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Wang X, Qiu W, Hu G, Diao X, Li Y, Li Y, Li P, Liu Y, Feng Y, Xue C, Cao Y, Xu Z. NS7a of SADS-CoV promotes viral infection via inducing apoptosis to suppress type III interferon production. J Virol 2024; 98:e0031724. [PMID: 38624231 PMCID: PMC11092342 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00317-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered swine coronavirus with potential cross-species transmission risk. Although SADS-CoV-induced host cell apoptosis and innate immunity antagonization has been revealed, underlying signaling pathways remain obscure. Here, we demonstrated that infection of SADS-CoV induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, and that viral protein NS7a is mainly responsible for SADS-CoV-induced apoptosis in host cells. Furthermore, we found that NS7a interacted with apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1) to activate caspase-3 via caspase-6 in SADS-CoV-infected cells, and enhanced SADS-CoV replication. Importantly, NS7a suppressed poly(I:C)-induced expression of type III interferon (IFN-λ) via activating caspase-3 to cleave interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and caspase-3 inhibitor protects piglets against SADS-CoV infection in vivo. These findings reveal how SADS-CoV induced apoptosis to inhibit innate immunity and provide a valuable clue to the development of effective drugs for the clinical control of SADS-CoV infection.IMPORTANCEOver the last 20 years, multiple animal-originated coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, have caused millions of deaths, seriously jeopardized human health, and hindered social development, indicating that the study of animal-originated coronaviruses with potential for cross-species transmission is particularly important. Bat-originated swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), discovered in 2017, can not only cause fatal diarrhea in piglets, but also infect multiple human cells, with a potential risk of cross-species transmission, but its pathogenesis is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that NS7a of SADS-CoV suppresses IFN-λ production via apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1)-caspase-6-caspase-3-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) pathway, and caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK) can effectively inhibit SADS-CoV replication and protect infected piglets. Our findings in this study contribute to a better understanding of SADS-CoV-host interactions as a part of the coronaviruses pathogenesis and using apoptosis-inhibitor as a drug as potential therapeutic approaches for prevention and control of SADS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhong C, She G, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li J, Wei X, Chen Z, Zhao K, Zhao Z, Xu Z, Zhang H, Cao Y, Xue C. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus Nsp1 suppresses IFN-λ1 production by degrading IRF1 via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Vet Res 2024; 55:45. [PMID: 38589958 PMCID: PMC11003034 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel porcine enteric coronavirus that causes acute watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in newborn piglets. The type III interferon (IFN-λ) response serves as the primary defense against viruses that replicate in intestinal epithelial cells. However, there is currently no information available on how SADS-CoV modulates the production of IFN-λ. In this study, we utilized IPI-FX cells (a cell line of porcine ileum epithelium) as an in vitro model to investigate the potential immune evasion strategies employed by SADS-CoV against the IFN-λ response. Our results showed that SADS-CoV infection suppressed the production of IFN-λ1 induced by poly(I:C). Through screening SADS-CoV-encoded proteins, nsp1, nsp5, nsp10, nsp12, nsp16, E, S1, and S2 were identified as antagonists of IFN-λ1 production. Specifically, SADS-CoV nsp1 impeded the activation of the IFN-λ1 promoter mediated by MAVS, TBK1, IKKε, and IRF1. Both SADS-CoV and nsp1 obstructed poly(I:C)-induced nuclear translocation of IRF1. Moreover, SADS-CoV nsp1 degraded IRF1 via the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome pathway without interacting with it. Overall, our study provides the first evidence that SADS-CoV inhibits the type III IFN response, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms employed by SADS-CoV to evade the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoli She
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zexin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Liu C, Huang W, He X, Feng Z, Chen Q. Research Advances on Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:448. [PMID: 38338091 PMCID: PMC10854734 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a virulent pathogen that causes acute diarrhea in piglets. The virus was first discovered in Guangdong Province, China, in 2017 and has since emerged in Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangxi Provinces. The outbreak exhibited a localized and sporadic pattern, with no discernable temporal continuity. The virus can infect human progenitor cells and demonstrates considerable potential for cross-species transmission, representing a potential risk for zoonotic transmission. Therefore, continuous surveillance of and comprehensive research on SADS-CoV are imperative. This review provides an overview of the temporal and evolutionary features of SADS-CoV outbreaks, focusing on the structural characteristics of the virus, which serve as the basis for discussing its potential for interspecies transmission. Additionally, the review summarizes virus-host interactions, including the effects on host cells, as well as apoptotic and autophagic behaviors, and discusses prevention and treatment modalities for this viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuancheng Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Weili Huang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Xinyan He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; (C.L.); (W.H.); (X.H.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
