could be expected with application of HLA-G antibodies to blockade the HLA-G/ILTs signaling in solid cancer immunotherapy, major challenges with the diversity of HLA-G isoforms, HLA-G/ILTs binding specificity, intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity of HLA-G, lack of isoform-specific antibodies and validated assay protocols, which could dramatically affect the clinical efficacy. Clinical benefits of HLA-G-targeted solid cancer immunotherapy may be fluctuated or even premature unless major challenges are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Lin
- Biological Resource Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China.,Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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