1
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Zhu LL, Wang YH, Feng JH, Zhou Q. Oral Bacterial Lysate OM-85: Advances in Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:4387-4399. [PMID: 39372675 PMCID: PMC11453140 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s484897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial lysates are known for having immunomodulatory properties and have been used mainly for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). However, rigorous studies are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of bacterial lysates with various bacterial antigen components, preparation methods, administration routes and course of treatment. OM-85, an oral standardized lysate prepared by alkaline lysis of 21 strains from 8 species of common respiratory tract pathogens, is indicated as immunotherapy for prevention of recurrent RTIs and acute infectious exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. OM-85 acts on multiple innate and adaptive immune targets and can restore type 1 helper T (Th1)/Th2 balance. Sporadic studies have shown advances in pharmacology and therapeutics of OM-85, and thus an update review is necessary. Methods Literature was retrieved by searching PubMed, Web of science, Embase, CNKI, and Full Text Database of Chinese Medical Journals. Results New roles of OM-85 were discovered in prevention and treatment of lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, SARS-CoV-2 infection, allergic rhinitis, pulmonary fibrosis, atopic dermatitis, and nephrotic syndrome. Pharmacoeconomic values of OM-85 were demonstrated in prophylaxis and treatment of RTIs, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic bronchitis, rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis. Two consecutive courses of OM-85 (6 or 12 months apart) could prevent recurrent RTIs in children. Maternal OM-85 treatment could offer benefits for offspring. Product-specific response was observed. The efficacy of OM-85 may be associated with patient's characteristics (eg, severity of the disease, age, immune response pattern, malignancy risk stratification). Conclusion OM-85 can improve effectiveness of standard care for some primary diseases, and carry significant pharmacoeconomic implications. The benefits shown by OM-85 in vitro and in vivo, when extrapolated to humans, are exciting but also require caution. Individualized treatment may need to be considered. It is necessary to compare the efficacy and safety of various bacterial lysate preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-ling Zhu
- VIP Geriatric Ward, Division of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-hua Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Mincham KT, Lauzon-Joset JF, Read JF, Holt PG, Stumbles PA, Strickland DH. Mapping Lung Hematopoietic Progenitors: Developmental Kinetics and Response to Influenza A Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 71:219-228. [PMID: 38669465 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0395oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a specialized niche responsible for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during homeostasis and inflammation. Recent studies, however, have extended this essential role to the extramedullary and extravascular lung microenvironment. Here, we provide further evidence for a reservoir of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within the lung from Embryonic Day 18.5 until adulthood. These lung progenitors display distinct microenvironment-specific developmental kinetics compared with their bone marrow counterparts, exemplified by a rapid shift from a common myeloid to a megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor-dominated niche with increasing age. In adult mice, influenza A viral infection results in a transient reduction in multipotent progenitors within the lungs, with a parallel increase in downstream granulocyte-monocyte progenitors and dendritic cell populations associated with acute viral infections. Our findings suggest that lung hematopoietic progenitors play a role in reestablishing immunological homeostasis in the respiratory mucosa, which may have significant clinical implications for maintaining pulmonary health after inflammatory perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Mincham
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Francois Lauzon-Joset
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - James F Read
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Philip A Stumbles
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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3
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Rahbek-Hansen SH, Mikkelsen M, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Chawes BL, Brustad N. Preventive effects of prenatal administration of OM-85/BV on asthma and respiratory infection risk in the offspring: A review of animal models. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14184. [PMID: 38924159 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood affecting the daily lives of many patients despite current treatment regimens. Therefore, the need for new therapeutic approaches is evident, where a primary prevention strategy is the ultimate goal. Studies of children born to mothers in farming environments have shown a lower risk of respiratory infections and asthma development. Already at birth, these newborns have demonstrated accelerated maturation and upregulation of host defense immune functions suggesting a prenatal transplacental training of the innate immune system through maternal microbial exposure. This mechanism could possibly be utilized to help prevent both respiratory infections and asthma in young children. Human studies exploring the potential preventative effects of pregnancy bacterial lysate treatment on asthma and respiratory infections are lacking, however, this has been studied in experimental studies using mice through administrations of the bacterial lysate OM-85. This review will present the current literature on the immunomodulatory effects relevant for respiratory infections and asthma in the offspring of mice treated with OM-85 throughout pregnancy. Further, the review will discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind these effects. In conclusion, we found promising results of an accelerated immune competence and improved resistance to airway challenges as a result of prenatal bacterial lysate treatment that may pave the way for implementing this in human trials to prevent asthma and respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Hahn Rahbek-Hansen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Marianne Mikkelsen
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Bo L Chawes
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Brustad
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Health Sciences, Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
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4