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Zhang Y, Cen J, Yuan G, Jia Z, Chen K, Gao W, Chen J, Adamek M, Jia Z, Zou J. DDX5 inhibits type I IFN production by promoting degradation of TBK1 and disrupting formation of TBK1 - TRAF3 complex. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:212. [PMID: 37462751 PMCID: PMC11073175 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
DExD/H-box helicase (DDX) 5 belongs to the DExD/H-box helicase family. DDX family members play differential roles in the regulation of innate antiviral immune response. However, whether DDX5 is involved in antiviral immunity remains unclear. In this study, we found that DDX5 serves as a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) response. Overexpression of DDX5 inhibited IFN production induced by Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and poly(I:C) and enhanced virus replication by targeting key elements of the RLR signaling pathway (MAVS, MITA, TBK1, IRF3 and IRF7). Mechanistically, DDX5 directly interacted with TBK1 to promote its autophagy-mediated degradation. Moreover, DDX5 was shown to block the interaction between TRAF3 and TBK1, hence preventing nuclear translocation of IRF3. Together, these data shed light on the roles of DDX5 in regulating IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Cen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gaoliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wa Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mikolaj Adamek
- Fish Disease Research Unit, Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhiying Jia
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China.
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5
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Cao L, Kong X, Zhang Y, Suo X, Li X, Duan Y, Yuan C, Zheng H, Wang Q. Development of a novel double-antibody sandwich quantitative ELISA for detecting SADS-CoV infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2413-2422. [PMID: 36809389 PMCID: PMC9942060 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an emerging swine enteric alphacoronavirus that can cause acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and death of newborn piglets. In this study, we developed a double-antibody sandwich quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-qELISA) for detection of SADS-CoV by using an anti-SADS-CoV N protein rabbit polyclonal antibody (PAb) and a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6E8 against the SADS-CoV N protein. The PAb was used as the capture antibodies and HRP-labeled 6E8 as the detector antibody. The detection limit of the developed DAS-qELISA assay was 1 ng/mL of purified antigen and 101.08TCID50/mL of SADS-CoV, respectively. Specificity assays showed that the developed DAS-qELISA has no cross-reactivity with other swine enteric coronaviruses, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). Three-day-old piglets were challenged with SADS-CoV and collected anal swab samples which were screened for the presence of SADS-CoV by using DAS-qELISA and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The coincidence rate of the DAS-qELISA and RT-PCR was 93.93%, and the kappa value was 0.85, indicating that DAS-qELISA is a reliable method for applying antigen detection of clinical samples. KEY POINTS: • The first double-antibody sandwich quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection SADS-CoV infection. • The custom ELISA is useful for controlling the SADS-CoV spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Cao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuepeng Suo
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangtong Li
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyue Duan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Yuan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China.
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Combined Analysis of the Whole Transcriptome of Piglets Infected with SADS-CoV Virulent and Avirulent Strains. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020409. [PMID: 36838374 PMCID: PMC9964493 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When piglets are infected by virulent and avirulent strains of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), there are obvious differences in their clinical symptoms; however, the specific mechanisms of pathogenicity and the immune regulation of highly pathogenic and low pathogenic strains are unknown. We collected intestinal tissues from SADS-CoV-infected piglets, performed a whole transcriptome sequencing analysis, including mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, cicrRNA, and TUCP, and performed functional and correlation analyses of differentially expressed RNAs. Our results showed that the differentially expressed RNAs in group A versus group B (AvsB), group A versus group C (AvsC), and group B versus group C (BvsC) were relevant to immune and disease-related signaling pathways that participate in the organisms' viral infection and immune regulation. Furthermore, data obtained from the HAllA analysis suggested that there was a strong correlation between the differentially expressed RNAs. Specifically, LNC_011487 in the P set was significantly negatively correlated with ssc-miR-215, and LNC_011487 was positively correlated with PI3. Moreover, we also constructed a differentially expressed RNA association network map. This study provides a valuable resource for studying the SADS-CoV transcriptome and pathogenic mechanism from the perspective of RNA to understand the differences in and consistency of the interaction between virulent and attenuated SADS-CoV strains and hosts.
