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Golmohammadi M, Ivraghi MS, Hasan EK, Huldani H, Zamanian MY, Rouzbahani S, Mustafa YF, Al-Hasnawi SS, Alazbjee AAA, Khalajimoqim F, Khalaj F. Protective effects of pioglitazone in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI): focus on oxidative stress and inflammation. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s10157-024-02525-3. [PMID: 38935212 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a critical phenomenon that compromises renal function and is the most serious health concern related to acute kidney injury (AKI). Pioglitazone (Pio) is a known agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). PPAR-γ is a nuclear receptor that regulates genes involved in inflammation, metabolism, and cellular differentiation. Activation of PPAR-γ is associated with antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, which are relevant to the pathophysiology of RIRI. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Pio in RIRI, focusing on oxidative stress and inflammation. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search using electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. RESULTS The results of this study demonstrated that Pio has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities that counteract the consequences of RIRI. The study also discussed the underlying mechanisms, including the modulation of various pathways such as TNF-α, NF-κB signaling systems, STAT3 pathway, KIM-1 and NGAL pathways, AMPK phosphorylation, and autophagy flux. Additionally, the study presented a summary of various animal studies that support the potential protective effects of Pio in RIRI. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Pio could protect the kidneys from RIRI by improving antioxidant capacity and decreasing inflammation. Therefore, these findings support the potential of Pio as a therapeutic strategy for preventing RIRI in different clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1988873554, Iran
| | | | | | - Huldani Huldani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Lambung, Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran.
| | - Shiva Rouzbahani
- Miller School of Medicine, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Physician, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib Blvd, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | | | | | - Faranak Khalajimoqim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6718773654, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Khalaj
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Otunla AA, Shanmugarajah K, Davies AH, Shalhoub J. Lipotoxicity and immunometabolism in ischemic acute kidney injury: current perspectives and future directions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1355674. [PMID: 38464721 PMCID: PMC10924325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1355674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism is implicated in the pathophysiology of a range of kidney diseases. The specific mechanisms through which lipotoxicity contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI) remain poorly understood. Herein we review the cardinal features of lipotoxic injury in ischemic kidney injury; lipid accumulation and mitochondrial lipotoxicity. We then explore a new mechanism of lipotoxicity, what we define as "immunometabolic" lipotoxicity, and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this lipotoxicity using lipid lowering medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolarin A. Otunla
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alun H. Davies
- UK and Imperial Vascular Unit, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Shalhoub
- UK and Imperial Vascular Unit, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Zhang Y, Liu M, Ye Z, Yang S, Zhou C, He P, Zhang Y, Gan X, Qin X. Social isolation, loneliness, and the risk of incident acute kidney injury in middle-aged and older adults: A prospective cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2024; 177:111587. [PMID: 38181549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationships of social isolation and loneliness with acute kidney injury (AKI) risk remained uncertain. We aimed to investigate the associations of social isolation and loneliness with incident AKI. METHODS 450,868 participants without prior AKI were included from the UK Biobank. The social isolation index was constructed based on living alone, social contact, and participation in social activities. Loneliness was assessed by asking about "Do you often feel lonely?". The study outcome was incident AKI. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 18,679 (4.1%) participants developed AKI, including 18,428 participants ascertained by hospital admission records with a median duration of hospitalization of 3 (25th-75th, 1-8) days. The hazard ratio for incident AKI for social isolation compared with no social isolation was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.44-1.55) after adjusting for age and race (minimally adjusted), and was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.06-1.14) after further adjusting for socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, biological and health-related factors, psychologic factors, and loneliness (fully adjusted). The minimally adjusted and fully adjusted hazard ratios for incident AKI for loneliness compared with no loneliness was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.52-1.62), and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.06-1.15), respectively. In the fully adjusted models, the highest risk of AKI was found in those with both social isolation and loneliness. Living alone and less social contact, rather than less participation in social activities, were significantly associated with a higher risk of incident AKI. CONCLUSIONS Both social isolation and loneliness were independently and significantly associated with a higher risk of incident AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gan