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Kweon JY, Mun H, Choi MR, Kim HS, Ahn YJ. Maternal obesity induced metabolic disorders in offspring and myeloid reprogramming by epigenetic regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1256075. [PMID: 38292775 PMCID: PMC10824939 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes are associated with childhood obesity and increased cardiovascular risk. In this review, we will discuss and summarize extensive clinical and experimental studies that metabolically imbalanced environment exposure in early life plays a critical role in influencing later susceptibility to chronic inflammatory diseases and metabolic syndrome. The effect of maternal obesity and metabolic disorders, including gestational diabetes cause Large-for-gestational-age (LGA) children to link future development of adverse health issues such as obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by immune reprogramming to adverse micro-environment. This review also addresses intrauterine environment-driven myeloid reprogramming by epigenetic regulations and the epigenetic markers as an underlying mechanism. This will facilitate future investigations regarding maternal-to-fetal immune regulation and the epigenetic mechanisms of obesity and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Kweon
- Medical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Mun
- Medical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ryeol Choi
- Medical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Ahn
- Medical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department IT Convergence, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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5
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Abstract
Allergic diseases typically begin in early life and can impose a heavy burden on children and their families. Effective preventive measures are currently unavailable but may be ushered in by studies on the "farm effect", the strong protection from asthma and allergy found in children born and raised on traditional farms. Two decades of epidemiologic and immunologic research have demonstrated that this protection is provided by early and intense exposure to farm-associated microbes that target primarily innate immune pathways. Farm exposure also promotes timely maturation of the gut microbiome, which mediates a proportion of the protection conferred by the farm effect. Current research seeks to identify allergy-protective compounds from traditional farm environments, but standardization and regulation of such substances will likely prove challenging. On the other hand, studies in mouse models show that administration of standardized, pharmacological-grade lysates of human airway bacteria abrogates allergic lung inflammation by acting on multiple innate immune targets, including the airway epithelium/IL-33/ILC2 axis and dendritic cells whose Myd88/Trif-dependent tolerogenic reprogramming is sufficient for asthma protection in adoptive transfer models. To the extent that these bacterial lysates mimic the protective effects of natural exposure to microbe-rich environments, these agents might provide an effective tool for prevention of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donata Vercelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Asthma & Airway Disease Research Center, The BIO5 Institute, and The Arizona Center for the Biology of Complex Diseases, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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6
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Comparative meta-analysis of host transcriptional response during Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage or infection. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Oliveira NA, Sevim H. Dendritic cell differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells: challenges and progress. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:207-220. [PMID: 35316109 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major antigen-presenting cells of the immune system responsible for initiating and coordinating immune responses. These abilities provide potential for several clinical applications, such as the development of immunogenic vaccines. However, difficulty in obtaining DCs from conventional sources, such as bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PBMC), and cord blood (CB), is a significantly hinders routine application. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a valuable alternative for generating sufficient numbers of DCs to be used in basic and pre-clinical studies. Despite the many challenges that must be overcome to achieve an efficient protocol for obtaining the major DC types from hiPSCs, recent progress has been made. Here we review the current state of developing DCs from hiPSCs, as well as the key elements required to enable the routine use of hiPSC-derived DCs in pre-clinical and clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelio Aj Oliveira
- Jackson Laboratory - Farmington, 481263, Cell Engineering , Farmington, Connecticut, United States, 06032-2374;
| | - Handan Sevim
- Hacettepe Universitesi, 37515, Faculty of Science Department of Biology, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey;
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8
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Pivniouk V, Gimenes-Junior JA, Ezeh P, Michael A, Pivniouk O, Hahn S, VanLinden SR, Malone SP, Abidov A, Anderson D, Gozdz J, DeVries A, Martinez FD, Pasquali C, Vercelli D. Airway administration of OM-85, a bacterial lysate, blocks experimental asthma by targeting dendritic cells and the epithelium/IL-33/ILC2 axis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:943-956. [PMID: 34560105 PMCID: PMC8901455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial interventions against allergic asthma have robust epidemiologic underpinnings and the potential to recalibrate disease-inducing immune responses. Oral administration of OM-85, a standardized lysate of human airways bacteria, is widely used empirically to prevent respiratory infections and a clinical trial is testing its ability to prevent asthma in high-risk children. We previously showed that intranasal administration of microbial products from farm environments abrogates experimental allergic asthma. OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate whether direct administration of OM-85 to the airway compartment protects against experimental allergic asthma; and to identify protective cellular and molecular mechanisms activated through this natural route. METHODS Different strains of mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin or Alternaria received OM-85 intranasally, and cardinal cellular and molecular asthma phenotypes were measured. Airway transfer experiments assessed whether OM-85-treated dendritic cells protect allergen-sensitized, OM-85-naive mice against asthma. RESULTS Airway OM-85 administration suppressed allergic asthma in all models acting on multiple innate and adaptive immune targets: the airway epithelium/IL-33/ILC2 axis, lung allergen-induced type 2 responses, and dendritic cells whose Myd88/Trif-dependent tolerogenic reprogramming was sufficient to transfer OM-85-induced asthma protection. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first demonstration that administering a standardized bacterial lysate to the airway compartment protects from experimental allergic asthma by engaging multiple immune pathways. Because protection required a cumulative dose 27- to 46-fold lower than the one reportedly active through the oral route, the efficacy of intranasal OM-85 administration may reflect its direct access to the airway mucosal networks controlling the initiation and development of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Pivniouk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz; BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.