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7
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Li M, Guo L, Feng L. Interplay between swine enteric coronaviruses and host innate immune. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1083605. [PMID: 36619958 PMCID: PMC9814124 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1083605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality in neonatal piglets, causing severe losses worldwide. SeCoV includes the following four members: transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). Clinically, mixed infections with several SeCoVs, which are more common in global farms, cause widespread infections. It is worth noting that PDCoV has a broader host range, suggesting the risk of PDCoV transmission across species, posing a serious threat to public health and global security. Studies have begun to focus on investigating the interaction between SeCoV and its host. Here, we summarize the effects of viral proteins on apoptosis, autophagy, and innate immunity induced by SeCoV, providing a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of coronavirus.
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Zeng S, Peng O, Hu F, Xia Y, Geng R, Zhao Y, He Y, Xu Q, Xue C, Cao Y, Zhang H. Metabolomic analysis of porcine intestinal epithelial cells during swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1079297. [PMID: 36530441 PMCID: PMC9751206 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1079297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an enveloped, positive single-stranded RNA virus belonging to Coronaviridae family, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, Alphacoronavirus genus. As one of the main causes of swine diarrhea, SADS-CoV has brought huge losses to the pig industry. Although we have a basic understanding of SADS-CoV, the research on the pathogenicity and interactions between host and virus are still limited, especially the metabolic changes induced by SADS-CoV infection. Here, we utilized a combination of untargeted metabolomics and lipomics to analyze the metabolic alteration in SADS-CoV infected cells. Significant changes were observed in 1257 of 2225 metabolites identified in untargeted metabolomics, while the number of lipomics was 435 out of 868. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and ferroptosis were disrupted during viral infection, suggesting that these metabolic pathways may partake in pathological processes related to SADS-CoV pathogenesis. Collectively, our findings gain insights into the cellular metabolic disorder during SADS-CoV infection, offer a valuable resource for further exploration of the relationship between virus and host metabolic activities, and provide potential targets for the development of antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ouyang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Hao Zhang,
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9
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Substitution of S179P in the Lyssavirus Phosphoprotein Impairs Its Interferon Antagonistic Function. J Virol 2022; 96:e0112522. [PMID: 36326274 PMCID: PMC9683011 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01125-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) and the IFN-induced cellular antiviral response constitute the first line of defense against viral invasion. Evading host innate immunity, especially IFN signaling, is the key step required for lyssaviruses to establish infection.
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10
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The A137R Protein of African Swine Fever Virus Inhibits Type I Interferon Production via the Autophagy-Mediated Lysosomal Degradation of TBK1. J Virol 2022; 96:e0195721. [PMID: 35412346 PMCID: PMC9093111 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01957-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever is a lethal hemorrhagic disease of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which greatly threatens the pig industry in many countries. Deletion of virulence-associated genes to develop live attenuated ASF vaccines is considered to be a promising strategy. A recent study has revealed that the A137R gene deletion results in ASFV attenuation, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. To elucidate the mechanism of the A137R gene regulating ASFV virulence, an ASFV mutant with the A137R gene deleted (ASFV-ΔA137R) was generated based on the wild-type ASFV HLJ/2018 strain (ASFV-WT). Using transcriptome sequencing analysis, we found that ASFV-ΔA137R induced higher type I interferon (IFN) production in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) than did ASFV-WT. Overexpression of the A137R protein (pA137R) inhibited the activation of IFN-β or IFN-stimulated response element. Mechanistically, pA137R interacts with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and promotes the autophagy-mediated lysosomal degradation of TBK1, which blocks the nuclear translocation of interferon regulator factor 3, leading to decreased type I IFN production. Taken together, our findings clarify that pA137R negatively regulates the cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-β signaling pathway via the autophagy-mediated lysosomal degradation of TBK1, which highlights the involvement of pA137R regulating ASFV virulence. IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal viral disease of pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). No commercial vaccines and antiviral treatments are available for the prevention and control of the disease. Several virulence-associated genes of ASFV have been identified, but the underlying attenuation mechanisms are not clear. Compared with the virulent parental ASFV, the A137R gene-deleted ASFV mutant promoted the expression of type I interferon (IFN) in primary porcine alveolar macrophages. Further analysis indicated that the A137R protein negatively regulated the cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-β signaling pathway through targeting TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) for autophagy-mediated lysosomal degradation. This study not only facilitates the understanding of ASFV immunoevasion strategies, but also provides new clues to the development of live attenuated ASF vaccines.