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Fan H, Liu J, Sun J, Feng G, Li J. Advances in the study of B cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216094. [PMID: 38022595 PMCID: PMC10646530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a non-negligible clinical challenge for clinicians in surgeries such as renal transplantation. Functional loss of renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) in IRI leads to the development of acute kidney injury, delayed graft function (DGF), and allograft rejection. The available evidence indicates that cellular oxidative stress, cell death, microvascular dysfunction, and immune response play an important role in the pathogenesis of IRI. A variety of immune cells, including macrophages and T cells, are actively involved in the progression of IRI in the immune response. The role of B cells in IRI has been relatively less studied, but there is a growing body of evidence for the involvement of B cells, which involve in the development of IRI through innate immune responses, adaptive immune responses, and negative immune regulation. Therefore, therapies targeting B cells may be a potential direction to mitigate IRI. In this review, we summarize the current state of research on the role of B cells in IRI, explore the potential effects of different B cell subsets in the pathogenesis of IRI, and discuss possible targets of B cells for therapeutic aim in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Fan
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Dietetics Teaching and Research Section, Henan Medical College, Xinzheng, China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guiwen Feng
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Liu M, Yang S, Ye Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, He P, Zhou C, Hou FF, Qin X. Tea Consumption and New-Onset Acute Kidney Injury: The Effects of Milk or Sweeteners Addition and Caffeine/Coffee. Nutrients 2023; 15:2201. [PMID: 37432322 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To explore the relationship between tea consumption and the risk of incident acute kidney injury (AKI) and examine the effects of coffee consumption, genetic variation in caffeine metabolism, and the use of tea additives (milk and sweeteners) on this association. Methods: Using data from the UK Biobank, 498,621 participants who were free of AKI and had information on tea intake were included. Black tea is the main type consumed in this population. Dietary information was collected from standardized and validated Food-Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Outcome was incident AKI, determined via primary care data, hospital inpatient data, death register records, or self-reported data at follow-up visits. Results: After a median follow-up period of 12.0 years, 21,202 participants occurred AKI. Overall, there was a reversed J-shaped relation between tea consumption and incident AKI, with an inflection point at 3.5 cup/d (p for nonlinearity < 0.001). The relation was similar among participants with different genetically predicted caffeine metabolism (p-interaction = 0.684), while a more obvious positive association was found between heavy tea consumption and AKI when more coffee was consumed (p-interaction < 0.001). Meanwhile, there was a reversed J-shaped relationship for drinking tea with neither milk nor sweeteners, and a L-shaped association for drinking tea with milk (with or without sweeteners) with incident AKI. However, no significant association was found between drinking tea with sweeteners only and incident AKI. Conclusions: There was a reversed J-shaped relation between tea consumption and incident AKI, suggesting that light to moderate tea consumption, especially adding milk, can be part of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Raji-Amirhasani A, Khaksari M, Soltani Z, Saberi S, Iranpour M, Darvishzadeh Mahani F, Hajializadeh Z, Sabet N. Beneficial effects of time and energy restriction diets on the development of experimental acute kidney injury in Rat: Bax/Bcl-2 and histopathological evaluation. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:59. [PMID: 36941590 PMCID: PMC10026443 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
People's lifestyles and, especially, their eating habits affect their health and the functioning of the organs in their bodies, including the kidneys. One's diet influences the cells' responses to stressful conditions such as acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aims to determine the preconditioning effects of four different diets: energy restriction (ER) diet, time restriction (TR) eating, intermittent fasting (IF), and high-fat diet (HF) on histopathological indices of the kidney as well as the molecules involved in apoptosis during AKI. Adult male rats underwent ER, TR, IF, and HF diets for eight weeks. Then, AKI was induced, and renal function indices, histopathological indices, and molecules involved in apoptosis were measured. In animals with AKI, urinary albumin excretion, serum urea, creatinine and, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased in the kidney, while renal eGFR decreased. ER and TR diets improved renal parameters and prevented an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The IF diet improved renal parameters but had no effect on the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. On the other hand, the HF diet worsened renal function and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Histopathological examination also showed improved kidney conditions in the ER and TR groups and more damage in the HF group. This study demonstrated that ER and TR diets have renoprotective effects on AKI and possibly cause the resistance of kidney cells to damage by reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and improving apoptotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Raji-Amirhasani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shadan Saberi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Darvishzadeh Mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajializadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sabet