| | - Joao A. Gimenes-Junior
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Peace Ezeh
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ashley Michael
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Oksana Pivniouk
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Seongmin Hahn
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sydney R. VanLinden
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sean P. Malone
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Amir Abidov
- Medical Student Research Program, College of Medicine, The
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Dayna Anderson
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Justyna Gozdz
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Avery DeVries
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA,The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,
85721, USA
| | - Fernando D. Martinez
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA,The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,
85721, USA
| | | | - Donata Vercelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA,Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University
of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA,The BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ,
85721, USA,Arizona Center for the Biology of Complex Diseases, The
University of Arizona
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9
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Troy NM, Strickland D, Serralha M, de Jong E, Jones AC, Read J, Galbraith S, Islam Z, Kaur P, Mincham KT, Holt BJ, Sly PD, Bosco A, Holt PG. Protection against severe infant lower respiratory tract infections by immune training: Mechanistic studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:93-103. [PMID: 35177255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from recent clinical studies suggest potential efficacy of immune training (IT)-based approaches for protection against severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE We used systems-level analyses to elucidate IT mechanisms in infants in a clinical trial setting. METHODS Pre- and posttreatment peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a placebo-controlled trial in which winter treatment with the IT agent OM85 reduced infant respiratory infection frequency and/or duration were stimulated for 24 hours with the virus/bacteria mimics polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid/lipopolysaccharide. Transcriptomic profiling via RNA sequencing, pathway and upstream regulator analyses, and systems-level gene coexpression network analyses were used sequentially to elucidate and compare responses in treatment and placebo groups. RESULTS In contrast to subtle changes in antivirus-associated polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid response profiles, the bacterial lipopolysaccharide-triggered gene coexpression network responses exhibited OM85 treatment-associated upregulation of IFN signaling. This was accompanied by network rewiring resulting in increased coordination of TLR4 expression with IFN pathway-associated genes (especially master regulator IRF7); segregation of TNF and IFN-γ (which potentially synergize to exaggerate inflammatory sequelae) into separate expression modules; and reduced size/complexity of the main proinflammatory network module (containing, eg, IL-1,IL-6, and CCL3). Finally, we observed a reduced capacity for lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine (eg, IL-6 and TNF) production in the OM85 group. CONCLUSION These changes are consistent with treatment-induced enhancement of bacterial pathogen detection/clearance capabilities concomitant with enhanced capacity to regulate ensuing inflammatory response intensity and duration. We posit that IT agents exemplified by OM85 potentially protect against severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants principally by effects on innate immune responses targeting the bacterial components of the mixed respiratory viral/bacterial infections that are characteristic of this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M Troy
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Deborah Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael Serralha
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Emma de Jong
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anya C Jones
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - James Read
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sally Galbraith
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Zahir Islam
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kyle T Mincham
- National Hearth and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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10
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Feyaerts D, Urbschat C, Gaudillière B, Stelzer IA. Establishment of tissue-resident immune populations in the fetus. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:747-766. [PMID: 35508672 PMCID: PMC9067556 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune system establishes during the prenatal period from distinct waves of stem and progenitor cells and continuously adapts to the needs and challenges of early postnatal and adult life. Fetal immune development not only lays the foundation for postnatal immunity but establishes functional populations of tissue-resident immune cells that are instrumental for fetal immune responses amidst organ growth and maturation. This review aims to discuss current knowledge about the development and function of tissue-resident immune populations during fetal life, focusing on the brain, lung, and gastrointestinal tract as sites with distinct developmental trajectories. While recent progress using system-level approaches has shed light on the fetal immune landscape, further work is required to describe precise roles of prenatal immune populations and their migration and adaptation to respective organ environments. Defining points of prenatal susceptibility to environmental challenges will support the search for potential therapeutic targets to positively impact postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Feyaerts