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Xu J, Cao Z, Ji C, Zhou L, Yan X, Sun Y, Ma J. Analysis of Interaction Network Between Host Protein and M Protein of Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:858460. [PMID: 35464981 PMCID: PMC9024367 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.858460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an enterovirus that can cause acute diarrhea and death in piglets and cause serious economic losses to the pig industry. SADS-CoV membrane (M) protein mainly plays a key role in biological processes, such as virus assembly, budding, and host innate immune regulation. Understanding the interaction between M protein and host proteins is very important to define the molecular mechanism of cells at the protein level and to understand specific cellular physiological pathways. In this study, 289 host proteins interacting with M protein were identified by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established by Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis. Results showed that SADS-CoV M protein was mainly associated with the host metabolism, signal transduction, and innate immunity. The Co-Immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) validation results of six randomly selected proteins, namely, Rab11b, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1), Ribosomal Protein L18 (RPL18), RALY, Ras Homolog Family Member A (RHOA), and Annexin A2 (ANXA2), were consistent with LC-MS results. In addition, overexpression of RPL18 and PHOA significantly promoted SADS-CoV replication, while overexpression of RALY antagonized viral replication. This work will help to clarify the function of SADS-CoV M protein in the life cycle of SADS-CoV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chihai Ji
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Yuan Sun
| | - Jingyun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyun Ma
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Yan Q, Liu X, Sun Y, Zeng W, Li Y, Zhao F, Wu K, Fan S, Zhao M, Chen J, Yi L. Swine Enteric Coronavirus: Diverse Pathogen–Host Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073953. [PMID: 35409315 PMCID: PMC8999375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine enteric coronavirus (SeCoV) causes acute gastroenteritis and high mortality in newborn piglets. Since the last century, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have swept farms all over the world and caused substantial economic losses. In recent years, porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) have been emerging SeCoVs. Some of them even spread across species, which made the epidemic situation of SeCoV more complex and changeable. Recent studies have begun to reveal the complex SeCoV–host interaction mechanism in detail. This review summarizes the current advances in autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immunity induced by SeCoV infection. These complex interactions may be directly involved in viral replication or the alteration of some signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yawei Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weijun Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C. & L.Y.)
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.Y.); (X.L.); (Y.S.); (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (K.W.); (S.F.); (M.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-20-8528-8017 (J.C. & L.Y.)
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Liu Y, Liang QZ, Lu W, Yang YL, Chen R, Huang YW, Wang B. A Comparative Analysis of Coronavirus Nucleocapsid (N) Proteins Reveals the SADS-CoV N Protein Antagonizes IFN-β Production by Inducing Ubiquitination of RIG-I. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688758. [PMID: 34220846 PMCID: PMC8242249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a known global threat, and most recently the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has claimed more than 2 million human lives. Delays and interference with IFN responses are closely associated with the severity of disease caused by CoV infection. As the most abundant viral protein in infected cells just after the entry step, the CoV nucleocapsid (N) protein likely plays a key role in IFN interruption. We have conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis and report herein that the N proteins of representative human and animal CoVs from four different genera [swine acute diarrhea syndrome CoV (SADS-CoV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV)] suppress IFN responses by multiple strategies. In particular, we found that the N protein of SADS-CoV interacted with RIG-I independent of its RNA binding activity, mediating K27-, K48- and K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I and its subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation, thus inhibiting the host IFN response. These data provide insight into the interaction between CoVs and host, and offer new clues for the development of therapies against these important viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhang Liang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wan Lu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Le Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Transcriptional Landscape of Vero E6 Cells during Early Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040674. [PMID: 33919952 PMCID: PMC8070899 DOI: 10.3390/v13040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly emerged and highly pathogenic virus that is associated with fatal diarrhea disease in piglets, causing significant economic losses to the pig industry. At present, the research on the pathogenicity and molecular mechanisms of host-virus interactions of SADS-CoV are limited and remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the global gene expression profiles of SADS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells at 12, 18, and 24 h post-infection (hpi) using the RNA-sequencing. As a result, a total of 3324 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified, most of which showed a down-regulated expression pattern. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs are mainly involved in signal transduction, cellular transcription, immune and inflammatory response, and autophagy. Collectively, our results provide insights into the changes in the cellular transcriptome during early infection of SADS-CoV and may provide information for further study of molecular mechanisms.
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