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Prem PN, Chellappan DR, Kurian GA. High-fat diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with loss of protection from ischemic preconditioning in renal ischemia reperfusion. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:637-653. [PMID: 36867229 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of high-fat diet (HFD) promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and the latter act as a critical factor in determining the severity of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in different cell types. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a well-known protocol that render IR protection in kidney works via mitochondria. In the present study, we evaluated how HFD kidney with underlying mitochondrial changes respond to precondition protocol after IR induction. Wistar male rats were used in this study and were divided into two groups: SD (standard diet; n = 18) and HFD (high-fat diet; n = 18), which were further subdivided into sham, ischemia-reperfusion, and precondition groups at the end of the dietary regimen. Blood biochemistry, renal injury marker, creatinine clearance (CrCl), mitochondrial quality (fission, fusion, and phagy), mitochondrial function via ETC enzyme activities and respiration, and signalling pathway were analysed. Sixteen weeks of HFD administration to the rat deteriorated the renal mitochondrial health measured via 10% decline in mitochondrial respiration index ADP/O (in GM), reduced mitochondrial copy number (55%), biogenesis (56%), low bioenergetics potential (19% complex I + III and 15% complex II + III), increased oxidative stress, and reduced expression of mitochondrial fusion genes compared with SD rats. IR procedure in HFD rat kidney inflicted significant mitochondrial dysfunction and further deteriorated copy number along with impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. IPC could effectively ameliorate the renal ischemia injury in normal rat but failed to provide similar kind of protection in HFD rat kidney. Even though the IR-associated mitochondrial dysfunction in both normal and HFD rats were similar, the magnitude of overall dysfunction and corresponding renal injury and compromised physiology was high in HFD rats. This observation was further confirmed via in vitro protein translation assay in isolated mitochondria from normal and HFD rat kidney that showed significantly reduction in the response ability of mitochondria in HFD. In conclusion, the deteriorated mitochondrial function and its quality along with low mitochondrial copy number and downregulation of mitochondrial dynamic gene exhibited by HFD rat kidney augments the sensitivity of renal tissue towards the IR injury which leads to the compromised protective ability by ischemic preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N Prem
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - David Raj Chellappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Vascular Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India.
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Li X, Alu A, Wei Y, Wei X, Luo M. The modulatory effect of high salt on immune cells and related diseases. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13250. [PMID: 35747936 PMCID: PMC9436908 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effect of excessive salt intake has been recognized in decades. Researchers have mainly focused on the association between salt intake and hypertension. However, studies in recent years have proposed the existence of extra-renal sodium storage and provided insight into the immunomodulatory function of sodium. OBJECTIVES In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of high salt on various innate and adaptive immune cells and immune-regulated diseases. METHODS We identified papers through electronic searches of PubMed database from inception to March 2022. RESULTS An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that high salt can modulate the differentiation, activation and function of multiple immune cells. Furthermore, a high-salt diet can increase tissue sodium concentrations and influence the immune responses in microenvironments, thereby affecting the development of immune-regulated diseases, including hypertension, multiple sclerosis, cancer and infections. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the pathology of certain diseases and indicate that salt might serve as a target or potential therapeutic agent in different disease contexts. CONCLUSION High salt has a profound impact on the differentiation, activation and function of multiple immune cells. Additionally, an HSD can modulate the development of various immune-regulated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aqu Alu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jang HR, Kim M, Hong S, Lee K, Park MY, Yang KE, Lee CJ, Jeon J, Lee KW, Lee JE, Park JB, Kim K, Kwon GY, Kim YG, Kim DJ, Huh W. Early postoperative urinary MCP-1 as a potential biomarker predicting acute rejection in living donor kidney transplantation: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18832. [PMID: 34552150 PMCID: PMC8458304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the clinical relevance of urinary cytokines/chemokines reflecting intrarenal immunologic micromilieu as prognostic markers and the optimal measurement timing after living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT). This prospective cohort study included 77 LDKT patients who were followed for ≥ 5 years. Patients were divided into control (n = 42) or acute rejection (AR, n = 35) group. Early AR was defined as AR occurring within 3 months. Serum and urine cytokines/chemokines were measured serially as follows: intraoperative, 8/24/72 h, 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after LDKT. Intrarenal total leukocytes, T cells, and B cells were analyzed with immunohistochemistry followed by tissueFAXS. Urinary MCP-1 and fractalkine were also analyzed in a validation cohort. Urinary MCP-1 after one week was higher in the AR group. Urinary MCP-1, fractalkine, TNF-α, RANTES, and IL-6 after one week were significantly higher in the early AR group. Intrarenal total leukocytes and T cells were elevated in the AR group compared with the control group. Urinary fractalkine, MCP-1, and IL-10 showed positive correlation with intrarenal leukocyte infiltration. Post-KT 1 week urinary MCP-1 showed predictive value in the validation cohort. One-week post-KT urinary MCP-1 may be used as a noninvasive diagnostic marker for predicting AR after LDKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryoun Jang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Hong
- Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Yeon Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Jeon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunga Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ghee Young Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Goo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joong Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Huh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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