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Christopher Urbschat
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brice Gaudillière
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Ina A. Stelzer
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA
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11
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Holt P, Strickland D. Innate Immune Training for Prevention of Recurrent Wheeze in Early Childhood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:392-394. [PMID: 33844949 PMCID: PMC8480254 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202103-0698ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Gao Y, Nanan R, Macia L, Tan J, Sominsky L, Quinn TP, O'Hely M, Ponsonby AL, Tang ML, Collier F, Strickland DH, Dhar P, Brix S, Phipps S, Sly PD, Ranganathan S, Stokholm J, Kristiansen K, Gray L, Vuillermin P. The maternal gut microbiome during pregnancy and offspring allergy and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:669-678. [PMID: 34310928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposures during pregnancy that alter both the maternal gut microbiome and the infant's risk of allergic disease and asthma include a traditional farm environment and consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk, antibiotic use, dietary fiber and psychosocial stress. Multiple mechanisms acting in concert may underpin these associations and prime the infant to acquire immune competence and homeostasis following exposure to the extrauterine environment. Cellular and metabolic products of the maternal gut microbiome can promote the expression of microbial pattern recognition receptors, as well as thymic and bone marrow hematopoiesis relevant to regulatory immunity. At birth, transmission of maternally derived bacteria likely leverages this in utero programming to accelerate postnatal transition from a Th2 to Th1 and Th17 dominant immune phenotypes and maturation of regulatory immune mechanisms, which in turn reduce the child's risk of allergic disease and asthma. Although our understanding of these phenomena is rapidly evolving, the field is relatively nascent, and we are yet to translate existing knowledge into interventions that substantially reduce disease risk in humans. Here we review evidence that the maternal gut microbiome impacts the offspring's risk of allergic disease and asthma, discuss challenges and future directions for the field, and propose the hypothesis that maternal carriage of Prevotella copri during pregnancy decreases the offspring's risk of allergic disease via production of succinate which in turn promotes bone marrow myelopoiesis of dendritic cell precursors in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ralph Nanan
- The Charles Perkins Center, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- The Charles Perkins Center, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jian Tan
- The Charles Perkins Center, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Luba Sominsky
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Thomas P Quinn
- Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Martin O'Hely
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- The Florey Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mimi Lk Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Collier
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Poshmaal Dhar
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simon Phipps
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter D Sly
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2820 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Slagelse Hospital, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; China National Genebank, Shenzhen, China; Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lawrence Gray
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
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13
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de Jong E, Lauzon-Joset JF, Leffler J, Serralha M, Larcombe AN, Christophersen CT, Holt PG, Strickland DH, Bosco A. IRF7-Associated Immunophenotypes Have Dichotomous Responses to Virus/Allergen Coexposure and OM-85-Induced Reprogramming. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699633. [PMID: 34367159 PMCID: PMC8339879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High risk for virus-induced asthma exacerbations in children is associated with an IRF7lo immunophenotype, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we applied a Systems Biology approach to an animal model comprising rat strains manifesting high (BN) versus low susceptibility (PVG) to experimental asthma, induced by virus/allergen coexposure, to elucidate the mechanism(s)-of-action of the high-risk asthma immunophenotype. We also investigated potential risk mitigation via pretreatment with the immune training agent OM-85. Virus/allergen coexposure in low-risk PVG rats resulted in rapid and transient airways inflammation alongside IRF7 gene network formation. In contrast, responses in high-risk BN rats were characterized by severe airways eosinophilia and exaggerated proinflammatory responses that failed to resolve, and complete absence of IRF7 gene networks. OM-85 had more profound effects in high-risk BN rats, inducing immune-related gene expression changes in lung at baseline and reducing exaggerated airway inflammatory responses to virus/allergen coexposure. In low-risk PVG rats, OM-85 boosted IRF7 gene networks in the lung but did not alter baseline gene expression or cellular influx. Distinct IRF7-associated asthma risk immunophenotypes have dichotomous responses to virus/allergen coexposure and respond differentially to OM-85 pretreatment. Extrapolating to humans, our findings suggest that the beneficial effects OM-85 pretreatment may preferentially target those in high-risk subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma de Jong
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jean-Francois Lauzon-Joset
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Claus T Christophersen
- WA Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,Centre for Integrative Metabolomics and Computational Biology, School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Anthony Bosco
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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14
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Lauzon-Joset JF, Mincham KT, Scott NM, Khandan Y, Stumbles PA, Holt PG, Strickland DH. Protection against neonatal respiratory viral infection via maternal treatment during pregnancy with the benign immune training agent OM-85. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1303. [PMID: 34249358 PMCID: PMC8248556 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Incomplete maturation of immune regulatory functions at birth is antecedent to the heightened risk for severe respiratory infections during infancy. Our forerunner animal model studies demonstrated that maternal treatment with the microbial‐derived immune training agent OM‐85 during pregnancy promotes accelerated postnatal maturation of mechanisms that regulate inflammatory processes in the offspring airways. Here, we aimed to provide proof of concept for a novel solution to reduce the burden and potential long‐term sequelae of severe early‐life respiratory viral infection through maternal oral treatment during pregnancy with OM‐85, already in widespread human clinical use. Methods In this study, we performed flow cytometry and targeted gene expression (RT‐qPCR) analysis on lungs from neonatal offspring whose mothers received oral OM‐85 treatment during pregnancy. We next determined whether neonatal offspring from OM‐85 treated mothers demonstrate enhanced protection against lethal lower respiratory infection with mouse‐adapted rhinovirus (vMC0), and associated lung immune changes. Results Offspring from mothers treated with OM‐85 during pregnancy display accelerated postnatal seeding of lung myeloid populations demonstrating upregulation of function‐associated markers. Offspring from OM‐85 mothers additionally exhibit enhanced expression of TLR4/7 and the IL‐1β/NLRP3 inflammasome complex within the lung. These treatment effects were associated with enhanced capacity to clear an otherwise lethal respiratory viral infection during the neonatal period, with concomitant regulation of viral‐induced IFN response intensity. Conclusion These results demonstrate that maternal OM‐85 treatment protects offspring against lethal neonatal respiratory viral infection by accelerating development of innate immune mechanisms crucial for maintenance of local immune homeostasis in the face of pathogen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Lauzon-Joset
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Université Laval Québec QC Canada.,Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Kyle T Mincham
- Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Naomi M Scott
- Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Yasmine Khandan
- Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Philip A Stumbles
- Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia.,Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences Murdoch University Perth WA Australia
| | - Patrick G Holt
- Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
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15
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Mincham KT, Young JD, Strickland DH. OMIP 076: High-dimensional immunophenotyping of murine T-cell, B-cell, and antibody secreting cell subsets. Cytometry A 2021; 99:888-892. [PMID: 34159723 PMCID: PMC9546025 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Mincham
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacob D Young
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Deborah H Strickland
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Mincham KT, Panchal K, Hart PH, Lucas RM, Feelisch M, Weller RB, Matthews VB, Strickland DH, Gorman S. Metabolic dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet modulates hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cells in brown adipose tissue of mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:749-766. [PMID: 33866598 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) may be an important metabolic regulator of whole-body glucose. While important roles have been ascribed to macrophages in regulating metabolic functions in BAT, little is known of the roles of other immune cells subsets, particularly dendritic cells (DCs). Eating a high-fat diet may compromise the development of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs)-which give rise to DCs-in bone marrow, with less known of its effects in BAT. We have previously demonstrated that ongoing exposure to low-dose ultraviolet radiation (UVR) significantly reduced the 'whitening' effect of eating a high-fat diet upon interscapular (i) BAT of mice. Here, we examined whether this observation may be linked to changes in the phenotype of HSPCs and myeloid-derived immune cells in iBAT and bone marrow of mice using 12-colour flow cytometry. Many HSPC subsets declined in both iBAT and bone marrow with increasing metabolic dysfunction. Conversely, with rising adiposity and metabolic dysfunction, conventional DCs (cDCs) increased in both of these tissues. When compared with a low-fat diet, consumption of a high-fat diet significantly reduced proportions of myeloid, common myeloid and megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitors in iBAT, and short-term hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow. In mice fed the high-fat diet, exposure to low-dose UVR significantly reduced proportions of cDCs in iBAT, independently of nitric oxide release from irradiated skin [blocked using the scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO)], but did not significantly modify HSPC subsets in either tissue. Further studies are needed to determine whether changes in these cell populations contribute towards metabolic dysfunction .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Mincham
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kunjal Panchal
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard B Weller
- University of Edinburgh, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Vance B Matthews
- School of Biomedical Science - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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